Structure

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:  633.21
Volume:  553.433
LogP:  -2.928
LogD:  -2.906
LogS:  -0.397
# Rotatable Bonds:  12
TPSA:  335.08
# H-Bond Aceptor:  20
# H-Bond Donor:  13
# Rings:  3
# Heavy Atoms:  20

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:  0.1
Synthetic Accessibility Score:  5.329
Fsp3:  0.913
Lipinski Rule-of-5:  Rejected
Pfizer Rule:  Accepted
GSK Rule:  Rejected
BMS Rule:  1
Golden Triangle Rule:  Rejected
Chelating Alert:  0
PAINS Alert:  0

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab2.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:  -6.874
MDCK Permeability:  0.00034931572736240923
Pgp-inhibitor:  0.0
Pgp-substrate:  0.999
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):  0.999
20% Bioavailability (F20%):  0.999
30% Bioavailability (F30%):  1.0

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):  0.364
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):  18.18827247619629%
Volume Distribution (VD):  0.207
Pgp-substrate:  64.84822082519531%

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:  0.001
CYP1A2-substrate:  0.004
CYP2C19-inhibitor:  0.011
CYP2C19-substrate:  0.037
CYP2C9-inhibitor:  0.0
CYP2C9-substrate:  0.008
CYP2D6-inhibitor:  0.0
CYP2D6-substrate:  0.032
CYP3A4-inhibitor:  0.01
CYP3A4-substrate:  0.0

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):  0.823
Half-life (T1/2):  0.764

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:  0.308
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):  0.259
Drug-inuced Liver Injury (DILI):  0.891
AMES Toxicity:  0.075
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:  0.0
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:  0.0
Skin Sensitization:  0.089
Carcinogencity:  0.002
Eye Corrosion:  0.003
Eye Irritation:  0.011
Respiratory Toxicity:  0.006

Download Data

Data Type Select
General Info & Identifiers & Properties  
Structure MOL file  
Source Organisms  
Biological Activities  
Similar NPs/Drugs  

  Natural Product: NPC188453

Natural Product ID:  NPC188453
Common Name*:   6'-Sialyllactose
IUPAC Name:   (2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]-2-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid
Synonyms:  
Standard InCHIKey:  TYALNJQZQRNQNQ-JLYOMPFMSA-N
Standard InCHI:  InChI=1S/C23H39NO19/c1-6(27)24-11-7(28)2-23(22(37)38,43-19(11)12(30)8(29)3-25)39-5-10-13(31)14(32)17(35)21(41-10)42-18-9(4-26)40-20(36)16(34)15(18)33/h7-21,25-26,28-36H,2-5H2,1H3,(H,24,27)(H,37,38)/t7-,8+,9+,10+,11+,12+,13-,14-,15+,16+,17+,18+,19+,20+,21-,23+/m0/s1
SMILES:  OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@](OC[C@H]2O[C@@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]2O)O)O)(C[C@@H]([C@H]1N=C(O)C)O)C(=O)O)O)O
Synthetic Gene Cluster:   n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier:   CHEMBL3764071
PubChem CID:   44611588
Chemical Classification**:  
  • CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]
    • [CHEMONTID:0004603] Organic oxygen compounds
      • [CHEMONTID:0000323] Organooxygen compounds
        • [CHEMONTID:0000011] Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
          • [CHEMONTID:0000215] Sugar acids and derivatives
            • [CHEMONTID:0001366] Sugar amino acids and derivatives
              • [CHEMONTID:0001697] Pyranoid amino acids and derivatives
                • [CHEMONTID:0001258] Neuraminic acids and derivatives
                  • [CHEMONTID:0003049] N-acylneuraminic acids and derivatives
                    • [CHEMONTID:0003048] N-acylneuraminic acids

*Note: the InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
**Note: the Chemical Classification was calculated by NPClassifier Version 1.5. Reference: PMID:34662515.

