NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC122056

Natural Product ID	NPC122056
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Jaborosalactone A
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL465075
PubChem CID	12304656
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000258] Steroids and steroid derivatives [CHEMONTID:0001125] Steroid lactones [CHEMONTID:0001560] Withanolides and derivatives

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 71 76 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 7.1975 -1.2334 0.6701 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.0247 -0.5825 0.0786 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1699 0.5533 -0.5659 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5218 1.1426 -0.6743 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5014 2.4104 -0.0698 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9895 1.1859 -1.1490 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1087 2.2790 -1.7728 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7560 0.5453 -0.9901 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5886 -0.1618 0.2539 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6944 -1.2116 0.2145 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2549 -0.8832 0.2635 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1206 -1.5906 1.5892 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1016 0.0634 0.1058 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2146 0.8429 -1.2050 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1898 1.1273 -1.6773 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0147 0.6455 -0.5610 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4475 0.3938 -0.8383 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0619 1.6145 -1.4203 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5185 1.7782 -1.2066 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2046 1.0692 -0.2104 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2687 1.7951 0.5770 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.0523 0.9483 1.4923 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.4402 -0.0027 2.1693 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9863 -0.1393 1.9425 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2198 -0.3410 2.9198 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5147 -0.0249 0.5239 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9072 -1.3435 -0.1633 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0372 0.0247 0.5330 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4042 -1.3032 0.8833 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9077 -1.0874 1.1437 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2374 -0.5848 -0.0832 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2048 -1.6481 -1.1531 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4338 0.8159 -1.5572 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.9416 -1.5016 -0.1328 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9607 -2.1958 1.1682 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.6841 -0.5856 1.4565 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.2692 0.5111 -0.1605 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.7676 1.2014 -1.7496 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6147 2.8127 -0.0600 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6756 0.5308 1.1044 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7136 -1.8856 1.0610 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5080 -1.7998 -0.7102 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2582 -1.6255 -0.5303 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4189 -1.0509 2.2574 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7678 -2.6297 1.5042 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0966 -1.5496 2.1684 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0177 0.8094 0.9132 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7731 1.7814 -1.0324 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6828 0.2265 -1.9968 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3279 2.2367 -1.7789 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4196 0.6925 -2.6635 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9542 1.3764 0.2762 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6571 -0.4584 -1.5205 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8850 1.5771 -2.5338 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5537 2.5562 -1.0948 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8760 2.8191 -1.4727 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7338 2.6176 1.1207 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.9261 2.3305 -0.1456 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.1194 1.0807 1.6285 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.9259 -0.6717 2.8710 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5603 -2.1517 0.5047 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4003 -1.4537 -1.1379 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0089 -1.4232 -0.2523 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6707 0.8016 1.2314 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5525 -1.9894 0.0307 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8420 -1.7987 1.7605 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5344 -2.0925 1.4171 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8238 -0.4080 2.0098 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2415 -2.5554 -0.7090 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2127 -1.8755 -1.4870 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3993 -1.3564 -2.0097 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 3 6 1 0 6 7 2 0 6 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 9 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 11 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 1 0 22 23 2 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 2 0 24 26 1 0 26 27 1 6 26 28 1 0 28 29 1 0 29 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 31 32 1 6 20 33 1 6 10 2 1 0 31 13 1 0 31 16 1 0 28 17 1 0 33 19 1 0 26 20 1 0 1 34 1 0 1 35 1 0 1 36 1 0 4 37 1 0 4 38 1 0 5 39 1 0 9 40 1 1 10 41 1 0 10 42 1 0 11 43 1 6 12 44 1 0 12 45 1 0 12 46 1 0 13 47 1 1 14 48 1 0 14 49 1 0 15 50 1 0 15 51 1 0 16 52 1 1 17 53 1 6 18 54 1 0 18 55 1 0 19 56 1 6 21 57 1 0 21 58 1 0 22 59 1 0 23 60 1 0 27 61 1 0 27 62 1 0 27 63 1 0 28 64 1 1 29 65 1 0 29 66 1 0 30 67 1 0 30 68 1 0 32 69 1 0 32 70 1 0 32 71 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	PQCMITGKFWXOBO-GOXWLBPLSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C28H38O5/c1-15-12-22(32-25(31)18(15)14-29)16(2)19-7-8-20-17-13-24-28(33-24)10-5-6-23(30)27(28,4)21(17)9-11-26(19,20)3/h5-6,16-17,19-22,24,29H,7-14H2,1-4H3/t16-,17-,19+,20-,21-,22+,24+,26+,27-,28+/m0/s1
SMILES	CC1=C(CO)C(=O)O[C@H](C1)[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C[C@@H]4[C@@]5(CC=CC(=O)[C@]5(C)[C@H]3CC[C@]12C)O4

