Natural Product: NPC471550

Natural Product IDNPC471550
Common Name
?
The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
2-O-Methyl 4A-O-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl] (2S,4Ar,6Ar,6As,6Br,8Ar,9R,10S,12Ar,14Bs)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-Methyloxan-2-Yl]Oxyoxan-2-Yl]Oxy-4,5-Dihydroxyoxan-2-Yl]Oxy-3,5-Dihydroxyoxan-2-Yl]Oxy-9-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,6A,6B,9,12A-Pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6A,7,8,8A,10,11,12,13,14B-Tetradecahydropicene-2,4A-Dicarboxylate
IUPAC Name 2-O-methyl 4a-O-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (2S,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-2,4a-dicarboxylate
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier CHEMBL256355
PubChem CID 44448291
Chemical Classification
  • CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]
    • [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules
      • [CHEMONTID:0000259] Prenol lipids
        • [CHEMONTID:0002049] Terpene glycosides
          • [CHEMONTID:0001580] Triterpene glycosides
            • [CHEMONTID:0002358] Triterpene saponins

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

  Chemical Representations

Standard InCHIKey NBNAOSJJHSGRFO-QBGVXYMISA-N
Standard InCHI InChI=1S/C59H94O28/c1-24-34(65)38(69)41(72)48(80-24)85-46-40(71)37(68)30(20-61)82-51(46)86-45-35(66)27(63)21-79-50(45)84-44-28(64)22-78-47(43(44)74)83-33-11-12-55(3)31(56(33,4)23-62)10-13-58(6)32(55)9-8-25-26-18-54(2,52(75)77-7)14-16-59(26,17-15-57(25,58)5)53(76)87-49-42(73)39(70)36(67)29(19-60)81-49/h8,24,26-51,60-74H,9-23H2,1-7H3/t24-,26-,27+,28+,29+,30+,31+,32+,33-,34-,35-,36+,37+,38+,39-,40-,41+,42+,43+,44-,45+,46+,47-,48-,49-,50-,51-,54-,55-,56-,57+,58+,59-/m0/s1
SMILES OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H](OC[C@H]([C@@H]2O)O)O[C@H]2[C@H](O)CO[C@H]([C@@H]2O)O[C@H]2CC[C@]3([C@H]([C@]2(C)CO)CC[C@@]2([C@@H]3CC=C3[C@@]2(C)CC[C@@]2([C@H]3C[C@](C)(CC2)C(=O)OC)C(=O)O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O)C)C)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O)O)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H](C)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]1O)O)O

  Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:   1250.59 Volume:   1181.672
?
Van der Waals volume.
Dense:   1.058 LogP:   -1.012
?
The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:   0.462
?
The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.
LogS:   -3.197
?
The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:   16.0 Rigid Bonds:   58.0
TPSA:   439.12
?
Topological Polar Surface Area.
H-Bond Acceptor:   28.0
H-Bond Donor:   15.0 Rings:   10.0
Heavy Atoms:   28.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:   0.045 GASA:   1.0
?
GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:   7.358 Fsp3:   0.932
MCE-18:   217.579
?
MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.
Lipinski Rule-of-5:   Accepted
Pfizer Rule:   Rejected GSK Rule:   Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:   Accepted BMS Rule:   1
Chelating Alert:   0 PAINS Alert:   0
Colloidal aggregators:   0.752 Fluc inhibitor:   0.0
?
The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:   0.005
?
The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Green fluorescence:   0.001
?
The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:   0.308 Promiscuous compounds:   0.078

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:   -6.763 MDCK Permeability:   -5.019
Pgp-inhibitor:   0.0 Pgp-substrate:   0.881
PAMPA:   1.0
?
The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):   0.313
20% Bioavailability (F20%):   0.37 30% Bioavailability (F30%):   0.992
50% Bioavailability (F50%):   1.0

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):   0.001 MRP1:   0.069
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):   57.609% Volume Distribution (VD):   -0.356
Fu: 31.481%
?
The fraction unbound in plasms.
OATP1B1 inhibitor:   1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:   1.0 BCRP inhibitor:   0.001
BSEP inhibitor:   0.0