  Species Source

Organism ID Organism Name Taxonomy Level Family SuperKingdom Isolation Part Collection Location Collection Time Reference

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID NP ID Organism Material Preparation Organism Part NP Quantity (Standard) NP Quantity (Minimum) NP Quantity (Maximum) Quantity Unit Reference

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  Biological Activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference
NPT2 Others Unspecified Kd = 2100000.0 nM PMID[549923]
NPT2 Others Unspecified Kd > 500000.0 nM PMID[549923]
NPT27803 SINGLE PROTEIN Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 7 Homo sapiens IC50 = 25600000.0 nM PMID[549924]
NPT27803 SINGLE PROTEIN Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 7 Homo sapiens FC = 1.4 n.a. PMID[549924]
NPT27803 SINGLE PROTEIN Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 7 Homo sapiens Kd = 240000.0 nM PMID[549924]

☑ Note for Activity Records:
☉ The quantitative biological activities were primarily integrated from ChEMBL (Version-30) database and were also directly collected from PubMed literature. PubMed PMID was provided as the reference link for each activity record.

  Chemically structural similarity: I. Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes 4,3285 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules. Tc lies between [0, 1] where '1' indicates the highest similarity. What is Tanimoto coefficient

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC188453 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
●  The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Natural Product ID
1.0 High Similarity NPC42320
0.8817 High Similarity NPC292345
0.8 Intermediate Similarity NPC470283
0.798 Intermediate Similarity NPC208537
0.798 Intermediate Similarity NPC270005
0.7553 Intermediate Similarity NPC316807
0.7551 Intermediate Similarity NPC83839
0.75 Intermediate Similarity NPC470284
0.75 Intermediate Similarity NPC305261
0.7204 Intermediate Similarity NPC163812
0.7117 Intermediate Similarity NPC475918
0.71 Intermediate Similarity NPC125253
0.71 Intermediate Similarity NPC192025
0.71 Intermediate Similarity NPC253975
0.7021 Intermediate Similarity NPC225748
0.7021 Intermediate Similarity NPC169085
0.7021 Intermediate Similarity NPC206823
0.7021 Intermediate Similarity NPC9763
0.7021 Intermediate Similarity NPC39266
0.6979 Remote Similarity NPC477350
0.6939 Remote Similarity NPC318258
0.6931 Remote Similarity NPC476523
0.6907 Remote Similarity NPC476783
0.6907 Remote Similarity NPC476782
0.6907 Remote Similarity NPC216883
0.6907 Remote Similarity NPC476781
0.6903 Remote Similarity NPC137453
0.6882 Remote Similarity NPC223174
0.6882 Remote Similarity NPC285003
0.6882 Remote Similarity NPC241265
0.6882 Remote Similarity NPC327486
0.6882 Remote Similarity NPC327753
0.6869 Remote Similarity NPC471420
0.6847 Remote Similarity NPC227622
0.6837 Remote Similarity NPC477330
0.6837 Remote Similarity NPC477320
0.6837 Remote Similarity NPC477329
0.6837 Remote Similarity NPC475425
0.6837 Remote Similarity NPC477328
0.6837 Remote Similarity NPC113745
0.6837 Remote Similarity NPC477326
0.6837 Remote Similarity NPC477323
0.6837 Remote Similarity NPC477325
0.6837 Remote Similarity NPC281563
0.6837 Remote Similarity NPC146380
0.6837 Remote Similarity NPC109887
0.6774 Remote Similarity NPC250619
0.6774 Remote Similarity NPC97736
0.6774 Remote Similarity NPC50228
0.6768 Remote Similarity NPC146992
0.6768 Remote Similarity NPC294748
0.6768 Remote Similarity NPC477346
0.6768 Remote Similarity NPC477344
0.6768 Remote Similarity NPC158302
0.6768 Remote Similarity NPC85759
0.6768 Remote Similarity NPC22742
0.6744 Remote Similarity NPC235772
0.6744 Remote Similarity NPC280941
0.6731 Remote Similarity NPC470282
0.6718 Remote Similarity NPC243680
0.6718 Remote Similarity NPC200788
0.6702 Remote Similarity NPC211428
0.67 Remote Similarity NPC267592
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPC206601
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPC150557
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC307400
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC143421
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC476087
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC184915
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC224953
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC472200
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC475327
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC126685
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC123204
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC259294
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC44782
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC290012
