NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC272242

Natural Product ID	NPC272242
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Acanthosessilioside B
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms	Acanthosessilioside B
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL2063157
PubChem CID	60155052
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000259] Prenol lipids [CHEMONTID:0002049] Terpene glycosides [CHEMONTID:0001755] Diterpene glycosides

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 106111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 5.9668 -3.7636 4.0533 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3661 -3.5322 2.8172 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5699 -2.0532 2.4532 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0063 -1.8156 1.2828 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6056 -0.5835 0.8889 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5648 -0.7152 -0.0633 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6601 -0.3780 -1.4030 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8071 0.0780 -1.7150 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5690 -0.5201 -2.3934 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1234 -0.0712 -3.7219 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3241 1.4069 -3.4688 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3977 1.7667 -2.2829 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5055 0.5842 -2.2653 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6993 0.2726 -1.0861 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0979 -0.9684 -1.3492 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9557 -2.0992 -1.3225 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9732 -1.8885 -2.4161 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7092 -1.0930 -2.7089 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1804 -1.2503 -0.3447 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5422 -1.9903 0.8011 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2088 -2.2068 -0.9450 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3864 -2.3675 0.0431 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0150 -1.0606 0.0890 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0993 -0.0918 0.8403 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8636 0.0158 0.0340 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8638 0.9971 0.6277 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0236 1.4580 -0.5726 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4453 2.0386 1.2966 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9156 -0.4439 2.2783 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0130 1.0839 0.7969 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1128 1.8307 -0.4626 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0936 2.9576 -0.2349 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3709 3.7757 -1.1632 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7278 3.1531 0.9709 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.6528 4.2094 1.1967 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2467 0.5494 1.1310 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2876 -0.7921 0.7271 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3988 -0.8713 -0.3302 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6934 -1.7002 1.8525 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7475 3.0293 -2.7022 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7394 4.0573 -1.8831 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1107 3.1586 -4.0298 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3035 0.4226 1.9462 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8571 0.1886 3.2935 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1472 -1.2446 3.6329 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1257 -1.2536 4.6281 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9533 0.6586 4.2757 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6845 1.7296 1.5513 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4829 -4.6073 4.0663 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.8431 -4.1773 2.0529 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2864 -3.7183 2.9357 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6867 -1.9467 2.3642 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4573 -0.1613 0.2973 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0773 -0.5550 -3.9669 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3446 -0.2469 -4.4919 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3550 1.7061 -3.2862 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9942 1.9161 -4.4010 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0021 1.8874 -1.3613 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9350 0.6707 -3.2169 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4045 -0.0175 -0.2456 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4630 -3.0820 -1.5614 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5072 -2.1063 -0.3727 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8235 -2.5921 -2.1526 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6495 -2.2284 -3.4107 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0274 -2.1843 -2.7766 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5215 -0.4029 -2.9233 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0064 -1.0475 -3.5603 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3604 -1.4932 1.1978 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1787 -2.9695 0.3619 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2239 -2.3060 1.5908 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7314 -1.7242 -1.8275 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7998 -3.1893 -1.1719 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0861 -2.8470 0.9641 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0723 -3.0911 -0.4842 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0388 -0.6480 -0.9657 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1870 0.4773 -0.9474 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1703 0.4808 1.3353 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7405 2.1259 -0.1063 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6455 1.9633 -1.3090 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1059 2.2092 2.2012 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2401 -1.4682 2.5510 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8528 -0.2309 2.5967 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5106 0.2154 2.9842 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7840 1.8317 1.6142 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5365 1.2821 -1.3274 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1891 2.3210 -0.8067 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.1824 5.1896 1.2643 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.4812 4.1558 0.4561 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.1228 3.9943 2.1922 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9724 -1.1638 -1.3270 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.9153 0.0771 -0.4718 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.1405 -1.6452 -0.0852 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.7936 -1.9524 1.7960 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6011 -1.1948 2.8569 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1801 -2.6753 1.8246 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1892 4.0422 -0.8939 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2710 4.9942 -2.1629 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8014 3.5911 -4.7845 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2695 3.9135 -3.9706 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6553 2.2568 -4.4313 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1779 0.4882 2.0271 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.7975 0.7822 3.4665 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2406 -1.7006 4.1025 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9080 -0.6577 5.3682 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0957 0.9174 3.8847 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6501 1.8740 1.8048 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 9 7 1 1 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 15 18 1 6 15 19 1 0 19 20 1 1 19 21 1 0 21 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 25 26 1 0 26 27 1 0 26 28 1 0 24 29 1 1 24 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 31 32 1 0 32 33 2 0 32 34 1 0 34 35 1 0 30 36 1 0 36 37 1 0 37 38 1 0 37 39 1 0 12 40 1 0 40 41 2 0 40 42 1 0 5 43 1 0 43 44 1 0 44 45 1 0 45 46 1 0 44 47 1 0 43 48 1 0 45 3 1 0 17 9 1 0 25 19 1 0 13 9 1 0 27 14 1 0 37 23 1 0 1 49 1 0 2 50 1 0 2 51 1 0 3 52 1 6 5 53 1 6 10 54 1 0 10 55 1 0 11 56 1 0 11 57 1 0 12 58 1 1 13 59 1 6 14 60 1 1 16 61 1 0 16 62 1 0 17 63 1 0 17 64 1 0 18 65 1 0 18 66 1 0 18 67 1 0 20 68 1 0 20 69 1 0 20 70 1 0 21 71 1 0 21 72 1 0 22 73 1 0 22 74 1 0 23 75 1 6 25 76 1 6 26 77 1 1 27 78 1 0 27 79 1 0 28 80 1 0 29 81 1 0 29 82 1 0 29 83 1 0 30 84 1 1 31 85 1 0 31 86 1 0 35 87 1 0 35 88 1 0 35 89 1 0 38 90 1 0 38 91 1 0 38 92 1 0 39 93 1 0 39 94 1 0 39 95 1 0 41 96 1 0 41 97 1 0 42 98 1 0 42 99 1 0 42100 1 0 43101 1 1 44102 1 6 45103 1 1 46104 1 0 47105 1 0 48106 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	IXRYSFZKSCQFAA-BYRFBRAMSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C37H58O11/c1-18(2)19-9-12-37(32(44)47-31-29(43)28(42)27(41)22(17-38)46-31)14-13-34(5)20(26(19)37)15-21(39)30-35(34,6)11-10-23-33(3,4)48-24(36(23,30)7)16-25(40)45-8/h19-24,26-31,38-39,41-43H,1,9-17H2,2-8H3/t19-,20+,21+,22+,23-,24+,26+,27+,28-,29+,30-,31-,34+,35+,36+,37-/m0/s1
SMILES	OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@]23CC[C@H]([C@@H]3[C@@H]3[C@](CC2)(C)[C@]2(C)CC[C@@H]4[C@]([C@H]2[C@@H](C3)O)(C)[C@@H](CC(=O)OC)OC4(C)C)C(=C)C)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O)O)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	678.4	Volume:	685.952 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.989	LogP:	1.891 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	2.381 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-3.93 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	8.0	Rigid Bonds:	33.0
TPSA:	172.21 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	11.0
H-Bond Donor:	5.0	Rings:	6.0
Heavy Atoms:	11.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.207	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	5.726	Fsp³:	0.892
MCE-18:	128.914 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.968	Fluc inhibitor:	0.001 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.007 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.133	Promiscuous compounds:	0.176

