NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC270929

Natural Product ID	NPC270929
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	OGABYGZTMRAASL-UWCCFGPMSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms	24,25-Dihydrowithanolide D
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL517790
PubChem CID	23266167
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000258] Steroids and steroid derivatives [CHEMONTID:0001125] Steroid lactones [CHEMONTID:0001560] Withanolides and derivatives

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 74 79 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 6.9393 -0.5296 -0.9305 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2304 0.5813 -0.1905 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1292 0.0565 0.7114 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6727 -0.0480 2.1211 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9702 1.0478 0.6947 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2597 1.1512 -0.5761 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2866 1.3476 -1.5829 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6081 1.4856 -1.1856 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.3501 2.4090 -1.6676 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3372 0.1873 -1.1010 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2346 -0.4453 -0.4268 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4345 -1.2840 0.7796 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0616 -1.3394 1.4720 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8261 -0.8222 0.4344 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0207 0.3460 -0.1748 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0548 1.4005 0.8420 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7459 0.7473 -1.4138 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2100 1.0025 -1.2299 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8768 -0.1883 -0.5852 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1592 -0.3537 0.7667 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9850 -1.1939 1.6700 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2473 -0.4166 2.0060 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8851 0.2493 0.8708 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3404 -0.1145 -0.4750 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9611 0.8045 -1.5358 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9090 -1.4782 -0.7917 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1888 -2.3802 -1.2769 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3069 -1.7590 -0.5348 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.9781 -0.9211 0.2367 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3797 0.2816 0.8480 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.8999 1.4715 0.3294 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1733 1.0136 1.7620 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7928 0.7499 -2.2963 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1943 -0.9725 -1.6752 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6048 -0.5519 -1.9881 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.0201 -0.3972 -0.9352 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6896 -1.5297 -0.5119 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0170 1.1111 0.3991 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8618 -0.9481 0.3950 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0419 -0.7882 2.6713 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6914 -0.5052 2.0716 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6751 0.9128 2.6546 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5193 2.0441 0.8081 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3734 1.0323 1.6261 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7632 2.1762 -0.6011 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8453 -1.1959 -1.1997 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6918 -2.3578 0.5296 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1373 -0.9843 1.5289 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2270 -2.4080 1.6949 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0734 -0.8284 2.4287 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8849 -1.5710 -0.4016 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0047 1.8998 0.9954 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2962 1.0953 1.8721 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6744 2.2178 0.5564 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3151 1.6600 -1.8779 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6468 -0.0597 -2.1857 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4243 1.9174 -0.6400 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6383 1.1881 -2.2392 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5767 -1.0777 -1.2155 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1720 0.6927 1.1948 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2223 -2.1964 1.2895 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4151 -1.3196 2.6291 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7630 -0.6556 2.9417 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8086 1.8592 -1.3202 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5233 0.4711 -2.5166 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0414 0.5047 -1.6128 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.7916 -2.6412 -0.9687 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.0213 -1.1470 0.4174 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.7161 0.2734 1.9271 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.4379 2.2054 0.7727 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0237 1.6812 -2.4121 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7616 -1.3596 -2.6221 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2097 -0.6505 -1.8921 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1283 -1.8566 -0.9749 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 3 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 2 0 6 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 1 15 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 1 6 24 26 1 0 26 27 2 0 26 28 1 0 28 29 2 0 29 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 23 32 1 1 10 33 1 6 10 34 1 0 8 2 1 0 15 11 1 0 24 19 1 0 20 14 1 0 32 22 1 0 30 23 1 0 1 35 1 0 1 36 1 0 1 37 1 0 2 38 1 1 3 39 1 6 4 40 1 0 4 41 1 0 4 42 1 0 5 43 1 0 5 44 1 0 6 45 1 1 11 46 1 6 12 47 1 0 12 48 1 0 13 49 1 0 13 50 1 0 14 51 1 6 16 52 1 0 16 53 1 0 16 54 1 0 17 55 1 0 17 56 1 0 18 57 1 0 18 58 1 0 19 59 1 6 20 60 1 1 21 61 1 0 21 62 1 0 22 63 1 1 25 64 1 0 25 65 1 0 25 66 1 0 28 67 1 0 29 68 1 0 30 69 1 1 31 70 1 0 33 71 1 0 34 72 1 0 34 73 1 0 34 74 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	OGABYGZTMRAASL-UWCCFGPMSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C28H40O6/c1-14-12-22(33-24(31)15(14)2)27(5,32)19-7-6-17-16-13-23-28(34-23)21(30)9-8-20(29)26(28,4)18(16)10-11-25(17,19)3/h8-9,14-19,21-23,30,32H,6-7,10-13H2,1-5H3/t14-,15+,16-,17-,18-,19-,21-,22+,23+,25-,26-,27+,28+/m0/s1
SMILES	C[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](OC1=O)[C@@]([C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)CC[C@H]1[C@H]2C[C@@H]2[C@]3([C@]1(C)C(=O)C=C[C@@H]3O)O2)(O)C

