NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC63368

Natural Product ID	NPC63368
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Ginsenoside Rb2
IUPAC Name	(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[(2S)-6-methyl-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Synonyms	Ginsenoside Rb2
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL449303
PubChem CID	6917976
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000259] Prenol lipids [CHEMONTID:0002049] Terpene glycosides [CHEMONTID:0001580] Triterpene glycosides [CHEMONTID:0002358] Triterpene saponins

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 165172 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -9.6181 -1.4032 4.7843 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.2412 -1.1644 4.6576 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.9853 -0.9504 3.1817 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.6268 -0.6987 2.9246 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5908 -0.0140 1.6787 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2951 0.0654 1.2355 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7502 1.3277 1.1318 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6702 1.5261 2.1738 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2785 1.6261 1.6385 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0749 0.7427 0.3918 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9543 1.4130 -0.6370 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3350 1.7530 -0.2279 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5882 3.2782 -0.2969 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3326 1.2135 -1.2409 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8274 0.7659 -2.0008 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4217 0.9961 -2.4748 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3881 0.4460 -1.4783 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6684 0.9642 -0.1214 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4325 0.6818 0.8427 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6894 1.3570 0.2389 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6539 1.5603 1.1661 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0560 0.4644 -0.9330 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9452 0.9089 -1.9346 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0294 2.4032 -2.1840 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4852 0.2871 -3.1706 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8961 0.8566 -3.0813 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3165 0.6542 -1.6033 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5297 -0.1448 -1.5094 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.2203 -0.3377 -0.3736 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.7764 0.5842 0.3933 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.1693 0.7144 0.2233 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.9853 -0.2301 0.7015 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.7180 -0.8889 -0.4613 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.4626 -0.0270 -1.2240 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.4681 0.6218 -0.5676 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.2392 2.0092 -0.7449 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.9676 2.7022 0.1855 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.2240 2.0175 0.6171 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.8369 1.2277 -0.4996 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.8298 0.3830 -1.2416 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.1637 -0.9547 -1.2641 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13.4477 2.1394 -1.3787 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13.1537 3.0138 0.9836 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2031 -1.3146 1.4579 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4751 -0.5621 2.5406 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5099 0.3760 1.8402 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3703 1.5682 2.5506 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.8416 -1.3641 3.4539 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.0883 -2.2548 1.9858 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5071 -1.5364 -2.1552 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5580 -2.5233 -1.6286 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7214 -2.8478 -0.1915 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9867 -4.0530 0.2903 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1268 -5.1536 -0.7076 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1427 -4.3204 1.7238 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5950 0.5563 -2.4495 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4934 -1.0404 -1.6423 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3945 -0.6302 0.7886 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.3539 -0.9083 0.7157 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.4345 -2.3400 1.2713 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.3128 -2.2792 2.4899 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.6313 -2.3296 2.0944 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.1280 -2.7114 1.5859 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.6102 -0.4278 0.4117 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.7354 -0.2459 -0.9577 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.0094 1.0445 -1.3350 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10.2299 1.5379 -0.9591 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10.0406 2.6448 0.0472 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.3923 2.1990 1.1750 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -11.1455 0.5039 -0.3418 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -11.1140 -0.7968 -1.1010 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.7581 -1.1650 -1.5955 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.7002 -0.9422 -2.9654 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -11.5737 -1.8023 -0.2528 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -12.4394 1.0140 -0.4135 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10.1465 -0.9145 4.0911 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.7460 -2.1138 4.9533 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.9600 -0.3041 5.2733 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.6559 -0.1983 2.7673 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.0670 0.9426 1.8844 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.5973 2.0072 1.4676 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8392 2.4656 2.7810 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7683 0.7027 2.9152 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6052 1.2869 2.4646 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0646 2.6920 1.4007 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4253 2.4102 -0.7939 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6628 3.4969 -0.2856 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1673 3.7091 0.6380 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1120 3.7031 -1.2007 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1446 0.1812 -1.5266 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3400 1.3690 -0.7670 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3576 1.9025 -2.1366 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1714 -0.2661 -2.0322 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4844 1.3509 -2.6849 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2114 0.4723 -3.4343 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2908 2.0680 -2.6584 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6483 2.0988 -0.2137 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6155 -0.3983 1.0015 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3222 1.1505 1.8191 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2917 2.3533 -0.1141 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3057 1.2639 2.0577 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8087 -0.5468 -0.6077 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2574 3.0085 -1.7324 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9542 2.6203 -3.2962 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0104 2.8436 -1.9096 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0082 0.6950 -4.1015 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5965 -0.7884 -3.1980 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4823 0.2564 -3.7791 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9550 1.8933 -3.4037 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6486 1.7302 -1.3332 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4602 1.6564 0.1497 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.7666 0.1913 1.3790 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.9951 -1.4761 -1.0893 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.4220 -1.6642 -0.0718 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.5153 0.3343 0.4816 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.2380 3.6882 -0.2940 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.3002 2.9328 1.0474 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.0783 1.3950 1.5385 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13.6464 0.5959 -0.0329 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.7060 0.8077 -2.2700 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.2956 -1.2280 -2.2089 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14.2451 2.4997 -0.9343 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13.8327 2.5423 1.5589 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.5530 -1.8459 0.7547 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2313 0.0474 3.0974 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5152 -0.1566 1.9245 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2474 2.0124 2.5208 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2299 -2.2720 3.5474 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.1208 -3.0877 1.4841 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4745 -1.4372 -3.2812 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5442 -1.9804 -2.0181 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7239 -3.5505 -2.1288 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4964 -2.3590 -1.8238 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6149 -2.0378 0.5233 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0024 -4.9751 -1.3723 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1806 -5.3052 -1.2479 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3371 -6.1107 -0.1671 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3582 -3.8877 2.3738 