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:   0.0 CYP1A2-substrate:   0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:   0.0 CYP2C19-substrate:   0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:   0.0 CYP2C9-substrate:   0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:   0.0 CYP2D6-substrate:   0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:   0.009 CYP3A4-substrate:   0.0
CYP2B6-substrate:   0.0 CYP2C8-inhibitor:   0.004
HLM stability:   0.0
?
Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):  -0.73 Half-life (T1/2):  3.998

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:  0.001 hERG Blockers (10um):  0.001
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):  0.789 Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):  0.849
AMES Toxicity:  0.95 Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:  0.0
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:  0.0 Skin Sensitization:  1.0
Carcinogencity:  0.022 Eye Corrosion:  0.0
Eye Irritation:  0.0 Respiratory Toxicity:  0.0
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:  0.0 Ototoxicity:  1.0
Hematotoxicity:  0.468 Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:  1.0
Genotoxicity:  0.149 RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:  0.251
A549 Cytotoxicity:  0.689 Hek293 Cytotoxicity:  0.172
BCF:   0.496
?
Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
IGC50:   3.32
?
48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:   4.971
?
48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50FM:   3.87
?
96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

  Species Source

Organism ID Organism Name Taxonomy Level Family SuperKingdom Isolation Part Collection Location Collection Time Reference
NPO17551 Phytolacca americana Species Phytolaccaceae Eukaryota roots n.a. n.a. PMID[18177012]
NPO17551 Phytolacca americana Species Phytolaccaceae Eukaryota Seeds n.a. n.a. PMID[26595875]
NPO17551 Phytolacca americana Species Phytolaccaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO17551 Phytolacca americana Species Phytolaccaceae Eukaryota Fruit n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO17551 Phytolacca americana Species Phytolaccaceae Eukaryota Shoot n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO17551 Phytolacca americana Species Phytolaccaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO17551 Phytolacca americana Species Phytolaccaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO17551 Phytolacca americana Species Phytolaccaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO17551 Phytolacca americana Species Phytolaccaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO17551 Phytolacca americana Species Phytolaccaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO17551 Phytolacca americana Species Phytolaccaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].



  NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID Organism Name Organism Material Preparation Organism Part NP Quantity (Standard) NP Quantity (Minimum) NP Quantity (Maximum) Quantity Unit Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].



 Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference
NPT668 Individual protein P-glycoprotein 1 Homo sapiens Activity = 94.0 % PMID[19901088]
NPT668 Individual protein P-glycoprotein 1 Homo sapiens Activity = 68.0 % PMID[16417306]
NPT668 Individual protein P-glycoprotein 1 Homo sapiens Activity = 93.0 % PubChem BioAssay data set

In vitro activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference
NPT81 Cell line A549 Homo sapiens Activity > 89.0 uM PMID[7783146]
NPT65 Cell line HepG2 Homo sapiens IC50 > 89000.0 nM PMID[23659371]
NPT1475 Cell line WI-38 VA13 Homo sapiens IC50 > 89000.0 nM PMID[17958396]
NPT1374 Cell line WI-38 Homo sapiens IC50 > 89000.0 nM Open TG-GATES in vivo data: Pathology

In vivo activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference





 Experimental ADME

Experiment Model Experiment Tissue ADME Type ADME Relation ADME Value ADME Unit Reference





 Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model Experiment Organism Toxicity Type Toxicity Relation Toxicity Value Toxicity Unit Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Cardiotoxicity Respiratory Toxicity Eye Irritation Endocrine Disruption
Hepatotoxicity Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Cardiotoxicity Respiratory Toxicity Eye Irritation Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]


  Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC471550 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
●  The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Natural Product ID
0.7143 Intermediate Similarity NPC475504
0.7027 Intermediate Similarity NPC309714
0.6964 Remote Similarity NPC480475
0.6937 Remote Similarity NPC112352
0.6818 Remote Similarity NPC473373
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPC293330
0.6577 Remote Similarity NPC475516
0.6562 Remote Similarity NPC298034
0.6562 Remote Similarity NPC71065
0.6555 Remote Similarity NPC481078
0.6525 Remote Similarity NPC486564
0.6429 Remote Similarity NPC139894
0.6404 Remote Similarity NPC469946
0.6393 Remote Similarity NPC76972
0.6393 Remote Similarity NPC469782
0.6393 Remote Similarity NPC204414
0.6357 Remote Similarity NPC202828
0.6357 Remote Similarity NPC119592
0.6341 Remote Similarity NPC79643
0.6271 Remote Similarity NPC297263
0.626 Remote Similarity NPC70809
0.624 Remote Similarity NPC123199
0.6218 Remote Similarity NPC486563
0.6198 Remote Similarity NPC480474
0.619 Remote Similarity NPC475160
0.619 Remote Similarity NPC473714
0.6186 Remote Similarity NPC63159
0.6174 Remote Similarity NPC295371
0.6154 Remote Similarity NPC160415
0.6129 Remote Similarity NPC475287
0.6121 Remote Similarity NPC473343
0.6116 Remote Similarity NPC481079
0.6111 Remote Similarity NPC135904
0.6107 Remote Similarity NPC305981
0.6102 Remote Similarity NPC46665
0.6066 Remote Similarity NPC480473
0.6063 Remote Similarity NPC100639
0.6061 Remote Similarity NPC261506
0.6061 Remote Similarity NPC4328
0.605 Remote Similarity NPC162574
0.6047 Remote Similarity NPC476068
0.6031 Remote Similarity NPC65105
0.6016 Remote Similarity NPC488560
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC313110
0.597 Remote Similarity NPC224381
0.5954 Remote Similarity NPC41061
0.5954 Remote Similarity NPC227551
0.5935 Remote Similarity NPC241909
0.5932 Remote Similarity NPC223301
0.5932 Remote Similarity NPC171544
0.5929 Remote Similarity NPC90856
0.5873 Remote Similarity NPC60557
0.5873 Remote Similarity NPC67857
0.5865 Remote Similarity NPC236638
0.5865 Remote Similarity NPC294453
0.5812 Remote Similarity NPC58448
0.5804 Remote Similarity NPC256798
0.5802 Remote Similarity NPC57484
0.5797 Remote Similarity NPC480422
0.5789 Remote Similarity NPC214484
0.576 Remote Similarity NPC31838
0.575 Remote Similarity NPC109588
0.5746 Remote Similarity NPC481081
0.5738 Remote Similarity NPC222580
0.5736 Remote Similarity NPC155410
0.5702 Remote Similarity NPC164389
0.5693 Remote Similarity NPC250247
0.5682 Remote Similarity NPC21691
0.568 Remote Similarity NPC187618
0.5678 Remote Similarity NPC150400
0.5652 Remote Similarity NPC189884
0.5652 Remote Similarity NPC138334
0.5645 Remote Similarity NPC114484
0.5635 Remote Similarity NPC36831
0.5625 Remote Similarity NPC268184
0.562 Remote Similarity NPC30735
0.5583 Remote Similarity NPC161674
0.5581 Remote Similarity NPC192600
0.5573 Remote Similarity NPC191827
0.5556 Remote Similarity NPC43550
0.5556 Remote Similarity NPC48499
0.5538 Remote Similarity NPC165204
0.5532 Remote Similarity NPC33012
0.5524 Remote Similarity NPC475368
0.5522 Remote Similarity NPC473452
0.5522 Remote Similarity NPC110633
0.552 Remote Similarity NPC114692
0.552 Remote Similarity NPC104372
0.552 Remote Similarity NPC276093
0.55 Remote Similarity NPC473884
0.5489 Remote Similarity NPC85154
0.5489 Remote Similarity NPC481080
0.5476 Remote Similarity NPC301449
0.5476 Remote Similarity NPC218954
0.5476 Remote Similarity NPC601290