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.485	MDCK Permeability:	-5.083
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.001	Pgp-substrate:	0.049
PAMPA:	0.479 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.003
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.034	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.975
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.976

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.574	MRP1:	0.972
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	79.867%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.252
Fu:	18.161% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.034
BSEP inhibitor:	0.061

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.618	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.001
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.998	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.985
HLM stability:	0.031 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

2.229

Half-life (T1/2):

2.886

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.028	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.086
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.727	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.41
AMES Toxicity:	0.62	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.039
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.12	Skin Sensitization:	0.998
Carcinogencity:	0.441	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.089	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.033
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.023	Ototoxicity:	0.985
Hematotoxicity:	0.372	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.936
Genotoxicity:	0.418	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.082
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.036	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.08
BCF:	0.549 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.605 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.561 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.605 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO30633	Acanthopanax sessiliflorus	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[22691179]
NPO30633	Acanthopanax sessiliflorus	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO30633	Acanthopanax sessiliflorus	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO30633	Acanthopanax sessiliflorus	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
IC50	8
Activity	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Cell line	9

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT393	Cell line	HCT-116	Homo sapiens	IC50	<	10000.0	nM	PMID[10091706]
NPT83	Cell line	MCF7	Homo sapiens	IC50	<	10000.0	nM	PMID[23181502]
NPT134	Cell line	SK-BR-3	Homo sapiens	IC50	<	10000.0	nM	PMID[17923494]
NPT146	Cell line	SK-OV-3	Homo sapiens	IC50	<	10000.0	nM	PMID[1919590]
NPT165	Cell line	HeLa	Homo sapiens	IC50	<	10000.0	nM	PMID[22044209]
NPT65	Cell line	HepG2	Homo sapiens	IC50	<	10000.0	nM	PMID[19223615]
NPT373	Cell line	SK-MEL-5	Homo sapiens	IC50	<	10000.0	nM	PMID[26465675]
NPT113	Cell line	RAW264.7	Mus musculus	IC50	=	20600.0	nM	PMID[12381121]
NPT113	Cell line	RAW264.7	Mus musculus	Activity	=	93.0	%	PMID[8864236]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC272242 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	20651
0.1-0.2	24906
0.2-0.3	3911
0.3-0.4	364
0.4-0.5	14
0.5-0.6	10
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	1
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.8148	Intermediate Similarity	NPC102619
0.5618	Remote Similarity	NPC473844
0.5532	Remote Similarity	NPC224414
0.5444	Remote Similarity	NPC240125
0.5444	Remote Similarity	NPC91583
0.5341	Remote Similarity	NPC253586
0.5269	Remote Similarity	NPC94919
0.5161	Remote Similarity	NPC604868
0.5146	Remote Similarity	NPC1876
0.51	Remote Similarity	NPC106760
0.5093	Remote Similarity	NPC469821

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC272242 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	7205
0.1-0.2	1889
0.2-0.3	54
0.3-0.4	2
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data