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1929 -5.4250 1.8891 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1648 -3.9475 2.0317 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.5690 0.1162 -2.1598 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5964 1.6200 -2.2721 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4444 0.2190 -3.4898 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3060 -1.2392 -2.7427 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5498 -1.4258 -1.5572 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1177 -1.6412 -0.9850 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4288 -1.2216 0.8200 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7452 -0.7277 1.8631 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1116 -1.2024 0.2104 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.7932 -1.0344 -0.2379 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.8633 -2.9552 0.4716 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.0883 -3.1392 3.1543 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.7250 -3.0387 1.4009 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6529 -3.0095 0.7740 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.7650 -0.5177 -1.4799 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10.7540 1.9582 -1.8453 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.3984 3.4502 -0.4123 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -11.0039 3.1531 0.2891 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.6201 2.7529 1.9610 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10.9304 0.3587 0.7472 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -11.8348 -0.7733 -1.9494 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.5100 -2.2343 -1.4323 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.1154 -0.1721 -3.2100 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -11.4895 -2.6508 -0.7923 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -13.0000 0.4682 -0.9885 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 12 14 1 0 11 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 20 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 6 23 25 1 0 25 26 1 0 26 27 1 0 27 28 1 0 28 29 1 1 29 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 31 32 1 0 32 33 1 0 33 34 1 0 34 35 1 0 35 36 1 0 36 37 1 0 37 38 1 0 38 39 1 0 39 40 1 0 40 41 1 0 39 42 1 0 38 43 1 0 32 44 1 0 44 45 1 0 45 46 1 0 46 47 1 0 45 48 1 0 44 49 1 0 28 50 1 0 50 51 1 0 51 52 1 0 52 53 2 3 53 54 1 0 53 55 1 0 28 56 1 0 17 57 1 1 10 58 1 1 5 59 1 0 59 60 1 0 60 61 1 0 61 62 1 0 60 63 1 0 59 64 1 0 64 65 1 0 65 66 1 0 66 67 1 0 67 68 1 0 68 69 1 0 67 70 1 0 70 71 1 0 71 72 1 0 72 73 1 0 71 74 1 0 70 75 1 0 61 3 1 0 72 65 1 0 12 7 1 0 23 17 1 0 46 30 1 0 18 10 1 0 27 22 1 0 40 35 1 0 1 76 1 0 2 77 1 0 2 78 1 0 3 79 1 6 5 80 1 1 7 81 1 1 8 82 1 0 8 83 1 0 9 84 1 0 9 85 1 0 11 86 1 6 13 87 1 0 13 88 1 0 13 89 1 0 14 90 1 0 14 91 1 0 14 92 1 0 15 93 1 0 15 94 1 0 16 95 1 0 16 96 1 0 18 97 1 6 19 98 1 0 19 99 1 0 20100 1 6 21101 1 0 22102 1 1 24103 1 0 24104 1 0 24105 1 0 25106 1 0 25107 1 0 26108 1 0 26109 1 0 27110 1 1 30111 1 6 32112 1 1 33113 1 0 33114 1 0 35115 1 1 37116 1 0 37117 1 0 38118 1 1 39119 1 1 40120 1 6 41121 1 0 42122 1 0 43123 1 0 44124 1 6 45125 1 1 46126 1 6 47127 1 0 48128 1 0 49129 1 0 50130 1 0 50131 1 0 51132 1 0 51133 1 0 52134 1 0 54135 1 0 54136 1 0 54137 1 0 55138 1 0 55139 1 0 55140 1 0 56141 1 0 56142 1 0 56143 1 0 57144 1 0 57145 1 0 57146 1 0 58147 1 0 58148 1 0 58149 1 0 59150 1 6 60151 1 6 61152 1 1 62153 1 0 63154 1 0 65155 1 6 67156 1 6 68157 1 0 68158 1 0 69159 1 0 70160 1 1 71161 1 6 72162 1 6 73163 1 0 74164 1 0 75165 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	NODILNFGTFIURN-GZPRDHCNSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C53H90O22/c1-23(2)10-9-14-53(8,75-47-43(67)39(63)37(61)29(72-47)22-69-45-41(65)34(58)26(57)21-68-45)24-11-16-52(7)33(24)25(56)18-31-50(5)15-13-32(49(3,4)30(50)12-17-51(31,52)6)73-48-44(40(64)36(60)28(20-55)71-48)74-46-42(66)38(62)35(59)27(19-54)70-46/h10,24-48,54-67H,9,11-22H2,1-8H3/t24-,25+,26-,27+,28+,29+,30-,31+,32-,33-,34-,35+,36+,37+,38-,39-,40-,41+,42+,43+,44+,45-,46-,47-,48-,50-,51+,52+,53-/m0/s1
SMILES	OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2CC[C@]3([C@H](C2(C)C)CC[C@@]2([C@@H]3C[C@@H](O)[C@H]3[C@@]2(C)CC[C@@H]3[C@@](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO[C@@H]3OC[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O)(CCC=C(C)C)C)C)C)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O)O)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	1078.59	Volume:	1047.541 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.03	LogP:	1.663 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	2.405 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-4.292 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	15.0	Rigid Bonds:	45.0
TPSA:	357.06 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	22.0
H-Bond Donor:	14.0	Rings:	8.0
Heavy Atoms:	22.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.065	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	6.827	Fsp³:	0.962
MCE-18:	176.25 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	1
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.722	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.003 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.283	Promiscuous compounds:	0.198

