NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC144956

Natural Product ID	NPC144956
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Methylprednisolone
IUPAC Name	(6S,8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17R)-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-6,10,13-trimethyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Synonyms	Medrol; Medrone; Methylprednisolone; U-67590A
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL650
PubChem CID	6741
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000258] Steroids and steroid derivatives [CHEMONTID:0001295] Hydroxysteroids [CHEMONTID:0003095] 21-hydroxysteroids

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 57 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 4.2182 0.0026 2.5994 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7954 -0.9461 1.7943 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1426 -0.9574 0.4675 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5376 -1.7441 -0.3663 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0548 -0.0421 0.1832 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7315 0.7943 1.2587 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2939 0.8839 -0.9936 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9173 1.1538 -1.6191 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9973 0.5304 -0.6361 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7674 -0.7334 -0.2805 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1050 -1.5533 -1.4787 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0697 -1.4499 0.8077 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3510 -1.7497 0.3739 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4217 -2.7326 -0.5782 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0610 -0.4832 0.0574 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4051 0.2862 -1.0757 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0497 1.5624 -1.4192 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4639 1.8012 -1.0294 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0184 0.8130 -0.0837 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9300 1.2121 0.7726 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5171 0.2833 1.7366 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3920 0.6209 2.5742 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0651 -1.0820 1.7181 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1528 -1.4800 0.8579 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5293 -0.5944 -0.1373 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9376 -1.1193 -1.4917 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6679 3.1768 -0.4317 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7684 0.8184 2.5839 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6278 -1.9775 2.2255 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.8996 -0.8559 1.7263 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0744 1.7182 1.1234 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6753 1.8731 -0.6204 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0250 0.5186 -1.7153 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7673 2.2400 -1.7666 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8565 0.6810 -2.6308 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9750 1.1617 0.2744 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3477 -2.5949 -1.1433 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0044 -1.2107 -2.0330 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2977 -1.5732 -2.2580 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5419 -2.4311 1.0271 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0127 -0.7971 1.6939 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8506 -2.1707 1.2973 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7694 -2.4490 -1.4382 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9153 0.1841 0.9625 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3419 -0.4014 -1.9711 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9350 1.7138 -2.5355 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4535 2.4246 -0.9921 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1051 1.7627 -1.9417 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2946 2.2419 0.8109 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4956 -1.7931 2.4380 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8486 -2.5097 0.8864 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1467 -2.2122 -1.4269 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3017 -0.8204 -2.3181 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9555 -0.6740 -1.7028 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9218 3.9092 -0.8424 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5083 3.2002 0.6656 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6983 3.5698 -0.6073 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 2 0 3 5 1 0 5 6 1 1 5 7 1 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 6 10 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 13 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 2 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 2 0 21 23 1 0 23 24 2 0 24 25 1 0 25 26 1 6 18 27 1 0 10 5 1 0 25 15 1 0 16 9 1 0 25 19 1 0 1 28 1 0 2 29 1 0 2 30 1 0 6 31 1 0 7 32 1 0 7 33 1 0 8 34 1 0 8 35 1 0 9 36 1 1 11 37 1 0 11 38 1 0 11 39 1 0 12 40 1 0 12 41 1 0 13 42 1 1 14 43 1 0 15 44 1 1 16 45 1 6 17 46 1 0 17 47 1 0 18 48 1 6 20 49 1 0 23 50 1 0 24 51 1 0 26 52 1 0 26 53 1 0 26 54 1 0 27 55 1 0 27 56 1 0 27 57 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	VHRSUDSXCMQTMA-PJHHCJLFSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C22H30O5/c1-12-8-14-15-5-7-22(27,18(26)11-23)21(15,3)10-17(25)19(14)20(2)6-4-13(24)9-16(12)20/h4,6,9,12,14-15,17,19,23,25,27H,5,7-8,10-11H2,1-3H3/t12-,14-,15-,17-,19+,20-,21-,22-/m0/s1
SMILES	OCC(=O)[C@@]1(O)CC[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@H]1[C@H]2C[C@@H](C2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]12C)C

