NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC131466

Natural Product ID	NPC131466
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Ginsenoside R10
IUPAC Name	(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-3,12-dihydroxy-17-[(2S,5R)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyloxan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Synonyms	Ginsenoside R10
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL509099
PubChem CID	44584745
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000259] Prenol lipids [CHEMONTID:0002049] Terpene glycosides [CHEMONTID:0001580] Triterpene glycosides [CHEMONTID:0002358] Triterpene saponins

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 108113 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -4.5248 -2.4340 -0.8391 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7371 -2.3249 0.4482 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6474 -1.5262 1.4081 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6348 -3.6920 1.0515 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2942 -4.2626 1.2675 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1933 -3.2728 1.4148 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2240 -2.3937 0.1466 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2432 -3.3262 -1.0016 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0273 -1.6065 0.1888 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2229 -2.3644 -0.2588 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5098 -1.6053 -0.2745 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4624 -0.1782 -0.6248 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4677 0.7326 -0.0285 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8420 2.1153 -0.1759 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3504 1.8619 -0.4176 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2023 0.4577 -0.0130 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3263 0.4141 1.5122 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0067 -0.2747 -0.5287 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1338 -0.4163 -2.0111 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2426 0.4986 -0.2135 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5190 -0.3397 -0.4839 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4686 -1.5526 0.3473 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5505 0.5032 -0.0748 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2055 1.0992 -1.1435 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6713 0.9611 -1.2092 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.4686 1.9508 -0.3908 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9229 3.3359 -0.4752 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4257 3.2862 -0.3053 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0183 3.0018 1.1272 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6386 3.1483 1.2284 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8344 2.4250 -1.1749 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.1545 3.8570 -1.7614 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5472 1.5839 0.9566 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0776 1.1840 -2.5472 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8300 0.7721 -0.6257 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7713 1.1462 -2.1172 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6164 -0.4975 -0.5549 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0958 -0.1701 -0.2657 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0745 0.4303 1.1088 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2323 1.6752 1.0454 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4923 1.7590 2.3774 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2358 2.8463 1.0892 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4878 1.8516 -0.0479 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.3590 0.6696 1.5571 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3269 -2.3316 -1.1797 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3542 -4.6163 0.2521 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2685 -1.7375 -1.6205 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6318 -2.3177 -0.6479 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4827 -3.4700 -1.2885 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8950 -2.1490 2.3236 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6305 -1.3134 0.9723 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1211 -0.6531 1.8370 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1852 -3.7724 2.0406 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9954 -4.9965 0.4604 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2633 -4.9049 2.1999 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3677 -2.6377 2.3181 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2537 -3.7986 1.5386 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1624 -3.8563 -1.2154 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5001 -4.1478 -0.7569 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8703 -2.8990 -1.9528 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2052 -1.3432 1.2749 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3766 -3.2082 0.4801 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0459 -2.9227 -1.2273 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0321 -1.7073 0.7183 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3641 -0.0017 -1.7180 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5675 0.4621 1.0501 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8973 2.7048 0.7574 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2762 2.7266 -0.9613 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7216 2.5438 0.2209 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1520 2.1384 -1.4418 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9232 -0.4389 1.8638 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3423 0.5406 2.0003 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9088 1.3182 1.8672 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5545 0.5105 -2.4945 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8537 -1.2176 -2.3118 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8187 -0.5780 -2.5543 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2971 1.3414 -0.9250 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3009 0.8242 0.8293 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5485 -0.4082 -1.5597 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2952 -1.1425 1.4036 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7300 0.6934 -2.1224 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0905 -0.0339 -0.9598 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.5134 1.9038 -0.7998 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.4069 3.9759 0.2959 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0268 4.3222 -0.5932 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4533 3.8275 1.7380 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3313 2.0171 1.4562 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2530 3.5079 0.4007 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.5059 4.5947 -1.9452 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.4445 1.2345 1.1920 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4859 1.8725 -2.9457 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.7955 0.8653 -2.5120 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0762 0.5134 -2.6779 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6953 2.2181 -2.2937 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3152 -1.1365 0.2743 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6866 -1.0217 -1.5480 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.6476 -1.1145 -0.3117 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.4544 0.5762 -1.0170 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.5915 -0.3202 1.7810 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2112 2.1476 3.1585 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6580 2.4619 2.3596 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.2232 0.7440 2.7569 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.7745 3.7152 1.6115 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.1231 2.5741 1.6944 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5695 3.0713 0.0667 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.0058 0.2464 0.9364 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2053 -1.9106 -2.0491 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5991 -5.4152 0.7903 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 2 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 1 6 7 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 1 16 18 1 0 18 19 1 6 18 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 1 0 21 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 25 26 1 0 26 27 1 0 27 28 1 0 28 29 1 0 29 30 1 0 28 31 1 0 27 32 1 0 26 33 1 0 25 34 1 0 13 35 1 0 35 36 1 6 35 37 1 0 37 38 1 0 38 39 1 0 39 40 1 0 40 41 1 0 40 42 1 0 40 43 1 0 39 44 1 0 11 45 1 0 4 46 1 0 22 2 1 0 31 24 1 0 43 35 1 0 22 7 1 0 18 9 1 0 16 12 1 0 1 47 1 0 1 48 1 0 1 49 1 0 3 50 1 0 3 51 1 0 3 52 1 0 4 53 1 1 5 54 1 0 5 55 1 0 6 56 1 0 6 57 1 0 8 58 1 0 8 59 1 0 8 60 1 0 9 61 1 1 10 62 1 0 10 63 1 0 11 64 1 1 12 65 1 6 13 66 1 1 14 67 1 0 14 68 1 0 15 69 1 0 15 70 1 0 17 71 1 0 17 72 1 0 17 73 1 0 19 74 1 0 19 75 1 0 19 76 1 0 20 77 1 0 20 78 1 0 21 79 1 6 22 80 1 1 24 81 1 6 25 82 1 1 26 83 1 6 27 84 1 1 28 85 1 6 29 86 1 0 29 87 1 0 30 88 1 0 32 89 1 0 33 90 1 0 34 91 1 0 36 92 1 0 36 93 1 0 36 94 1 0 37 95 1 0 37 96 1 0 38 97 1 0 38 98 1 0 39 99 1 1 41100 1 0 41101 1 0 41102 1 0 42103 1 0 42104 1 0 42105 1 0 44106 1 0 45107 1 0 46108 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	CFOKFXFKMQABRM-JLXGCTMESA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C36H62O10/c1-31(2)23(39)10-12-33(5)22-15-19(38)25-18(36(8)14-11-24(40)32(3,4)46-36)9-13-34(25,6)35(22,7)16-20(29(31)33)44-30-28(43)27(42)26(41)21(17-37)45-30/h18-30,37-43H,9-17H2,1-8H3/t18-,19+,20-,21+,22+,23-,24+,25-,26+,27-,28+,29-,30+,33+,34+,35+,36-/m0/s1
SMILES	CC1(C)[C@H](CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C[C@H]([C@@H]4[C@H](CC[C@@]4(C)[C@]3(C)C[C@@H]([C@@H]12)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O1)O)O)O)[C@]1(C)CC[C@H](C(C)(C)O1)O)O)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	654.43	Volume:	667.775 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.98	LogP:	2.152 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	2.528 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-4.126 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	4.0	Rigid Bonds:	32.0
TPSA:	169.3 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	10.0
H-Bond Donor:	7.0	Rings:	6.0
Heavy Atoms:	10.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.224	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	5.616	Fsp³:	1.0
MCE-18:	134.75 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	1
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.732	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.011 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.181	Promiscuous compounds:	0.028