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-6.692	MDCK Permeability:	-4.971
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.0	Pgp-substrate:	0.723
PAMPA:	1.0 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.939
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.139	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.999
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.998

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.002	MRP1:	0.143
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	63.609%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.394
Fu:	21.707% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.0
BSEP inhibitor:	0.0

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.005	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.027
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.815
HLM stability:	0.026 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

-0.12

Half-life (T1/2):

3.109

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.002	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.004
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.735	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.821
AMES Toxicity:	0.99	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.0
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.0	Skin Sensitization:	1.0
Carcinogencity:	0.025	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.0	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.0
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.0	Ototoxicity:	1.0
Hematotoxicity:	0.792	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.997
Genotoxicity:	0.113	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.328
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.989	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.545
BCF:	1.403 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.488 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.751 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	3.937 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO20712	Panax quinquefolius	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[ 12877918]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/j.jarmap.2018.11.004]
NPO20712	Panax quinquefolius	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/j.jarmap.2018.11.004]
NPO25128	Panax vietnamensis	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	Vietnamese	n.a.	PMID[11325227]
NPO28005	Panax japonicus	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12350149]
NPO21891	Panax notoginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	Flower buds	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12880307]
NPO21891	Panax notoginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	Stems	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[17663584]
NPO21891	Panax notoginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18186611]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	leaf	n.a.	PMID[18409045]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	flower buds	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19926279]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[2092947]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	berry	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[21216145]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	leaves	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24290061]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24968750]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25152999]
NPO20712	Panax quinquefolius	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	leaves and stems	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25442304]
NPO21891	Panax notoginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	Steamed Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[26200131]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	stems-leaves	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[26420067]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	stem	n.a.	PMID[27914541]
NPO28005	Panax japonicus	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[28006911]
NPO28005	Panax japonicus	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[28202328]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	Flower Buds	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[28345906]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[32129622]
NPO28005	Panax japonicus	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO29812	Panax quinquefolium	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20712	Panax quinquefolius	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO25128	Panax vietnamensis	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21891	Panax notoginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO29812	Panax quinquefolium	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[MetaboLights]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO15392	Radix ginseng rubra	Species	Lymnaeidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20712	Panax quinquefolius	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO21891	Panax notoginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO29812	Panax quinquefolium	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO28005	Panax japonicus	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO20712	Panax quinquefolius	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO28005	Panax japonicus	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO21891	Panax notoginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO28005	Panax japonicus	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO29141	Panax ginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO25128	Panax vietnamensis	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21891	Panax notoginseng	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20712	Panax quinquefolius	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Activity	33
Inhibition	3
IC50	2
EC50	1
FC	1
Survival	3

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual protein	1
Cell line	12
Organism	28
Protein complex	2

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT1046	Individual protein	NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	Activity	=	8.0	%	PMID[27153347]

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Inhibition	=	22.1	%	PMID[11325227]
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Inhibition	=	100.8	%	PMID[11325227]
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Inhibition	=	48.8	%	PMID[11325227]
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Activity	=	7.6	%	PMID[11325227]
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Activity	=	43.3	%	PMID[11325227]
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Activity	=	21.0	%	PMID[11325227]
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	IC50	=	105000.0	nM	PMID[11325227]
NPT380	Cell line	U-251	Homo sapiens	Activity	=	77.45	%	PMID[25442304]
NPT76	Cell line	C6	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	80.92	%	PMID[25442304]
NPT23107	Protein complex	AMPK alpha2/beta1/gamma1	Homo sapiens	EC50	=	16.8	nM	PMID[28345906]
NPT23107	Protein complex	AMPK alpha2/beta1/gamma1	Homo sapiens	FC	=	4.7	n.a.	PMID[28345906]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Survival	=	36.7	%	PMID[11325227]
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Survival	=	60.3	%	PMID[11325227]
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Survival	=	44.7	%	PMID[11325227]
NPT32	Organism	Mus musculus	Mus musculus	IC50	=	105000.0	nM	PMID[29353722]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	5.11	g/dl	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	3.24	g/dl	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	337.2	mg/dl	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	5.68	g/dl	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	3.39	g/dl	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	321.0	mg/dl	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	17.0	%	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	921.0	cpm	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	699.0	cpm	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	481.0	cpm	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	294.0	cpm	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	424.0	cpm	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	314.0	cpm	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	426.0	cpm	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	395.0	cpm	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	689.0	cpm	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	737.0	cpm	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	287.0	cpm	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	242.0	cpm	PMID[2089120]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	223.0	%	PMID[2614424]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	75.0	%	PMID[2614424]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	186.0	%	PMID[2614424]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	93.0	%	PMID[2614424]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	225.0	%	PMID[2614424]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	104.0	%	PMID[2614424]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	313.0	%	PMID[2614424]
NPT29	Organism	Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	415.0	%	PMID[2614424]