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	374.21	Volume:	388.248 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.964	LogP:	1.55 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	1.865 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-3.507 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	2.0	Rigid Bonds:	22.0
TPSA:	94.83 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	5.0
H-Bond Donor:	3.0	Rings:	4.0
Heavy Atoms:	5.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.685	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.625	Fsp³:	0.727
MCE-18:	76.316 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Rejected
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.408	Fluc inhibitor:	0.029 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.036 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.256	Promiscuous compounds:	0.99

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.942	MDCK Permeability:	-4.776
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.646	Pgp-substrate:	0.281
PAMPA:	0.516 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.002
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.373	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.335
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.909

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.911	MRP1:	0.915
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	79.097%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.007
Fu:	23.634% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.994
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.977	BCRP inhibitor:	0.168
BSEP inhibitor:	0.998

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.165	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.161	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.485
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.954
HLM stability:	0.388 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

2.423

Half-life (T1/2):

2.114

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.021	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.04
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.77	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.056
AMES Toxicity:	0.168	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.417
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.914	Skin Sensitization:	0.791
Carcinogencity:	0.925	Eye Corrosion:	0.007
Eye Irritation:	0.863	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.912
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.087	Ototoxicity:	0.79
Hematotoxicity:	0.252	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.819
Genotoxicity:	0.972	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.089
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.006	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.145
BCF:	0.68 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.413 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.145 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.411 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO16145	Apocynum venetum	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO16145	Apocynum venetum	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO16145	Apocynum venetum	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO16145	Apocynum venetum	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO16145	Apocynum venetum	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Potency	46
Log K'	1
RBA	1
Change	4
Weight gain	2
ED50	1
Ratio	2
IC50	8
Ki	2
Inhibition	14
Efficacy	2
EC50	2
AC50	66
Activity	2
logCL	1
Composite Activity - Active	1
Composite Activity - Marginal	1
HepSE_bilirubinemia	1
HepSE_cholecystitis	1
HepSE_cholelithiasis	1
HepSE_cirrhosis	1
HepSE_hepatic failure	1
HepSE_hepatic necrosis	1
HepSE_hepatomegaly	1
HepSE_jaundice	2
HepSE_liver fatty	1
HepSE_liver function tests abnormal	1
HepSE_Combined Scores	1
GI50	54
Hepatotoxicity (acute)	1
Inhibition index	1
Hit score	1
HepSE_liver disease	1
Hepatotoxicity (moderate)	2
Hepatotoxicity (granulomatous hepatitis)	1
Hepatotoxicity (benign tumour)	1
HepSE_elevated liver function tests	1
HepSE_hepatitis	1
Fabs	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual protein	106
Cell line	56
Single protein	5
Organism	17
Nucleic acid	2
Others	25
Phenotype	17
Non-molecular	5