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC89843
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC297768
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC472205
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC183888
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC269318
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC27289
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC475270
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC119583
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC477331
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC472201
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC169345
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC477319
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC238056
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC477347
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC475667
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC477317
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC472203
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC472202
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC186992
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC477318
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC472204
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC115013
0.6634 Remote Similarity NPC173328
0.6617 Remote Similarity NPC210729
0.6617 Remote Similarity NPC82931
0.6617 Remote Similarity NPC172365
0.6606 Remote Similarity NPC330590
0.6596 Remote Similarity NPC67099
0.6589 Remote Similarity NPC73829
0.6589 Remote Similarity NPC119794
0.6565 Remote Similarity NPC145899
0.6538 Remote Similarity NPC318142
0.6538 Remote Similarity NPC477072
0.6518 Remote Similarity NPC315036
0.6512 Remote Similarity NPC475472
0.6505 Remote Similarity NPC60849
0.6505 Remote Similarity NPC477332
0.6505 Remote Similarity NPC472352
0.6489 Remote Similarity NPC75318
0.6481 Remote Similarity NPC475603
0.6481 Remote Similarity NPC61894
0.6476 Remote Similarity NPC306838
0.6471 Remote Similarity NPC475892
0.6458 Remote Similarity NPC52268
0.6458 Remote Similarity NPC53760
0.6452 Remote Similarity NPC76881
0.6452 Remote Similarity NPC12040
0.6449 Remote Similarity NPC39290
0.6449 Remote Similarity NPC159369
0.6412 Remote Similarity NPC76999
0.6397 Remote Similarity NPC475584
0.6397 Remote Similarity NPC475152
0.6397 Remote Similarity NPC475394
0.6396 Remote Similarity NPC160066
0.6392 Remote Similarity NPC184550
0.6392 Remote Similarity NPC185419
0.6372 Remote Similarity NPC271207
0.6372 Remote Similarity NPC255175
0.6372 Remote Similarity NPC206711
0.6372 Remote Similarity NPC225978
0.6348 Remote Similarity NPC221148
0.6337 Remote Similarity NPC473984
0.633 Remote Similarity NPC328646
0.6327 Remote Similarity NPC291228
0.6327 Remote Similarity NPC308096
0.6311 Remote Similarity NPC271772
0.6311 Remote Similarity NPC36927
0.6296 Remote Similarity NPC265908
0.6296 Remote Similarity NPC180770
0.6296 Remote Similarity NPC302276
0.6283 Remote Similarity NPC474952
0.6277 Remote Similarity NPC471761
0.6277 Remote Similarity NPC190418
0.6277 Remote Similarity NPC471760
0.6273 Remote Similarity NPC315334
0.6262 Remote Similarity NPC43850
0.6262 Remote Similarity NPC123746
0.6262 Remote Similarity NPC477060
0.6262 Remote Similarity NPC314007
0.6262 Remote Similarity NPC314408
0.6239 Remote Similarity NPC201128
0.6237 Remote Similarity NPC325773
0.6204 Remote Similarity NPC162910
0.619 Remote Similarity NPC95478
0.619 Remote Similarity NPC155670
0.619 Remote Similarity NPC145748
0.6168 Remote Similarity NPC477728
0.6154 Remote Similarity NPC74035
0.6147 Remote Similarity NPC477729
0.6147 Remote Similarity NPC176381
0.6147 Remote Similarity NPC195969
0.6136 Remote Similarity NPC139585
0.6132 Remote Similarity NPC227051
0.6117 Remote Similarity NPC70574
0.6115 Remote Similarity NPC298469
0.6115 Remote Similarity NPC141669
0.6115 Remote Similarity NPC193579
0.6115 Remote Similarity NPC69176
0.6115 Remote Similarity NPC284625
0.6111 Remote Similarity NPC265699
0.6107 Remote Similarity NPC315387
0.6107 Remote Similarity NPC316205
0.6106 Remote Similarity NPC189629
0.6095 Remote Similarity NPC165119
0.6091 Remote Similarity NPC242503
0.6091 Remote Similarity NPC43074
0.6091 Remote Similarity NPC139782
0.6091 Remote Similarity NPC74672
0.6091 Remote Similarity NPC209047
0.6087 Remote Similarity NPC56298
0.6087 Remote Similarity NPC471628
0.6078 Remote Similarity NPC314968
0.6078 Remote Similarity NPC314772
0.6071 Remote Similarity NPC214821
0.6071 Remote Similarity NPC298067
0.6069 Remote Similarity NPC475599
0.6069 Remote Similarity NPC113620
0.6069 Remote Similarity NPC100612
0.6069 Remote Similarity NPC187497
0.6069 Remote Similarity NPC174336
0.605 Remote Similarity NPC59589
0.6048 Remote Similarity NPC313813
0.6038 Remote Similarity NPC38295