0.5461 Remote Similarity NPC8524
0.5447 Remote Similarity NPC473401
0.5447 Remote Similarity NPC10607
0.544 Remote Similarity NPC95437
0.5433 Remote Similarity NPC295823
0.5433 Remote Similarity NPC174720
0.5433 Remote Similarity NPC475467
0.542 Remote Similarity NPC475899
0.5417 Remote Similarity NPC249848
0.5417 Remote Similarity NPC107966
0.5409 Remote Similarity NPC469777
0.5404 Remote Similarity NPC469772
0.5403 Remote Similarity NPC68175
0.5397 Remote Similarity NPC236657
0.5372 Remote Similarity NPC39211
0.536 Remote Similarity NPC131469
0.535 Remote Similarity NPC469778
0.5333 Remote Similarity NPC174679
0.5333 Remote Similarity NPC279554
0.5333 Remote Similarity NPC59804
0.5328 Remote Similarity NPC471547
0.5323 Remote Similarity NPC251768
0.5323 Remote Similarity NPC159309
0.5323 Remote Similarity NPC148603
0.5323 Remote Similarity NPC86222
0.5312 Remote Similarity NPC120116
0.529 Remote Similarity NPC136768
0.529 Remote Similarity NPC469775
0.529 Remote Similarity NPC477463
0.5287 Remote Similarity NPC469774
0.5286 Remote Similarity NPC220160
0.5285 Remote Similarity NPC192791
0.5283 Remote Similarity NPC100925
0.5271 Remote Similarity NPC187290
0.5259 Remote Similarity NPC4749
0.5259 Remote Similarity NPC128925
0.525 Remote Similarity NPC12288
0.5244 Remote Similarity NPC469773
0.5242 Remote Similarity NPC471548
0.5238 Remote Similarity NPC123796
0.5231 Remote Similarity NPC75287
0.5227 Remote Similarity NPC123522
0.5221 Remote Similarity NPC237191
0.5221 Remote Similarity NPC237503
0.521 Remote Similarity NPC78046
0.5207 Remote Similarity NPC235405
0.52 Remote Similarity NPC11551
0.5194 Remote Similarity NPC470477
0.5188 Remote Similarity NPC133818
0.5179 Remote Similarity NPC167383
0.5175 Remote Similarity NPC153673
0.5159 Remote Similarity NPC475591
0.5159 Remote Similarity NPC236870
0.5159 Remote Similarity NPC118440
0.5145 Remote Similarity NPC258617
0.5145 Remote Similarity NPC475514
0.5143 Remote Similarity NPC144644
0.5143 Remote Similarity NPC170407
0.5133 Remote Similarity NPC472268
0.513 Remote Similarity NPC68419
0.5126 Remote Similarity NPC204458
0.5116 Remote Similarity NPC324875
0.5116 Remote Similarity NPC292677
0.5109 Remote Similarity NPC484545
0.5105 Remote Similarity NPC102505
0.5105 Remote Similarity NPC488514
0.5103 Remote Similarity NPC477464
0.5083 Remote Similarity NPC29069
0.5081 Remote Similarity NPC263756
0.5079 Remote Similarity NPC173859
0.5077 Remote Similarity NPC80986
0.5075 Remote Similarity NPC470911
0.5072 Remote Similarity NPC286457
0.507 Remote Similarity NPC142151
0.5069 Remote Similarity NPC110385
0.5068 Remote Similarity NPC275225
0.5067 Remote Similarity NPC297950
0.5066 Remote Similarity NPC45606
0.5041 Remote Similarity NPC173583
0.5041 Remote Similarity NPC475208
0.5041 Remote Similarity NPC179434
0.5039 Remote Similarity NPC148417
0.5039 Remote Similarity NPC235438
0.5035 Remote Similarity NPC37860
0.5033 Remote Similarity NPC220838
0.503 Remote Similarity NPC295941

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC471550 and all drugs/candidates.
●  The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Drug ID Developmental Stage
NPD

Bioactivity similarity

  Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
A: chemistry similarity;
B: biological targets similarity;
C: networks similarity;
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity
B: biological targets similarity
C: networks similarity
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity
E: similarity based on clinical data