Natural Product: NPC296734

Natural Product IDNPC296734
Common Name
?
The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
Chlorogenin
IUPAC Name n.a.
Synonyms Chlorogenin
Synthetic Gene Cluster n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier CHEMBL2047364
PubChem CID 12303065
Chemical Classification
  • CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]
    • [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules
      • [CHEMONTID:0000259] Prenol lipids
        • [CHEMONTID:0001553] Triterpenoids

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

  Chemical Representations

Standard InCHIKey PZNPHSFXILSZTM-JUGSJECZSA-N
Standard InCHI InChI=1S/C27H44O4/c1-15-5-10-27(30-14-15)16(2)24-23(31-27)13-20-18-12-22(29)21-11-17(28)6-8-25(21,3)19(18)7-9-26(20,24)4/h15-24,28-29H,5-14H2,1-4H3/t15-,16+,17+,18-,19+,20+,21-,22+,23+,24+,25-,26+,27-/m1/s1
SMILES C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@H](C)[C@H]3[C@H](C[C@H]4[C@@H]5C[C@@H]([C@H]6C[C@H](CC[C@]6(C)[C@H]5CC[C@]34C)O)O)O2)OC1

  Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:   432.32 Volume:   459.37
?
Van der Waals volume.
Dense:   0.941 LogP:   5.031
?
The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:   4.318
?
The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.
LogS:   -5.493
?
The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:   0.0 Rigid Bonds:   30.0
TPSA:   58.92
?
Topological Polar Surface Area.
H-Bond Acceptor:   4.0
H-Bond Donor:   2.0 Rings:   6.0
Heavy Atoms:   4.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:   0.579 GASA:   1.0
?
GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:   5.415 Fsp3:   1.0
MCE-18:   142.519
?
MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.
Lipinski Rule-of-5:   Rejected
Pfizer Rule:   Accepted GSK Rule:   Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:   Rejected BMS Rule:   0
Chelating Alert:   0 PAINS Alert:   0
Colloidal aggregators:   0.7 Fluc inhibitor:   0.0
?
The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:   0.13
?
The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Green fluorescence:   0.0
?
The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:   0.213 Promiscuous compounds:   0.243

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:   -5.258 MDCK Permeability:   -5.028
Pgp-inhibitor:   0.206 Pgp-substrate:   0.425
PAMPA:   0.711
?
The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):   0.0
20% Bioavailability (F20%):   0.319 30% Bioavailability (F30%):   0.279
50% Bioavailability (F50%):   0.99

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):   0.201 MRP1:   0.224
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):   80.107% Volume Distribution (VD):   0.09
Fu: 21.901%
?
The fraction unbound in plasms.
OATP1B1 inhibitor:   1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:   0.999 BCRP inhibitor:   0.961
BSEP inhibitor:   0.983

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:   0.0 CYP1A2-substrate:   0.039
CYP2C19-inhibitor:   0.019 CYP2C19-substrate:   0.007
CYP2C9-inhibitor:   0.0 CYP2C9-substrate:   0.006
CYP2D6-inhibitor:   0.0 CYP2D6-substrate:   0.469
CYP3A4-inhibitor:   1.0 CYP3A4-substrate:   1.0
CYP2B6-substrate:   0.0 CYP2C8-inhibitor:   0.996
HLM stability:   0.565
?
Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):  15.772 Half-life (T1/2):  2.068

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:  0.172 hERG Blockers (10um):  0.404
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):  0.603 Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):  0.698
AMES Toxicity:  0.416 Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:  0.36
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:  0.859 Skin Sensitization:  0.999
Carcinogencity:  0.865 Eye Corrosion:  0.14
Eye Irritation:  0.709 Respiratory Toxicity:  0.582
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:  0.077 Ototoxicity:  0.631
Hematotoxicity:  0.091 Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:  0.598
Genotoxicity:  0.013 RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:  0.107
A549 Cytotoxicity:  0.714 Hek293 Cytotoxicity:  0.861
BCF:   1.945
?
Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
IGC50:   3.69
?
48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:   4.956
?
48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50FM:   4.43
?
96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

