NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC44063

Natural Product ID	NPC44063
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Prednisolone Acetate
IUPAC Name	[2-[(8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17R)-11,17-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-oxoethyl] acetate
Synonyms	Econopred; Flo-Pred; Meticortelone; Omnipred; Pred Forte; Pred Fte; Pred Mild; Prednisolone acetate; Sterane; Ultracortenol
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL1152
PubChem CID	5834
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000258] Steroids and steroid derivatives [CHEMONTID:0003569] Pregnane steroids [CHEMONTID:0001468] Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 59 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 7.3881 1.9018 0.4329 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2262 1.0570 0.0309 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1143 0.6813 -1.1622 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.2540 0.6656 0.9311 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1368 -0.1463 0.5336 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3132 0.5236 -0.4881 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7188 1.6617 -0.8217 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1006 0.0079 -1.1487 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2202 -1.4804 -1.3025 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8174 -2.0714 -1.1549 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0347 -0.8831 -0.9928 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2218 -1.0168 -0.0647 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0512 -2.2402 -0.4494 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2145 -2.2950 0.5613 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9878 -1.0047 0.4029 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2251 -1.0338 0.0408 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9801 0.1973 -0.1239 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.1897 0.1651 -0.4767 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2929 1.4400 0.1307 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0330 1.4314 0.5016 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2030 0.2269 0.7016 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8175 0.1105 2.1683 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0256 0.2164 -0.2394 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2964 1.4961 -0.2387 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1194 1.4742 -0.6937 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8405 0.1800 -0.3629 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0336 0.0678 1.0933 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3439 2.1070 1.0075 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9568 0.6783 -2.3953 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.8827 2.3371 -0.4463 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.1230 1.3260 1.0009 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0241 2.7595 1.0671 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5736 -1.1158 0.1259 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6465 -0.4508 1.4606 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6856 -1.7681 -2.2665 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7930 -1.8956 -0.4478 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7504 -2.8392 -0.3877 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5772 -2.5534 -2.1401 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4446 -0.5030 -1.9638 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8757 -1.2265 0.9598 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4329 -3.1310 -0.2297 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4165 -2.1879 -1.4755 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7654 -2.2683 1.5560 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8853 -3.1296 0.3936 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7761 -1.9722 -0.1623 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8520 2.3757 0.0052 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6110 2.4415 0.6638 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9623 -0.4919 2.3968 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6906 -0.3382 2.7358 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7378 1.1399 2.5657 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5165 0.0917 -1.2687 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8420 2.2091 -0.9283 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7083 2.2862 -0.2130 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1946 1.6228 -1.7955 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7787 0.8492 1.3951 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3770 -0.9002 1.4681 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0914 0.4007 1.6121 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6885 2.8658 0.9666 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9682 -0.0518 -3.0687 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 2 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 2 0 6 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 2 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 2 0 17 19 1 0 19 20 2 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 1 1 21 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 25 26 1 0 26 27 1 1 24 28 1 0 8 29 1 6 26 8 1 0 26 11 1 0 23 12 1 0 21 15 1 0 1 30 1 0 1 31 1 0 1 32 1 0 5 33 1 0 5 34 1 0 9 35 1 0 9 36 1 0 10 37 1 0 10 38 1 0 11 39 1 6 12 40 1 1 13 41 1 0 13 42 1 0 14 43 1 0 14 44 1 0 16 45 1 0 19 46 1 0 20 47 1 0 22 48 1 0 22 49 1 0 22 50 1 0 23 51 1 6 24 52 1 6 25 53 1 0 25 54 1 0 27 55 1 0 27 56 1 0 27 57 1 0 28 58 1 0 29 59 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	LRJOMUJRLNCICJ-JZYPGELDSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C23H30O6/c1-13(24)29-12-19(27)23(28)9-7-17-16-5-4-14-10-15(25)6-8-21(14,2)20(16)18(26)11-22(17,23)3/h6,8,10,16-18,20,26,28H,4-5,7,9,11-12H2,1-3H3/t16-,17-,18-,20+,21-,22-,23-/m0/s1
SMILES	CC(=O)OCC(=O)[C@]1(CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]4(C)[C@H]3[C@H](C[C@]12C)O)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	402.2	Volume:	411.697 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.977	LogP:	1.768 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	2.084 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-3.953 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	4.0	Rigid Bonds:	23.0
TPSA:	100.9 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	6.0
H-Bond Donor:	2.0	Rings:	4.0
Heavy Atoms:	6.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.702	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.394	Fsp³:	0.696
MCE-18:	75.846 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.567	Fluc inhibitor:	0.043 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.093 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.001 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.222	Promiscuous compounds:	0.942