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT153	Individual protein	Androgen Receptor	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	45.2	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT153	Individual protein	Androgen Receptor	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	2433.7	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT153	Individual protein	Androgen Receptor	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	32.3	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT153	Individual protein	Androgen Receptor	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	49	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT153	Individual protein	Androgen Receptor	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	50.7	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT153	Individual protein	Androgen Receptor	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	38.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT1454	Individual protein	Glucocorticoid receptor	Rattus norvegicus	RBA	=	99.0	%	PMID[8230118]
NPT1454	Individual protein	Glucocorticoid receptor	Rattus norvegicus	Change	=	-40.0	%	PMID[8230118]
NPT1454	Individual protein	Glucocorticoid receptor	Rattus norvegicus	Change	=	-70.0	%	PMID[8230118]
NPT1454	Individual protein	Glucocorticoid receptor	Rattus norvegicus	Change	=	0.0	%	PMID[8230118]
NPT1454	Individual protein	Glucocorticoid receptor	Rattus norvegicus	Change	=	-42.0	%	PMID[8230118]
NPT1454	Individual protein	Glucocorticoid receptor	Rattus norvegicus	Weight gain	=	-45.0	n.a.	PMID[8230118]
NPT1454	Individual protein	Glucocorticoid receptor	Rattus norvegicus	Weight gain	=	-79.0	n.a.	PMID[8230118]
NPT1454	Individual protein	Glucocorticoid receptor	Rattus norvegicus	ED50	=	2.0	mg.kg-1	PMID[8230118]
NPT249	Individual protein	Glucocorticoid receptor	Homo sapiens	Ratio	=	2.25	n.a.	PMID[18177009]
NPT249	Individual protein	Glucocorticoid receptor	Homo sapiens	Ratio	=	2.05	n.a.	PMID[17067160]
NPT211	Individual protein	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	Potency	=	50.1	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT152	Individual protein	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	25.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT249	Individual protein	Glucocorticoid receptor	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	11.0	nM	DrugMatrix in vitro pharmacology data
NPT249	Individual protein	Glucocorticoid receptor	Homo sapiens	Ki	=	5.033	nM	DrugMatrix in vitro pharmacology data
NPT299	Individual protein	Androgen Receptor	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	=	26680.0	nM	DrugMatrix in vitro pharmacology data
NPT299	Individual protein	Androgen Receptor	Rattus norvegicus	Ki	=	17786.0	nM	DrugMatrix in vitro pharmacology data
NPT10	Individual protein	Geminin	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	501.2	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT105	Individual protein	Muscleblind-like protein 1	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT152	Individual protein	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	32.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT158	Individual protein	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Rattus norvegicus	Efficacy	=	84.7	%	PMID[20966043]
NPT158	Individual protein	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Rattus norvegicus	EC50	=	4000.0	nM	PMID[20966043]
NPT1249	Individual protein	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	133000.0	nM	PMID[23956101]
NPT1028	Individual protein	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	40970.0	nM	PMID[23956101]
NPT244	Individual protein	Dopamine D3 receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT291	Individual protein	Serotonin 2b (5-HT2b) receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT1647	Individual protein	Vasopressin V2 receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT295	Individual protein	Serotonin transporter	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT223	Individual protein	Alpha-2b adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT290	Individual protein	Serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT1410	Individual protein	GABA receptor alpha-1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT292	Individual protein	Serotonin 2c (5-HT2c) receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT2879	Individual protein	Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT252	Individual protein	Histamine H2 receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT216	Individual protein	Adenosine A1 receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT262	Individual protein	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT228	Individual protein	Norepinephrine transporter	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT261	Individual protein	Monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT217	Individual protein	Adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT1163	Individual protein	Glutamate (NMDA) receptor subunit zeta 1	Rattus norvegicus	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT249	Individual protein	Glucocorticoid receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	=	9.