  Chemically structural similarity: II. Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC188453 and all drugs/candidates.
●  The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Drug ID Developmental Stage
0.8922 High Similarity NPD6941 Approved
0.8817 High Similarity NPD618 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.87 High Similarity NPD7140 Approved
0.87 High Similarity NPD7141 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.87 High Similarity NPD7139 Approved
0.8454 Intermediate Similarity NPD1446 Phase 3
0.8454 Intermediate Similarity NPD1447 Phase 3
0.8218 Intermediate Similarity NPD2255 Approved
0.767 Intermediate Similarity NPD6428 Approved
0.7426 Intermediate Similarity NPD3716 Discontinued
0.7374 Intermediate Similarity NPD619 Phase 3
0.7264 Intermediate Similarity NPD881 Approved
0.7091 Intermediate Similarity NPD8045 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7054 Intermediate Similarity NPD8307 Discontinued
0.6964 Remote Similarity NPD8393 Approved
0.6957 Remote Similarity NPD2690 Discontinued
0.6937 Remote Similarity NPD8275 Approved
0.6937 Remote Similarity NPD8276 Approved
0.6903 Remote Similarity NPD8140 Approved
0.6893 Remote Similarity NPD4759 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6882 Remote Similarity NPD9445 Approved
0.687 Remote Similarity NPD8087 Discontinued
0.6847 Remote Similarity NPD8085 Approved
0.6847 Remote Similarity NPD8086 Approved
0.6847 Remote Similarity NPD8138 Approved
0.6847 Remote Similarity NPD8083 Approved
0.6847 Remote Similarity NPD8084 Approved
0.6847 Remote Similarity NPD8082 Approved
0.6847 Remote Similarity NPD8139 Approved
0.6822 Remote Similarity NPD8394 Approved
0.6783 Remote Similarity NPD8305 Approved
0.6783 Remote Similarity NPD8306 Approved
0.6777 Remote Similarity NPD8345 Approved
0.6777 Remote Similarity NPD8347 Approved
0.6777 Remote Similarity NPD8346 Approved
0.6768 Remote Similarity NPD7329 Approved
0.6726 Remote Similarity NPD8081 Approved
0.6637 Remote Similarity NPD1407 Approved
0.6606 Remote Similarity NPD5377 Approved
0.6606 Remote Similarity NPD5378 Approved
0.6606 Remote Similarity NPD5381 Approved
0.6549 Remote Similarity NPD8300 Approved
0.6549 Remote Similarity NPD8301 Approved
0.6408 Remote Similarity NPD883 Phase 2
0.6408 Remote Similarity NPD882 Phase 2
0.6348 Remote Similarity NPD1449 Approved
0.6348 Remote Similarity NPD1450 Approved
0.6321 Remote Similarity NPD3200 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6262 Remote Similarity NPD3209 Approved
0.6262 Remote Similarity NPD3207 Approved
0.6262 Remote Similarity NPD3203 Approved
0.6262 Remote Similarity NPD3208 Approved
0.6262 Remote Similarity NPD3201 Approved
0.6262 Remote Similarity NPD3202 Approved
0.6239 Remote Similarity NPD5376 Approved
0.619 Remote Similarity NPD8274 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6162 Remote Similarity NPD3181 Approved
0.6147 Remote Similarity NPD5794 Approved
0.6147 Remote Similarity NPD5795 Approved
0.6147 Remote Similarity NPD5797 Approved
0.6147 Remote Similarity NPD5798 Approved
0.6147 Remote Similarity NPD5796 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6142 Remote Similarity NPD8080 Discontinued