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC63368 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	22641
0.1-0.2	22804
0.2-0.3	3157
0.3-0.4	887
0.4-0.5	291
0.5-0.6	33
0.6-0.7	20
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	2
0.85-0.9	2
0.9-0.95	2
0.95-1	2

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
1.0	High Similarity	NPC14946
0.9551	High Similarity	NPC159005
0.9205	High Similarity	NPC208650
0.9	High Similarity	NPC220427
0.8617	High Similarity	NPC246124
0.8506	High Similarity	NPC208477
0.8438	Intermediate Similarity	NPC135369
0.8202	Intermediate Similarity	NPC69737
0.7963	Intermediate Similarity	NPC488293
0.7941	Intermediate Similarity	NPC146868
0.7921	Intermediate Similarity	NPC241381
0.7692	Intermediate Similarity	NPC488294
0.7447	Intermediate Similarity	NPC269627
0.7431	Intermediate Similarity	NPC488291
0.7386	Intermediate Similarity	NPC31907
0.7353	Intermediate Similarity	NPC180183
0.7234	Intermediate Similarity	NPC181467
0.7184	Intermediate Similarity	NPC6931
0.71	Intermediate Similarity	NPC65167
0.6944	Remote Similarity	NPC488292
0.6789	Remote Similarity	NPC146652
0.6699	Remote Similarity	NPC160816
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC194842
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC472988
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC38217
0.6562	Remote Similarity	NPC312553
0.6505	Remote Similarity	NPC476360
0.6505	Remote Similarity	NPC476361
0.6471	Remote Similarity	NPC234160
0.6421	Remote Similarity	NPC157659
0.6392	Remote Similarity	NPC8039
0.6392	Remote Similarity	NPC120123
0.63	Remote Similarity	NPC131479
0.6296	Remote Similarity	NPC472718
0.6186	Remote Similarity	NPC159036
0.6176	Remote Similarity	NPC127801
0.6176	Remote Similarity	NPC152584
0.6129	Remote Similarity	NPC66654
0.6036	Remote Similarity	NPC472716
0.5943	Remote Similarity	NPC208594
0.5842	Remote Similarity	NPC472987
0.5825	Remote Similarity	NPC213190
0.58	Remote Similarity	NPC472897
0.58	Remote Similarity	NPC472896
0.5567	Remote Similarity	NPC234287
0.5566	Remote Similarity	NPC472715
0.5534	Remote Similarity	NPC16573
0.5517	Remote Similarity	NPC610948
0.5446	Remote Similarity	NPC305418
0.5446	Remote Similarity	NPC114874
0.5408	Remote Similarity	NPC88000
0.5408	Remote Similarity	NPC4831
0.5408	Remote Similarity	NPC472023
0.54	Remote Similarity	NPC160734
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC165033
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC273879
0.5327	Remote Similarity	NPC472719
0.5254	Remote Similarity	NPC291903
0.5246	Remote Similarity	NPC606950
0.5243	Remote Similarity	NPC611039
0.5204	Remote Similarity	NPC280825
0.5204	Remote Similarity	NPC473198
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPC607354
0.514	Remote Similarity	NPC139271
0.5126	Remote Similarity	NPC606145
0.5091	Remote Similarity	NPC472717
0.5091	Remote Similarity	NPC210759
0.5088	Remote Similarity	NPC469946
0.5048	Remote Similarity	NPC252253
0.5042	Remote Similarity	NPC77717
0.5041	Remote Similarity	NPC609281
0.5041	Remote Similarity	NPC610461

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC63368 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	7632
0.1-0.2	1460
0.2-0.3	52
0.3-0.4	6
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data