NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC268530

Natural Product ID	NPC268530
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Viscosalactone B
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms	Viscosalactone B
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL1934584
PubChem CID	57403080
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000258] Steroids and steroid derivatives [CHEMONTID:0001125] Steroid lactones [CHEMONTID:0001560] Withanolides and derivatives

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 75 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 7.4932 -0.5866 1.9590 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5320 -0.4816 0.5525 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2094 -0.7596 -0.0415 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6051 0.1499 -0.7564 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2579 1.4583 -0.9630 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2765 -0.0670 -1.3956 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4247 -1.0509 -0.7311 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2826 -2.1816 -0.4491 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5200 -2.0260 0.1403 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.0632 -2.9381 0.8229 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6168 -0.7839 0.4384 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5512 0.1616 0.5688 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7614 1.6308 0.3847 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3447 2.2370 0.3220 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5228 1.0546 0.5132 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2667 -0.0427 -0.1939 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3290 0.3259 -1.6257 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4346 -1.3133 0.1168 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8167 -1.2928 -0.5184 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5972 -0.1759 0.0621 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9319 1.1696 0.0549 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6470 2.0359 1.0719 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1030 1.8209 1.1832 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7523 0.8116 0.4304 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9773 0.0190 -0.5550 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8109 0.8777 -1.8224 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5724 -1.2285 -0.9979 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9476 -1.9824 -1.7142 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9388 -1.6358 -0.6096 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.1292 -1.2423 0.8326 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0457 0.2604 0.8733 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.1455 0.7705 0.1535 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.4428 -1.5887 1.2075 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8860 2.2576 0.1243 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5215 -0.5803 1.6857 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.2855 -1.0891 2.2849 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.9152 0.5139 0.3301 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.2928 -1.2183 0.1713 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4134 2.0056 0.0004 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6850 2.1022 -1.6648 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2714 1.3656 -1.4077 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8769 0.8838 -1.7128 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5869 -0.5527 -2.3970 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7605 -1.5075 -1.5427 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1684 -1.8121 0.7147 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1895 0.1119 1.6588 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3656 1.9615 -0.4398 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2070 2.1060 1.3133 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1561 2.9666 1.1052 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2431 2.6756 -0.6911 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5344 0.7645 1.5883 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3494 1.1565 -1.9157 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0625 -0.5105 -2.3219 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3604 0.7175 -1.8679 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6221 -1.3350 1.2269 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1223 -2.2282 -0.1110 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7242 -1.3073 -1.6073 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2866 -2.2502 -0.1367 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7751 -0.4221 1.1438 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0373 1.7148 -0.9194 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3897 3.1040 0.8105 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1804 1.8666 2.0650 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5281 2.0881 2.1967 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9291 1.9501 -1.6067 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6806 0.6362 -2.5053 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9133 0.6098 -2.3785 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.1255 -2.7157 -0.7793 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.6416 -0.9997 -1.2038 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4185 -1.7239 1.5197 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2211 0.5614 1.9331 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.8329 1.3659 -0.5753 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.0799 -1.4749 0.4578 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0194 -1.5137 1.9793 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1268 0.3143 1.6164 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8069 -0.3816 2.5446 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 2 0 4 5 1 0 4 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 2 0 7 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 6 16 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 25 26 1 6 25 27 1 0 27 28 2 0 27 29 1 0 29 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 31 32 1 0 30 33 1 0 24 34 1 6 11 35 1 0 9 3 1 0 16 12 1 0 25 20 1 0 21 15 1 0 34 23 1 0 31 24 1 0 1 36 1 0 2 37 1 0 2 38 1 0 5 39 1 0 5 40 1 0 5 41 1 0 6 42 1 0 6 43 1 0 7 44 1 6 11 45 1 1 12 46 1 1 13 47 1 0 13 48 1 0 14 49 1 0 14 50 1 0 15 51 1 1 17 52 1 0 17 53 1 0 17 54 1 0 18 55 1 0 18 56 1 0 19 57 1 0 19 58 1 0 20 59 1 1 21 60 1 6 22 61 1 0 22 62 1 0 23 63 1 1 26 64 1 0 26 65 1 0 26 66 1 0 29 67 1 0 29 68 1 0 30 69 1 1 31 70 1 1 32 71 1 0 33 72 1 0 35 73 1 0 35 74 1 0 35 75 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	WVMINIQLCDVTLH-IVFYTCICSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C28H40O7/c1-13-9-21(34-25(33)16(13)12-29)14(2)17-5-6-18-15-10-23-28(35-23)24(32)20(30)11-22(31)27(28,4)19(15)7-8-26(17,18)3/h14-15,17-21,23-24,29-30,32H,5-12H2,1-4H3/t14-,15-,17+,18-,19-,20-,21+,23+,24-,26+,27-,28-/m0/s1
SMILES	OCC1=C(C)C[C@@H](OC1=O)[C@H]([C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)CC[C@H]1[C@H]2C[C@@H]2[C@]3([C@]1(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]([C@@H]3O)O)O2)C