0.6134 Remote Similarity NPD8174 Phase 2
0.6091 Remote Similarity NPD8522 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6087 Remote Similarity NPD4835 Approved
0.6087 Remote Similarity NPD4837 Approved
0.6087 Remote Similarity NPD4836 Approved
0.6087 Remote Similarity NPD4838 Approved
0.6078 Remote Similarity NPD9435 Approved
0.6078 Remote Similarity NPD3160 Suspended
0.6078 Remote Similarity NPD9434 Approved
0.6061 Remote Similarity NPD6704 Discontinued
0.6061 Remote Similarity NPD8390 Approved
0.6061 Remote Similarity NPD8392 Approved
0.6061 Remote Similarity NPD8391 Approved
0.6055 Remote Similarity NPD4264 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6018 Remote Similarity NPD7844 Discontinued
0.6 Remote Similarity NPD8137 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5979 Remote Similarity NPD897 Approved
0.5979 Remote Similarity NPD898 Approved
0.5979 Remote Similarity NPD896 Approved
0.5963 Remote Similarity NPD2698 Approved
0.5954 Remote Similarity NPD8448 Approved
0.5923 Remote Similarity NPD8342 Approved
0.5923 Remote Similarity NPD8299 Approved
0.5923 Remote Similarity NPD8340 Approved
0.5923 Remote Similarity NPD8341 Approved
0.592 Remote Similarity NPD6940 Discontinued
0.5913 Remote Similarity NPD4282 Approved
0.5902 Remote Similarity NPD6421 Discontinued
0.59 Remote Similarity NPD2256 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPD376 Approved
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPD2700 Approved
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPD11 Approved
0.5878 Remote Similarity NPD8451 Approved
0.5876 Remote Similarity NPD9032 Approved
0.5876 Remote Similarity NPD9030 Approved
0.5876 Remote Similarity NPD9031 Approved
0.5876 Remote Similarity NPD9033 Approved
0.584 Remote Similarity NPD7916 Approved
0.584 Remote Similarity NPD7915 Approved
0.5827 Remote Similarity NPD7641 Discontinued
0.58 Remote Similarity NPD9446 Approved
0.5794 Remote Similarity NPD7345 Approved
0.5769 Remote Similarity NPD4827 Approved
0.5769 Remote Similarity NPD4826 Approved
0.5769 Remote Similarity NPD4828 Approved
0.5758 Remote Similarity NPD4816 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5728 Remote Similarity NPD2257 Approved
0.5728 Remote Similarity NPD1453 Phase 1
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPD7917 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPD7918 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5686 Remote Similarity NPD67 Phase 2
0.5686 Remote Similarity NPD9034 Approved
0.5684 Remote Similarity NPD6123 Approved
0.568 Remote Similarity NPD6430 Approved
0.568 Remote Similarity NPD6429 Approved
0.5673 Remote Similarity NPD2689 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5612 Remote Similarity NPD8387 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5606 Remote Similarity NPD7829 Approved
0.5606 Remote Similarity NPD7830 Approved
0.5606 Remote Similarity NPD7642 Approved

  Bioactivity similarity: Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.

Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity
B: biological targets similarity
C: networks similarity
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity
E: similarity based on clinical data