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.049	MDCK Permeability:	-4.731
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.846	Pgp-substrate:	0.015
PAMPA:	0.142 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.0
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.917	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.946
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.974

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	1.0	MRP1:	0.193
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	95.401%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.279
Fu:	4.034% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.999
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.998	BCRP inhibitor:	0.007
BSEP inhibitor:	0.999

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.001
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	1.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.962
HLM stability:	0.005 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

7.879

Half-life (T1/2):

1.799

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.072	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.153
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.475	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.017
AMES Toxicity:	0.132	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.432
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.982	Skin Sensitization:	0.62
Carcinogencity:	0.833	Eye Corrosion:	0.006
Eye Irritation:	0.763	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.687
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.063	Ototoxicity:	0.306
Hematotoxicity:	0.1	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.272
Genotoxicity:	0.939	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.105
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.002	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.343
BCF:	0.57 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.333 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.013 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.203 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO8101	Rehmannia glutinosa	Species	Orobanchaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[22916954]
NPO8101	Rehmannia glutinosa	Species	Orobanchaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO8101	Rehmannia glutinosa	Species	Orobanchaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO8101	Rehmannia glutinosa	Species	Orobanchaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO8101	Rehmannia glutinosa	Species	Orobanchaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO8101	Rehmannia glutinosa	Species	Orobanchaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO8101	Rehmannia glutinosa	Species	Orobanchaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Potency	28
Inhibition	13
AC50	35
IC50 ratio	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual protein	46
Cell line	1
Organism	11
Nucleic acid	2
Single protein	1
Others	15
Protein complex	1

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT153	Individual protein	Androgen Receptor	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	149.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT153	Individual protein	Androgen Receptor	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	1068.2	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT153	Individual protein	Androgen Receptor	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	237.1	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT211	Individual protein	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	Potency	=	25.1	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT152	Individual protein	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	51.7	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT1417	Individual protein	Transcriptional regulator ERG	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	6309.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT152	Individual protein	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	41.1	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT246	Individual protein	Dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT262	Individual protein	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT30	Individual protein	Cyclooxygenase-1	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT1788	Individual protein	Alpha-1a adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT242	Individual protein	Dopamine D1 receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT295	Individual protein	Serotonin transporter	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT263	Individual protein	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT218	Individual protein	Adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT1478	Individual protein	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT228	Individual protein	Norepinephrine transporter	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT222	Individual protein	Alpha-2a adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT291	Individual protein	Serotonin 2b (5-HT2b) receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT244	Individual protein	Dopamine D3 receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT108	Individual protein	Estrogen receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT153	Individual protein	Androgen Receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT261	Individual protein	Monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT2761	Individual protein	Phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT145	Individual protein	Mu opioid receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT2769	Individual protein	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT72	Individual protein	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	Homo sapiens	Inhibition	=	106.69	%	PMID[23571415]
NPT987	Individual protein	Histamine H3 receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT73	Individual protein	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	Inhibition	=	63.69	%	PMID[23571415]
NPT444	Individual protein	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	14125.4	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT20556	Single protein	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	Inhibition	=	38.15	%	DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL4495564]
NPT692	Individual protein	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens	Inhibition	=	-61.23	%	HDAC6 screening dataset using tau-based substrate in an enzymatic assay yields selective inhibitors and activators
NPT692	Individual protein	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens	Inhibition	=	0.41	%	HDAC6 screening dataset using tau-based substrate in an enzymatic assay yields selective inhibitors and activators
NPT98	Individual protein	HERG	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT542	Individual protein	Progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	=	28273.5	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT8	Individual protein	DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	89125.1	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT861	Individual protein	Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	14581.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT92	Individual protein	Serotonin 1a (5-HT1a) receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT5104	Individual protein	Phosphodiesterase 3A	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT536	Nucleic acid	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	Potency	=	46.5	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT670	Individual protein	Thrombin	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT65	Cell line	HepG2	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	446.7	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT6	Organism	Plasmodium falciparum	Plasmodium falciparum	Potency	n.a.	20786.5	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT20555	Organism	SARS-CoV-2	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	Inhibition	=	59.99	%	DOI[10.21203/rs.3.rs-23951/v1]
NPT20555	Organism	SARS-CoV-2	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	Inhibition	=	0.63	%	DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL4495565]
NPT20	Organism	Candida albicans	Candida albicans	Inhibition	=	0.73	%	DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL4513141]
NPT173	Organism	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Inhibition	=	12.95	%	DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL4513141]
NPT29392	Protein complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1/alpha-2/beta-2/gamma-2	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT19	Organism	Escherichia coli	Escherichia coli	Inhibition	=	1.81	%	DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL4513141]
NPT18	Organism	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Inhibition	=	16.93	%	DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL4513141]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	11883.2	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	2389.1	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	237.1	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	169.3	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	33491.5	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	473	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	149.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	150.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT897	Others	Monoclonal antibody (mAb)	n.a.	IC50 ratio	=	12000.0	n.a.	PMID[12109909]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	115.8	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	326.4	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	25929.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	AC50	n.a.	7079.5	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	AC50	n.a.	44668.4	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	AC50	n.a.	28183.8	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT747	Organism	Acinetobacter baumannii	Acinetobacter baumannii	Inhibition	=	25.62	%	DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL4513141]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT605	Organism	Homo sapiens	Homo sapiens	Potency	=	1.0	n.a.	PMID[6827553]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Potency	=	3.0	n.a.	PMID[6827553]