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT267	Individual protein	Neuropeptide Y receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT224	Individual protein	Alpha-2c adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT230	Individual protein	Bradykinin B2 receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT2719	Individual protein	Voltage-gated L-type calcium channel alpha-1C subunit	Rattus norvegicus	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT1464	Individual protein	Phosphodiesterase 4D	Homo sapiens	AC50	=	16000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT259	Individual protein	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT242	Individual protein	Dopamine D1 receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT222	Individual protein	Alpha-2a adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT251	Individual protein	Histamine H1 receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT272	Individual protein	Kappa opioid receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT232	Individual protein	Cannabinoid CB1 receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT108	Individual protein	Estrogen receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT145	Individual protein	Mu opioid receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT1788	Individual protein	Alpha-1a adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT243	Individual protein	Dopamine D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT218	Individual protein	Adenosine A3 receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT246	Individual protein	Dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT226	Individual protein	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT225	Individual protein	Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT303	Individual protein	Vasopressin V1a receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT271	Individual protein	Delta opioid receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT264	Individual protein	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT2769	Individual protein	Thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT31	Individual protein	Cyclooxygenase-2	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT263	Individual protein	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT239	Individual protein	Cholecystokinin A receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT299	Individual protein	Androgen Receptor	Rattus norvegicus	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT72	Individual protein	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	Homo sapiens	Inhibition	=	93.74	%	PMID[23571415]
NPT713	Individual protein	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	135000.0	nM	PMID[20829430]
NPT713	Individual protein	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	33030.0	nM	PMID[22961681]
NPT713	Individual protein	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	133000.0	nM	PMID[23956101]
NPT713	Individual protein	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens	AC50	=	140000.6	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT5301	Individual protein	Motilin receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT54	Individual protein	Nonstructural protein 1	Influenza A virus	Potency	=	316.2	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT73	Individual protein	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	Inhibition	=	79.56	%	PMID[23571415]
NPT612	Individual protein	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	133000.0	nM	PMID[23956101]
NPT20556	Single protein	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	Inhibition	=	30.95	%	DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL4495564]
NPT4358	Individual protein	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT542	Individual protein	Progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	=	1300.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT692	Individual protein	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens	Inhibition	=	-3.84	%	HDAC6 screening dataset using tau-based substrate in an enzymatic assay yields selective inhibitors and activators
NPT98	Individual protein	HERG	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT692	Individual protein	Histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens	Inhibition	=	-40.44	%	HDAC6 screening dataset using tau-based substrate in an enzymatic assay yields selective inhibitors and activators
NPT29430	Single protein	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor protein alpha-4 subunit	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT63	Individual protein	Bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 2B	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	707.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT861	Individual protein	Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	29092.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT5975	Individual protein	Cyclooxygenase-1	Rattus norvegicus	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT28814	Single protein	Ghrelin receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT29454	Single protein	Deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1	Homo sapiens	Inhibition	=	-5.776	%	PMID[38318365]
NPT92	Individual protein	Serotonin 1a (5-HT1a) receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT5104	Individual protein	Phosphodiesterase 3A	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT604	Individual protein	Serum albumin	Homo sapiens	Log K'	=	0.22	n.a.	PMID[11728183]
NPT536	Nucleic acid	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	Potency	=	29.3	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT62	Individual protein	6-phospho-1-fructokinase	Trypanosoma brucei	Potency	n.a.	601.2	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT543	Individual protein	Pregnane X receptor	Homo sapiens	Efficacy	=	112.2	%	PMID[20966043]
NPT543	Individual protein	Pregnane X receptor	Homo sapiens	EC50	=	12600.0	nM	PMID[20966043]
NPT425	Individual protein	Serotonin 3a (5-HT3a) receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT543	Individual protein	Pregnane X receptor	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	30000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]
NPT30151	Single protein	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens	AC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[37468498]