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	488.28	Volume:	495.128 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.986	LogP:	2.549 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	2.952 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-4.001 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	3.0	Rigid Bonds:	30.0
TPSA:	116.59 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	7.0
H-Bond Donor:	3.0	Rings:	6.0
Heavy Atoms:	7.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.413	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	5.839	Fsp³:	0.857
MCE-18:	147.692 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.542	Fluc inhibitor:	0.008 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.006 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.169	Promiscuous compounds:	0.667

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.344	MDCK Permeability:	-5.035
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.2	Pgp-substrate:	0.013
PAMPA:	0.269 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.001
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.005	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.715
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.997

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.0	MRP1:	0.067
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	80.96%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.071
Fu:	19.734% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.311
BSEP inhibitor:	0.997

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.001	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.973	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.001	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.1	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.381	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.998
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.993
HLM stability:	0.989 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

7.236

Half-life (T1/2):

1.812

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.029	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.151
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.369	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.113
AMES Toxicity:	0.453	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.105
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.505	Skin Sensitization:	0.987
Carcinogencity:	0.905	Eye Corrosion:	0.002
Eye Irritation:	0.434	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.328
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.028	Ototoxicity:	0.806
Hematotoxicity:	0.355	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.731
Genotoxicity:	0.369	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.068
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.016	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.356
BCF:	1.523 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.819 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.55 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.753 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO14874	Physalis longifolia	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	aerial part	n.a.	PMID[22098611]
NPO14874	Physalis longifolia	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	aerial parts	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[22098611]
NPO14874	Physalis longifolia	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
FC	1
IC50	13

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual protein	1
Cell line	10
Non-molecular	3

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT4377	Individual protein	Heat shock 70 kDa protein 6	Homo sapiens	FC	=	0.0	n.a.	PMID[24625088]

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT169	Cell line	B16-F10	Mus musculus	IC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[22098611]
NPT170	Cell line	SK-MEL-28	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[22098611]
NPT165	Cell line	HeLa	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	40000.0	nM	PMID[28923386]
NPT81	Cell line	A549	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	40000.0	nM	PMID[28923386]
NPT83	Cell line	MCF7	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	40000.0	nM	PMID[28923386]
NPT189	Cell line	Vero	Chlorocebus aethiops	IC50	>	40000.0	nM	PMID[28923386]
NPT20529	Non-molecular	NON-PROTEIN TARGET	n.a.	IC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[22098611]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC268530 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	19130
0.1-0.2	26463
0.2-0.3	4110
0.3-0.4	97
0.4-0.5	26
0.5-0.6	18
0.6-0.7	7
0.7-0.8	1
0.8-0.85	1
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.8	Intermediate Similarity	NPC251226
0.7681	Intermediate Similarity	NPC284915
0.7571	Intermediate Similarity	NPC154491
0.7183	Intermediate Similarity	NPC140055
0.7183	Intermediate Similarity	NPC167606
0.6883	Remote Similarity	NPC120994
0.6757	Remote Similarity	NPC159456
0.6712	Remote Similarity	NPC709
0.6438	Remote Similarity	NPC243065
0.6267	Remote Similarity	NPC122056
0.6216	Remote Similarity	NPC286528
0.6173	Remote Similarity	NPC203702
0.5921	Remote Similarity	NPC50774
0.5897	Remote Similarity	NPC4021
0.5844	Remote Similarity	NPC470265
0.5789	Remote Similarity	NPC55296
0.575	Remote Similarity	NPC20302
0.561	Remote Similarity	NPC470494
0.5443	Remote Similarity	NPC230513
0.5366	Remote Similarity	NPC312824
0.5349	Remote Similarity	NPC3381
0.5325	Remote Similarity	NPC285956
0.5325	Remote Similarity	NPC69291
0.5316	Remote Similarity	NPC250312
0.5181	Remote Similarity	NPC264954
0.5165	Remote Similarity	NPC231240
0.5122	Remote Similarity	NPC474370
0.5063	Remote Similarity	NPC67259
0.5063	Remote Similarity	NPC474315
0.5063	Remote Similarity	NPC91034

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC268530 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	6780
0.1-0.2	2252
0.2-0.3	117
0.3-0.4	0
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	1
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.7183	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7115	Discovery

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data