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-6.125	MDCK Permeability:	-5.11
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.002	Pgp-substrate:	0.917
PAMPA:	0.999 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.06
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.825	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.85
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	1.0

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.652	MRP1:	0.799
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	75.161%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.412
Fu:	19.105% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.093
BSEP inhibitor:	0.044

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.087	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.011
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.052	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.633
HLM stability:	0.021 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

3.864

Half-life (T1/2):

2.432

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.016	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.06
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.455	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.164
AMES Toxicity:	0.843	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.112
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.125	Skin Sensitization:	1.0
Carcinogencity:	0.409	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.021	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.109
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.005	Ototoxicity:	0.977
Hematotoxicity:	0.668	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.833
Genotoxicity:	0.362	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.175
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.851	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.61
BCF:	0.753 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.088 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.177 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	3.587 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO25128	Panax vietnamensis	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	Vietnamese	n.a.	PMID[11325227]
NPO25128	Panax vietnamensis	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO25128	Panax vietnamensis	Species	Araliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Inhibition	3
Activity	3
Survival	3

Activity Type	# Activity
Cell line	9

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Inhibition	=	37.6	%	PMID[17524651]
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Inhibition	=	17.8	%	PMID[17524651]
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Inhibition	=	28.0	%	PMID[17524651]
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Activity	=	16.0	%	PMID[17524651]
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Activity	=	7.6	%	PMID[17524651]
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Activity	=	12.0	%	DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL1201861]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Survival	=	41.1	%	PMID[19719247]
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Survival	=	35.2	%	PMID[20387902]
NPT993	Cell line	Hepatocyte	Mus musculus	Survival	=	38.3	%	PMID[20387902]

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC131466 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	21767
0.1-0.2	23690
0.2-0.3	4033
0.3-0.4	290
0.4-0.5	35
0.5-0.6	21
0.6-0.7	18
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.7733	Intermediate Similarity	NPC309425
0.7703	Intermediate Similarity	NPC82955
0.7632	Intermediate Similarity	NPC114874
0.7436	Intermediate Similarity	NPC274833
0.6951	Remote Similarity	NPC229801
0.6824	Remote Similarity	NPC127801
0.6824	Remote Similarity	NPC152584
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC136816
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC7341
0.6623	Remote Similarity	NPC140446
0.6582	Remote Similarity	NPC472989
0.6543	Remote Similarity	NPC472901
0.6517	Remote Similarity	NPC208594
0.6512	Remote Similarity	NPC307167
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPC47566
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPC472899
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPC472898
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPC129372
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPC609286
0.6129	Remote Similarity	NPC160816
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC210759
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC66654
0.5977	Remote Similarity	NPC473020
0.5895	Remote Similarity	NPC305418
0.5843	Remote Similarity	NPC472252
0.5843	Remote Similarity	NPC245280
0.5714	Remote Similarity	NPC160734
0.5714	Remote Similarity	NPC231340
0.5657	Remote Similarity	NPC6931
0.5604	Remote Similarity	NPC288694
0.5595	Remote Similarity	NPC43912
0.5581	Remote Similarity	NPC8431
0.5484	Remote Similarity	NPC16520
0.5484	Remote Similarity	NPC211879
0.5484	Remote Similarity	NPC189852
0.5484	Remote Similarity	NPC155010
0.5484	Remote Similarity	NPC601606
0.5361	Remote Similarity	NPC237071
0.5361	Remote Similarity	NPC238796
0.5109	Remote Similarity	NPC473199
0.5057	Remote Similarity	NPC31907
0.5052	Remote Similarity	NPC286969
0.5051	Remote Similarity	NPC203434

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC131466 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	7329
0.1-0.2	1760
0.2-0.3	58
0.3-0.4	3
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data