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC44063 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	17749
0.1-0.2	28529
0.2-0.3	3514
0.3-0.4	48
0.4-0.5	9
0.5-0.6	6
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	2
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC334061
0.5733	Remote Similarity	NPC488911
0.5694	Remote Similarity	NPC478926
0.5658	Remote Similarity	NPC482048
0.5362	Remote Similarity	NPC144956
0.5143	Remote Similarity	NPC169375
0.5132	Remote Similarity	NPC2766

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC44063 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	6341
0.1-0.2	2545
0.2-0.3	154
0.3-0.4	62
0.4-0.5	10
0.5-0.6	21
0.6-0.7	7
0.7-0.8	2
0.8-0.85	2
0.85-0.9	1
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	1

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
1.0	High Similarity	NPD5697	Phase 4
0.8983	High Similarity	NPD6899	Phase 4
0.8361	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4729	Approved
0.8226	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4730	Phase 4
0.7681	Intermediate Similarity	NPD8297	Phase 4
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4696	Phase 4
0.6923	Remote Similarity	NPD5739	Phase 4
0.6818	Remote Similarity	NPD4632	Approved
0.6456	Remote Similarity	NPD7057	Phase 3
0.6456	Remote Similarity	NPD7058	Phase 2
0.6386	Remote Similarity	NPD7962	Phase 2
0.6375	Remote Similarity	NPD7239	Suspended
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPD6649	Approved
0.5921	Remote Similarity	NPD6650	Phase 4
0.589	Remote Similarity	NPD7320	Phase 4
0.5821	Remote Similarity	NPD5211	Phase 2
0.5775	Remote Similarity	NPD4767	Approved
0.5733	Remote Similarity	NPD6372	Approved
0.5694	Remote Similarity	NPD4768	Phase 4
0.5658	Remote Similarity	NPD6373	Phase 4
0.5658	Remote Similarity	NPD6909	Phase 4
0.56	Remote Similarity	NPD6882	Phase 4
0.5584	Remote Similarity	NPD6908	Approved
0.5526	Remote Similarity	NPD6333	Approved
0.5526	Remote Similarity	NPD6334	Phase 4
0.5493	Remote Similarity	NPD5696	Phase 4
0.5362	Remote Similarity	NPD5286	Phase 4
0.5294	Remote Similarity	NPD6079	Phase 4
0.5231	Remote Similarity	NPD4195	Phase 4
0.5217	Remote Similarity	NPD4629	Phase 4
0.5211	Remote Similarity	NPD4633	Phase 4
0.5132	Remote Similarity	NPD5983	Phase 2
0.5067	Remote Similarity	NPD6012	Phase 4
0.5063	Remote Similarity	NPD6009	Phase 4

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data