NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC264602

Natural Product ID	NPC264602
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	MPHGGQFQYOPNNY-RHQOKDMKSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL3581991
PubChem CID	n.a.
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000258] Steroids and steroid derivatives [CHEMONTID:0002321] Cycloartanols and derivatives

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 84 88 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 5.1737 1.9548 -1.4821 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.2198 0.6802 -0.8708 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4075 0.6981 0.1142 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6776 -0.6142 0.7606 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.7431 -1.6688 -0.1458 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.1249 -0.4898 1.3541 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.8164 -0.9437 1.9124 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5345 1.0028 -0.7308 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9402 0.4044 -0.1460 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7345 0.4600 -1.1065 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4682 0.1903 -0.2610 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3847 1.2784 0.8295 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0247 1.8298 0.8012 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7615 0.6774 0.1962 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1898 0.4382 -0.9700 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4296 1.7071 -1.7610 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3481 -0.6490 -1.8122 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6453 -1.2595 -1.4524 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6671 -0.4086 -0.8021 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1056 0.9283 -0.3415 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0340 1.6982 0.5338 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8521 0.9371 1.4917 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4631 -0.3181 0.9836 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9154 -0.8397 -0.2844 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9928 -0.2014 -1.5872 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1873 -2.3528 -0.2938 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6803 -2.5908 -0.2406 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3893 -1.7205 0.7033 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.3539 -2.1406 1.3529 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9788 -0.2927 0.9211 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5156 0.5106 -0.2120 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5557 0.2213 2.2251 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7977 -0.3826 1.2185 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8914 -0.7014 -2.0597 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6885 1.8707 -2.3375 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4660 -0.0890 -1.6046 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.3219 1.5234 0.8224 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5158 -1.6238 -0.7444 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.0080 0.0825 2.2768 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.7483 0.0531 0.6225 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.4862 -1.4982 1.5907 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1631 -0.1280 2.2315 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4251 -1.1905 2.8503 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.2177 -1.8978 1.7933 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.3603 1.9140 -1.0551 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7731 1.0327 0.7270 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0315 -0.6556 0.2353 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6993 1.3642 -1.6863 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6532 -0.8032 0.1289 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6731 0.8609 1.7982 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0570 2.1245 0.5888 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3408 1.8838 1.8834 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1505 2.7928 0.3303 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9415 1.3799 -2.7157 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4364 2.2614 -2.0802 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0750 2.4401 -1.2209 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3661 -1.5163 -1.9528 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4444 -0.2450 -2.8661 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4399 -2.2197 -0.8851 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0904 -1.6846 -2.4073 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0972 1.5015 -1.3206 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3963 2.4236 1.1226 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7204 2.3697 -0.0503 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6972 1.6040 1.8291 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2423 0.7959 2.4332 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2451 -1.1076 1.7713 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3508 0.8068 -1.7793 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0782 -0.8477 -2.5119 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6953 -2.7810 0.6063 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8009 -2.7987 -1.2266 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8254 -3.6497 0.0838 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.1112 -2.4845 -1.2470 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.6100 0.6861 0.0091 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0819 1.5282 -0.2849 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5168 -0.0334 -1.1833 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.7506 1.3025 2.1575 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.4804 -0.3800 2.4148 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8353 0.0182 3.0292 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9452 0.1257 2.2245 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0630 -1.0213 1.3512 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6881 -1.0672 1.1812 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6994 -1.6654 -1.5226 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2565 -0.5832 -2.9744 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9138 -0.8177 -2.4660 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 4 6 1 0 4 7 1 0 3 8 1 0 2 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 6 15 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 19 18 1 6 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 1 6 24 26 1 0 26 27 1 0 27 28 1 0 28 29 2 0 28 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 30 32 1 0 14 33 1 1 10 34 1 0 15 11 1 0 25 19 1 0 20 14 1 0 30 23 1 0 24 19 1 0 1 35 1 0 2 36 1 6 3 37 1 1 5 38 1 0 6 39 1 0 6 40 1 0 6 41 1 0 7 42 1 0 7 43 1 0 7 44 1 0 8 45 1 0 9 46 1 0 9 47 1 0 10 48 1 6 11 49 1 1 12 50 1 0 12 51 1 0 13 52 1 0 13 53 1 0 16 54 1 0 16 55 1 0 16 56 1 0 17 57 1 0 17 58 1 0 18 59 1 0 18 60 1 0 20 61 1 6 21 62 1 0 21 63 1 0 22 64 1 0 22 65 1 0 23 66 1 1 25 67 1 0 25 68 1 0 26 69 1 0 26 70 1 0 27 71 1 0 27 72 1 0 31 73 1 0 31 74 1 0 31 75 1 0 32 76 1 0 32 77 1 0 32 78 1 0 33 79 1 0 33 80 1 0 33 81 1 0 34 82 1 0 34 83 1 0 34 84 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	MPHGGQFQYOPNNY-RHQOKDMKSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C30H50O4/c1-18(16-20(31)24(33)26(4,5)34)19-10-12-28(7)22-9-8-21-25(2,3)23(32)11-13-29(21)17-30(22,29)15-14-27(19,28)6/h18-22,24,31,33-34H,8-17H2,1-7H3/t18-,19-,20-,21+,22+,24+,27-,28+,29-,30+/m1/s1
SMILES	O[C@@H]([C@@H](C(O)(C)C)O)C[C@H]([C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@]1(C)CC[C@@]13[C@H]2CC[C@@H]2[C@]3(C1)CCC(=O)C2(C)C)C)C