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	454.27	Volume:	474.911 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.957	LogP:	3.306 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	3.437 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-4.061 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	3.0	Rigid Bonds:	30.0
TPSA:	76.13 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	5.0
H-Bond Donor:	1.0	Rings:	6.0
Heavy Atoms:	5.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.506	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	5.653	Fsp³:	0.786
MCE-18:	138.32 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.428	Fluc inhibitor:	0.025 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.008 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.226	Promiscuous compounds:	0.796

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.216	MDCK Permeability:	-4.985
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.346	Pgp-substrate:	0.003
PAMPA:	0.013 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.001
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.011	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.423
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.923

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.005	MRP1:	0.231
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	95.838%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.0
Fu:	4.708% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.038
BSEP inhibitor:	0.988

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.365	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.003	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.018	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.942	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.999
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.993
HLM stability:	0.98 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

10.017

Half-life (T1/2):

0.985

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.043	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.207
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.539	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.235
AMES Toxicity:	0.511	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.19
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.406	Skin Sensitization:	0.994
Carcinogencity:	0.923	Eye Corrosion:	0.056
Eye Irritation:	0.789	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.525
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.073	Ototoxicity:	0.543
Hematotoxicity:	0.606	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.63
Genotoxicity:	0.745	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.061
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.051	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.403
BCF:	1.986 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	4.3 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.836 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	5.301 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO18304	Jaborosa integrifolia	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12027740]
NPO18304	Jaborosa integrifolia	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
CQ	1
CD	1
Ratio	2
Inhibition	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual protein	2
Organism	1
Others	2

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT440	Individual protein	Quinone oxidoreductase	Mus musculus	CQ	=	0.68	uM	PMID[12027740]
NPT440	Individual protein	Quinone oxidoreductase	Mus musculus	CD	=	0.29	uM	PMID[17939738]

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT776	Organism	Spodoptera littoralis	Spodoptera littoralis	Inhibition	=	74.0	%	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Ratio	=	6.3	n.a.	DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL1201861]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Ratio	=	2.7	n.a.	PMID[21970540]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC122056 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	17297
0.1-0.2	28095
0.2-0.3	4248
0.3-0.4	133
0.4-0.5	39
0.5-0.6	36
0.6-0.7	7
0.7-0.8	1
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.7391	Intermediate Similarity	NPC243065
0.7183	Intermediate Similarity	NPC140055
0.7183	Intermediate Similarity	NPC167606
0.6486	Remote Similarity	NPC709
0.6316	Remote Similarity	NPC470960
0.6267	Remote Similarity	NPC284915
0.6267	Remote Similarity	NPC268530
0.6216	Remote Similarity	NPC286528
0.6184	Remote Similarity	NPC154491
0.6154	Remote Similarity	NPC484712
0.5949	Remote Similarity	NPC20302
0.5802	Remote Similarity	NPC470494
0.5789	Remote Similarity	NPC147912
0.5733	Remote Similarity	NPC69291
0.5714	Remote Similarity	NPC50774
0.5714	Remote Similarity	NPC250312
0.5696	Remote Similarity	NPC159456
0.5696	Remote Similarity	NPC470495
0.5679	Remote Similarity	NPC166213
0.5679	Remote Similarity	NPC605398
0.5663	Remote Similarity	NPC120994
0.5641	Remote Similarity	NPC470265
0.56	Remote Similarity	NPC220155
0.5529	Remote Similarity	NPC3381
0.5488	Remote Similarity	NPC484714
0.5476	Remote Similarity	NPC204812
0.5465	Remote Similarity	NPC32868
0.5455	Remote Similarity	NPC67259
0.5455	Remote Similarity	NPC474315
0.5455	Remote Similarity	NPC91034
0.5366	Remote Similarity	NPC312824
0.5366	Remote Similarity	NPC264954
0.5357	Remote Similarity	NPC164523
0.5333	Remote Similarity	NPC231240
0.5294	Remote Similarity	NPC476960
0.525	Remote Similarity	NPC156797
0.525	Remote Similarity	NPC158285
0.5233	Remote Similarity	NPC203702
0.5181	Remote Similarity	NPC251226
0.5128	Remote Similarity	NPC285956
0.5122	Remote Similarity	NPC4021
0.5122	Remote Similarity	NPC474370
0.5119	Remote Similarity	NPC484736
0.5119	Remote Similarity	NPC601815
0.5119	Remote Similarity	NPC607008
0.5062	Remote Similarity	NPC230513

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC122056 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	6405
0.1-0.2	2589
0.2-0.3	155
0.3-0.4	0
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	1
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.7183	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7115	Discovery

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data