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	472.28	Volume:	486.337 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.971	LogP:	2.934 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	3.12 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-4.385 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	2.0	Rigid Bonds:	30.0
TPSA:	96.36 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	6.0
H-Bond Donor:	2.0	Rings:	6.0
Heavy Atoms:	6.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.472	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	5.936	Fsp³:	0.857
MCE-18:	151.385 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.59	Fluc inhibitor:	0.092 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.011 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.205	Promiscuous compounds:	0.698

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.732	MDCK Permeability:	-4.612
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.313	Pgp-substrate:	0.009
PAMPA:	0.25 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.002
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.051	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.29
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.793

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.227	MRP1:	0.444
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	72.665%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.079
Fu:	26.863% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.087
BSEP inhibitor:	0.999

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.999	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.984	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.003	CYP3A4-substrate:	1.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	1.0
HLM stability:	0.999 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

8.95

Half-life (T1/2):

1.896

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.075	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.336
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.626	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.484
AMES Toxicity:	0.664	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.546
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.867	Skin Sensitization:	0.994
Carcinogencity:	0.983	Eye Corrosion:	0.022
Eye Irritation:	0.829	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.821
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.234	Ototoxicity:	0.46
Hematotoxicity:	0.241	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.837
Genotoxicity:	0.88	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.085
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.173	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.695
BCF:	1.556 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	4.211 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.675 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	5.233 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO13655	Physalis philadelphica	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12027740]
NPO13655	Physalis philadelphica	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO13655	Physalis philadelphica	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	Fruit	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO13655	Physalis philadelphica	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO13655	Physalis philadelphica	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO13655	Physalis philadelphica	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO13655	Physalis philadelphica	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
CQ	1
CD	1
Ratio	2

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual protein	2
Others	2

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT440	Individual protein	Quinone oxidoreductase	Mus musculus	CQ	=	3.8	uM	PMID[12027740]
NPT440	Individual protein	Quinone oxidoreductase	Mus musculus	CD	=	0.7	uM	PMID[25769817]

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Ratio	=	7.8	n.a.	PMID[15566301]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Ratio	=	1.4	n.a.	PubChem BioAssay data set

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC270929 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	19312
0.1-0.2	27048
0.2-0.3	3373
0.3-0.4	66
0.4-0.5	26
0.5-0.6	21
0.6-0.7	7
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	1
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.8235	Intermediate Similarity	NPC61520
0.7571	Intermediate Similarity	NPC609580
0.7083	Intermediate Similarity	NPC473274
0.6986	Remote Similarity	NPC329736
0.6986	Remote Similarity	NPC599946
0.6486	Remote Similarity	NPC30923
0.6486	Remote Similarity	NPC610236
0.6364	Remote Similarity	NPC67569
0.6125	Remote Similarity	NPC23786
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC286528
0.5844	Remote Similarity	NPC140055
0.5844	Remote Similarity	NPC167606
0.5696	Remote Similarity	NPC474370
0.5625	Remote Similarity	NPC153700
0.557	Remote Similarity	NPC293112
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC20302
0.5443	Remote Similarity	NPC486566
0.5432	Remote Similarity	NPC473253
0.5422	Remote Similarity	NPC470494
0.5309	Remote Similarity	NPC183580
0.5238	Remote Similarity	NPC470880
0.5181	Remote Similarity	NPC470492
0.5181	Remote Similarity	NPC8369
0.5181	Remote Similarity	NPC312824
0.5181	Remote Similarity	NPC264954
0.5176	Remote Similarity	NPC473593
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPC3381
0.5122	Remote Similarity	NPC473203
0.5122	Remote Similarity	NPC88326
0.506	Remote Similarity	NPC8374
0.506	Remote Similarity	NPC473256

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC270929 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	6569
0.1-0.2	2442
0.2-0.3	138
0.3-0.4	0
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	1
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.5844	Remote Similarity	NPD7115	Discovery

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data