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT2844	Cell line	MES-SA	Homo sapiens	Activity	=	0.86	n.a.	PMID[15828831]
NPT611	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Homo sapiens	logCL	=	0.8751	n.a.	PMID[18768239]
NPT368	Cell line	SN12C	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	46558.61	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT370	Cell line	NCI-H23	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT369	Cell line	ACHN	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT371	Cell line	UO-31	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT116	Cell line	HL-60	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT372	Cell line	HOP-92	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT374	Cell line	SF-539	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT373	Cell line	SK-MEL-5	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT375	Cell line	Malme-3M	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT376	Cell line	A498	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT111	Cell line	K562	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT377	Cell line	OVCAR-3	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT112	Cell line	MOLT-4	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT379	Cell line	HOP-62	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT380	Cell line	U-251	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT381	Cell line	OVCAR-8	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT382	Cell line	OVCAR-5	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT383	Cell line	SNB-19	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT572	Cell line	DMS-273	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT385	Cell line	SR	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT573	Cell line	M19-MEL	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT384	Cell line	TK-10	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT323	Cell line	SW-620	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT455	Cell line	NCI-H522	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT386	Cell line	KM12	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT574	Cell line	XF498	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT387	Cell line	M14	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT389	Cell line	RPMI-8226	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT390	Cell line	LOX IMVI	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT456	Cell line	OVCAR-4	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT147	Cell line	SK-MEL-2	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT575	Cell line	KM-20L2	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT81	Cell line	A549	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT392	Cell line	SNB-75	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT391	Cell line	HCC 2998	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT393	Cell line	HCT-116	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT148	Cell line	HCT-15	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT395	Cell line	SF-268	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT576	Cell line	DMS-114	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT146	Cell line	SK-OV-3	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT397	Cell line	NCI-H460	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT398	Cell line	UACC-62	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT308	Cell line	CAKI-1	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT458	Cell line	IGROV-1	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT399	Cell line	SF-295	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT401	Cell line	786-0	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT403	Cell line	UACC-257	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT404	Cell line	CCRF-CEM	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	42.85	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT579	Cell line	DLD-1	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT405	Cell line	NCI-H226	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT139	Cell line	HT-29	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT170	Cell line	SK-MEL-28	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT407	Cell line	COLO 205	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT732	Cell line	HOP-18	Homo sapiens	GI50	n.a.	100000.0	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT6	Organism	Plasmodium falciparum	Plasmodium falciparum	Potency	n.a.	10417.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT20555	Organism	SARS-CoV-2	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	Inhibition index	=	0.2127	n.a.	DOI[10.1101/2020.04.03.023846]
NPT20555	Organism	SARS-CoV-2	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	Inhibition	=	5.5	%	DOI[10.21203/rs.3.rs-23951/v1]
NPT20555	Organism	SARS-CoV-2	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	Hit score	=	0.1629	n.a.	DOI[10.1101/2020.04.21.054387]
NPT20555	Organism	SARS-CoV-2	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	Inhibition	=	0.46	%	DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL4495565]
NPT312	Organism	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Potency	=	6309.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT20529	Non-molecular	NON-PROTEIN TARGET	n.a.	Hepatotoxicity (acute)	=	0.0	%	PMID[15646539]
NPT20	Organism	Candida albicans	Candida albicans	Inhibition	=	2.95	%	DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL4513141]
NPT173	Organism	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Inhibition	=	20.28	%	DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL4513141]
NPT20529	Non-molecular	NON-PROTEIN TARGET	n.a.	Hepatotoxicity (moderate)	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[15646539]
NPT20529	Non-molecular	NON-PROTEIN TARGET	n.a.	Hepatotoxicity (moderate)	=	0.0	%	PMID[15646539]
NPT20529	Non-molecular	NON-PROTEIN TARGET	n.a.	Hepatotoxicity (granulomatous hepatitis)	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[15646539]
NPT20529	Non-molecular	NON-PROTEIN TARGET	n.a.	Hepatotoxicity (benign tumour)	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[15646539]
NPT19	Organism	Escherichia coli	Escherichia coli	Inhibition	=	5.0	%	DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL4513141]
NPT18	Organism	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Inhibition	=	16.45	%	DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL4513141]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	691.7	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	48557.7	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	90.2	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	243.4	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	64.4	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	24336.5	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	87.1	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	11455.4	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	8.7	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	34.4	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	68589.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	54482.7	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	28.5	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	38.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	24541.2	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	10.2	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	30.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT20596	Phenotype	Hepatotoxicity	n.a.	Composite Activity - Active	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[16472241]
NPT20596	Phenotype	Hepatotoxicity	n.a.	Composite Activity - Marginal	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[16472241]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	4.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT20596	Phenotype	Hepatotoxicity	n.a.	HepSE_bilirubinemia	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[22194678]
NPT20596	Phenotype	Hepatotoxicity	n.a.	HepSE_cholecystitis	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[22194678]
NPT20596	Phenotype	Hepatotoxicity	n.a.	HepSE_cholelithiasis	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[22194678]
NPT20596	Phenotype	Hepatotoxicity	n.a.	HepSE_cirrhosis	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[22194678]
NPT20596	Phenotype	Hepatotoxicity	n.a.	HepSE_hepatic failure	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[22194678]
NPT20596	Phenotype	Hepatotoxicity	n.a.	HepSE_hepatic necrosis	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[22194678]
NPT20596	Phenotype	Hepatotoxicity	n.a.	HepSE_hepatomegaly	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[22194678]
NPT20596	Phenotype	Hepatotoxicity	n.a.	HepSE_jaundice	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[22194678]
NPT20596	Phenotype	Hepatotoxicity	n.a.	HepSE_liver fatty	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[22194678]
NPT20596	Phenotype	Hepatotoxicity	n.a.	HepSE_liver function tests abnormal	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[22194678]
NPT20596	Phenotype	Hepatotoxicity	n.a.	HepSE_Combined Scores	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[22194678]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	5623.4	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	29.1	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	51.7	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	19857.3	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	AC50	n.a.	35481.3	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	AC50	n.a.	17782.8	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT747	Organism	Acinetobacter baumannii	Acinetobacter baumannii	Inhibition	=	19.64	%	DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL4513141]
NPT20596	Phenotype	Hepatotoxicity	n.a.	HepSE_liver disease	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[22194678]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT605	Organism	Homo sapiens	Homo sapiens	Potency	=	0.1	n.a.	PMID[6827553]
NPT605	Organism	Homo sapiens	Homo sapiens	Activity	=	0.82	%	PMID[20022146]
NPT605	Organism	Homo sapiens	Homo sapiens	Fabs	=	82.0	%	PMID[21051535]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Potency	=	-200.0	n.a.	PMID[6827553]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Potency	=	5.0	n.a.	PMID[6827553]
NPT20596	Phenotype	Hepatotoxicity	n.a.	HepSE_elevated liver function tests	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[22194678]
NPT20596	Phenotype	Hepatotoxicity	n.a.	HepSE_hepatitis	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[22194678]