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	474.37	Volume:	517.178 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.917	LogP:	3.348 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	3.343 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-4.626 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	5.0	Rigid Bonds:	23.0
TPSA:	77.76 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	4.0
H-Bond Donor:	3.0	Rings:	5.0
Heavy Atoms:	4.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.491	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	5.713	Fsp³:	0.967
MCE-18:	143.051 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.893	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.003 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.356	Promiscuous compounds:	0.318

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.824	MDCK Permeability:	-4.788
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.017	Pgp-substrate:	0.006
PAMPA:	0.65 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.0
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.001	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.011
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.831

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.515	MRP1:	0.201
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	81.351%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.134
Fu:	25.565% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.951
BSEP inhibitor:	0.974

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.001	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.003
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.102	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.006
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.002
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.121
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.999	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.998
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.965
HLM stability:	0.163 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

11.425

Half-life (T1/2):

0.864

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.096	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.248
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.652	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.039
AMES Toxicity:	0.32	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.294
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.35	Skin Sensitization:	0.598
Carcinogencity:	0.798	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.1	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.364
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.051	Ototoxicity:	0.771
Hematotoxicity:	0.415	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.788
Genotoxicity:	0.913	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.049
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.11	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.377
BCF:	1.937 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	4.319 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.604 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	5.041 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO32573	dysoxylum gotadhora	Species	Meliaceae	Eukaryota	Leaves and Twigs	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25945867]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Inhibition	5
IC50	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Cell line	6

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT113	Cell line	RAW264.7	Mus musculus	Inhibition	=	23.8	%	PMID[1507204]
NPT113	Cell line	RAW264.7	Mus musculus	Inhibition	=	48.5	%	PMID[12190320]
NPT113	Cell line	RAW264.7	Mus musculus	Inhibition	=	79.1	%	DrugMatrix in vivo data: Hematology
NPT113	Cell line	RAW264.7	Mus musculus	IC50	=	27400.0	nM	DrugMatrix in vivo data: Hematology
NPT113	Cell line	RAW264.7	Mus musculus	Inhibition	=	17.9	%	DOI[10.1016/j.cropro.2006.02.001]
NPT113	Cell line	RAW264.7	Mus musculus	Inhibition	=	12.8	%	DOI[10.1016/j.cropro.2006.02.001]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC264602 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	22480
0.1-0.2	24902
0.2-0.3	2044
0.3-0.4	320
0.4-0.5	86
0.5-0.6	11
0.6-0.7	11
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.7692	Intermediate Similarity	NPC282275
0.6964	Remote Similarity	NPC479660
0.6909	Remote Similarity	NPC477858
0.6833	Remote Similarity	NPC476174
0.6481	Remote Similarity	NPC255650
0.6481	Remote Similarity	NPC477857
0.6364	Remote Similarity	NPC214770
0.6364	Remote Similarity	NPC107704
0.6364	Remote Similarity	NPC477856
0.6333	Remote Similarity	NPC472744
0.625	Remote Similarity	NPC474123
0.6129	Remote Similarity	NPC472745
0.5833	Remote Similarity	NPC474962
0.5781	Remote Similarity	NPC23217
0.5645	Remote Similarity	NPC16287
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC60350
0.5303	Remote Similarity	NPC160056
0.5254	Remote Similarity	NPC273366
0.5231	Remote Similarity	NPC90652
0.5231	Remote Similarity	NPC155255
0.5156	Remote Similarity	NPC484799
0.5082	Remote Similarity	NPC76518
0.5077	Remote Similarity	NPC476293

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC264602 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	7090
0.1-0.2	1964
0.2-0.3	96
0.3-0.4	0
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data