  Species Source

Organism ID Organism Name Taxonomy Level Family SuperKingdom Isolation Part Collection Location Collection Time Reference
NPO19920 Yucca gloriosa Species Asparagaceae Eukaryota n.a. stem n.a. DOI[10.1016/0031-9422(89)80212-2]
NPO10574 Machilus thunbergii Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. bark n.a. PMID[11045899]
NPO21106 Isatis costata Species Brassicaceae Eukaryota n.a. whole plant n.a. PMID[17846565]
NPO10574 Machilus thunbergii Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. bark n.a. PMID[19555186]
NPO19108 Arthrinium sacchari Species Apiosporaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[21718054]
NPO22631 Actinopolyspora erythraea Species Actinopolysporaceae Bacteria n.a. mycelium n.a. PMID[21870828]
NPO40931 Solanum macaonense Species Solanaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[25036668]
NPO21735 Clausena anisum-olens Species Rutaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[28368606]
NPO21635 Pandalus borealis Species Pandalidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[3349210]
NPO22060 Hippomane mancinella Species Euphorbiaceae Eukaryota Latex n.a. n.a. PMID[6481361]
NPO20358 Streptomyces maritimus Species Streptomycetaceae Bacteria n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO20032 Prunus sibirica Species Rosaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO21106 Isatis costata Species Brassicaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO22631 Actinopolyspora erythraea Species Actinopolysporaceae Bacteria n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO22938 Genista hystrix Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO19380 Styela plicata Species Styelidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO22578 Speranskia tuberculata Species Euphorbiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO23056 Isaria japonica Species Cordycipitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO20677 Fraxinus angustifolia Species Oleaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO18197 Cadlina luteomarginata Species Chromodorididae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO22246 Aplidium longithorax Species Polyclinidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO7217 Plakobranchus ocellatus Species Placobranchidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO19108 Arthrinium sacchari Species Apiosporaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO14364 Alisma plantago-aquatica Species Alismataceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO20182 Euonymus pendulus Species Celastraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO22060 Hippomane mancinella Species Euphorbiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO25227 Senecio roseus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO20042 Ambrosia cumanensis Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO10574 Machilus thunbergii Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO22578 Speranskia tuberculata Species Euphorbiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO22060 Hippomane mancinella Species Euphorbiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO20952 Dioscorea cirrhosa Species Dioscoreaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO19070 Cassia dentata Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO10574 Machilus thunbergii Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO22578 Speranskia tuberculata Species Euphorbiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO10574 Machilus thunbergii Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO22060 Hippomane mancinella Species Euphorbiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO20952 Dioscorea cirrhosa Species Dioscoreaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO19070 Cassia dentata Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO19070 Cassia dentata Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO20032 Prunus sibirica Species Rosaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO21874 Cercospora melonis Species Mycosphaerellaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO21635 Pandalus borealis Species Pandalidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO5927 Cortinarius venetus Species Cortinariaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO14364 Alisma plantago-aquatica Species Alismataceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO22060 Hippomane mancinella Species Euphorbiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO15934 Rhododendron ponticum Species Ericaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO22453 Befaria racemosa n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO12005 Amomum zambesiacum Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO22631 Actinopolyspora erythraea Species Actinopolysporaceae Bacteria n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO14211 Acinetobacter junii Species Moraxellaceae Bacteria n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO21106 Isatis costata Species Brassicaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO17898 Buckiella undulata Species Hypnaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO22697 Licaria mahuba Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO22119 Echinops bannaticus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO20358 Streptomyces maritimus Species Streptomycetaceae Bacteria n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO22321 Euphorbia lamprocarpa Species Euphorbiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO19108 Arthrinium sacchari Species Apiosporaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO18197 Cadlina luteomarginata Species Chromodorididae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO23094 Pectinophora gossypiella Species Gelechiidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO22938 Genista hystrix Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO22993 Veronica hederifolia Species Plantaginaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO22187 Ostrea virginica Species Ostreidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO23133 Gypsophila patrini Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO23056 Isaria japonica Species Cordycipitaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO19693 Lobaria oregana Species Lobariaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO21246 Helichrysum anomalum Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO19380 Styela plicata Species Styelidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO27833 Xerotus discolor Species Tricholomataceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO7217 Plakobranchus ocellatus Species Placobranchidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO9972 Angostura granulosa Species Rutaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO20032 Prunus sibirica Species Rosaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO21997 Benzoin trilobum n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO10574 Machilus thunbergii Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO20952 Dioscorea cirrhosa Species Dioscoreaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO22246 Aplidium longithorax Species Polyclinidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO20677 Fraxinus angustifolia Species Oleaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO19070 Cassia dentata Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO17092 Viguiera dentata Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO20506 Batatas edulis n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO25227 Senecio roseus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO22881 Cryptotermes brevis Species Termitoidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO19920 Yucca gloriosa Species Asparagaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO23176 Schefflera bodinieri Species Araliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO22578 Speranskia tuberculata Species Euphorbiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO17819 Ferula transiliensis Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO23475 Psoralea acaulis Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO20042 Ambrosia cumanensis Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO21735 Clausena anisum-olens Species Rutaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO18568 Artemisia aucheri Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO20182 Euonymus pendulus Species Celastraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].



  NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID Organism Name Organism Material Preparation Organism Part NP Quantity (Standard) NP Quantity (Minimum) NP Quantity (Maximum) Quantity Unit Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].



 Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference
NPT20529 Non-molecular NON-PROTEIN TARGET n.a. IC50 > 50000.0 nM PMID[22575533]
NPT2 Others Unspecified n.a. IC50 = 6100.0 nM PMID[25036668]
NPT2 Others Unspecified n.a. IC50 > 10000.0 nM PMID[25036668]

In vivo activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference





 Experimental ADME

Experiment Model Experiment Tissue ADME Type ADME Relation ADME Value ADME Unit Reference





 Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model Experiment Organism Toxicity Type Toxicity Relation Toxicity Value Toxicity Unit Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Cardiotoxicity Respiratory Toxicity Eye Irritation Endocrine Disruption
Hepatotoxicity Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Cardiotoxicity Respiratory Toxicity Eye Irritation Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]


  Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC296734 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
●  The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Natural Product ID
0.7797 Intermediate Similarity NPC248944
0.7797 Intermediate Similarity NPC7479
0.7797 Intermediate Similarity NPC257296
0.7667 Intermediate Similarity NPC273290
0.7667 Intermediate Similarity NPC232044
0.7302 Intermediate Similarity NPC305808
0.6528 Remote Similarity NPC144790
0.6528 Remote Similarity NPC149400
0.6528 Remote Similarity NPC88962
0.6438 Remote Similarity NPC277715
0.6406 Remote Similarity NPC227260
0.6269 Remote Similarity NPC481427
0.6232 Remote Similarity NPC235126
0.6232 Remote Similarity NPC242419
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC161035
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC170438
0.5802 Remote Similarity NPC131693
0.5802 Remote Similarity NPC485591
0.5802 Remote Similarity NPC475436
0.5694 Remote Similarity NPC177818
0.5663 Remote Similarity NPC312678
0.5663 Remote Similarity NPC253268
0.5641 Remote Similarity NPC473774
0.5641 Remote Similarity NPC481418
0.5641 Remote Similarity NPC481419
0.5641 Remote Similarity NPC481417
0.557 Remote Similarity NPC24960
0.5522 Remote Similarity NPC24556
0.5443 Remote Similarity NPC481420
0.5443 Remote Similarity NPC481421
0.5405 Remote Similarity NPC486119
0.5341 Remote Similarity NPC485595
0.5139 Remote Similarity NPC187159
0.5116 Remote Similarity NPC473616
0.506 Remote Similarity NPC485594

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC296734 and all drugs/candidates.
●  The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Drug ID Developmental Stage
0.7797 Intermediate Similarity NPD6928 Phase 2

Bioactivity similarity

  Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
A: chemistry similarity;
B: biological targets similarity;
C: networks similarity;
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity
B: biological targets similarity
C: networks similarity
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity
E: similarity based on clinical data