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference
Homo sapiens	n.a.	CL	=	23.7	uL.min-1.(10^6cells)-1	PMID[21998403]
Homo sapiens	Liver	CL	=	7.5	mL.min-1.kg-1	PMID[18768239]
Homo sapiens	n.a.	Fu	=	0.97	n.a.	PMID[21998403]
Homo sapiens	n.a.	Fu	=	0.23	n.a.	PMID[18426954]

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC144956 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	19899
0.1-0.2	28661
0.2-0.3	1273
0.3-0.4	17
0.4-0.5	4
0.5-0.6	3
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	1
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.7119	Intermediate Similarity	NPC334061
0.5362	Remote Similarity	NPC44063
0.5075	Remote Similarity	NPC18509
0.5075	Remote Similarity	NPC319582

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC144956 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	7044
0.1-0.2	1911
0.2-0.3	127
0.3-0.4	39
0.4-0.5	14
0.5-0.6	7
0.6-0.7	3
0.7-0.8	1
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	1
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	1

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
1.0	High Similarity	NPD5286	Phase 4
0.8947	High Similarity	NPD5285	Approved
0.7119	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4696	Phase 4
0.6774	Remote Similarity	NPD4633	Phase 4
0.6571	Remote Similarity	NPD6649	Approved
0.6479	Remote Similarity	NPD6650	Phase 4
0.5362	Remote Similarity	NPD5697	Phase 4
0.5303	Remote Similarity	NPD4629	Phase 4
0.5211	Remote Similarity	NPD4729	Approved
0.5211	Remote Similarity	NPD6899	Phase 4
0.5139	Remote Similarity	NPD4730	Phase 4
0.5075	Remote Similarity	NPD4754	Approved
0.5075	Remote Similarity	NPD4755	Phase 4

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data