NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC472598

Natural Product ID	NPC472598
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	QOCMJNYAMYAFJX-BPARTEKVSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL3580671
PubChem CID	n.a.
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000261] Phenylpropanoids and polyketides [CHEMONTID:0000334] Flavonoids [CHEMONTID:0000337] Flavans [CHEMONTID:0003646] 6-prenylated flavans [CHEMONTID:0003507] 6-prenylated flavanones

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 63 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -8.0110 -3.1276 0.1946 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.4483 -1.8089 0.0043 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.6381 -0.7416 -0.2908 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2607 -0.8662 -0.4348 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4347 0.1949 -0.7306 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0444 1.4403 -0.8863 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.4101 1.5661 -0.7439 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.2255 0.4979 -0.4481 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.5992 0.6203 -0.3042 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9603 0.0444 -0.8804 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5411 -1.3168 -0.3673 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0775 -1.3528 -0.1115 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4473 -2.4205 -0.2555 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3421 -0.1686 0.3075 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9915 1.0426 0.2476 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3019 1.0874 -0.2029 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3098 2.1800 0.6414 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0081 2.0982 1.0836 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6560 0.8972 1.1500 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0296 -0.2293 0.7564 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5869 -1.4511 0.8033 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0629 0.8403 1.6318 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0327 1.3243 0.6010 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4092 1.2529 1.1316 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6071 0.7985 2.3591 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5815 1.7054 0.3012 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6952 0.8667 -0.9265 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.8825 -0.5541 -0.5170 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9610 -1.2252 -0.8793 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0983 -2.6385 -0.4444 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.0025 -0.5493 -1.7090 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9201 0.5043 -0.5454 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6805 3.2598 1.4831 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.7798 -3.6838 0.8015 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.0331 -3.1204 0.7264 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.8764 -3.6996 -0.7278 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7959 -1.8507 -0.3102 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4014 2.2907 -1.1212 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.8428 2.5429 -0.8715 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10.1127 0.8566 -1.1585 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6574 0.1003 -1.9518 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0429 -1.4343 0.6382 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8638 -2.1290 -1.0204 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8129 3.1367 0.5976 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2500 -2.2397 1.3414 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0817 1.4292 2.5640 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2721 -0.2296 1.9360 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7368 2.3701 0.3499 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8062 0.4788 2.9875 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6188 0.7495 2.7394 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3918 2.7855 0.0713 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4764 1.6181 0.9151 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6080 1.1992 -1.5052 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8598 0.9875 -1.6373 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1112 -1.0141 0.0835 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.7279 -3.3260 -1.2459 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.5765 -2.7684 0.5106 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.1754 -2.9034 -0.2559 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5681 -0.1742 -2.6665 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.4299 0.3367 -1.1972 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.8497 -1.2469 -1.9175 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3587 1.0008 -1.1922 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2249 4.1665 1.4516 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 2 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 8 9 1 0 5 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 2 0 12 14 1 0 14 15 2 0 15 16 1 0 15 17 1 0 17 18 2 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 2 0 20 21 1 0 19 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 2 0 24 26 1 0 26 27 1 0 27 28 1 0 28 29 2 3 29 30 1 0 29 31 1 0 23 32 1 0 18 33 1 0 8 3 1 0 16 10 1 0 20 14 1 0 1 34 1 0 1 35 1 0 1 36 1 0 4 37 1 0 6 38 1 0 7 39 1 0 9 40 1 0 10 41 1 6 11 42 1 0 11 43 1 0 17 44 1 0 21 45 1 0 22 46 1 0 22 47 1 0 23 48 1 0 25 49 1 0 25 50 1 0 26 51 1 0 26 52 1 0 27 53 1 0 27 54 1 0 28 55 1 0 30 56 1 0 30 57 1 0 30 58 1 0 31 59 1 0 31 60 1 0 31 61 1 0 32 62 1 0 33 63 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	QOCMJNYAMYAFJX-BPARTEKVSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C26H30O7/c1-14(2)6-5-7-15(3)19(28)11-17-20(29)12-24-25(26(17)31)21(30)13-22(33-24)16-8-9-18(27)23(10-16)32-4/h6,8-10,12,19,22,27-29,31H,3,5,7,11,13H2,1-2,4H3/t19?,22-/m0/s1
SMILES	COc1cc(ccc1O)[C@@H]1CC(=O)c2c(O1)cc(c(c2O)CC(C(=C)CCC=C(C)C)O)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	454.2	Volume:	470.386 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.966	LogP:	4.6 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	3.443 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-5.233 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	8.0	Rigid Bonds:	20.0
TPSA:	116.45 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	7.0
H-Bond Donor:	4.0	Rings:	3.0
Heavy Atoms:	7.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.426	GASA:	0.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	3.877	Fsp³:	0.346
MCE-18:	68.514 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	1
Chelating Alert:	1	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.562	Fluc inhibitor:	0.389 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.364 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.624 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.101	Promiscuous compounds:	0.022

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.967	MDCK Permeability:	-4.698
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.977	Pgp-substrate:	0.003
PAMPA:	0.723 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.022
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.0	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.77
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	1.0

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.0	MRP1:	0.979
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	97.275%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.042
Fu:	2.288% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.961
BSEP inhibitor:	0.993

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.977	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.654
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.913	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.015
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.581	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.05	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.982
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.026	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.026
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.853
HLM stability:	0.989 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

6.964

Half-life (T1/2):

1.363

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.041	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.455
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.527	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.132
AMES Toxicity:	0.419	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.206
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.468	Skin Sensitization:	0.841
Carcinogencity:	0.438	Eye Corrosion:	0.002
Eye Irritation:	0.962	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.7
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.378	Ototoxicity:	0.611
Hematotoxicity:	0.156	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.607
Genotoxicity:	0.543	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.134
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.304	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.294
BCF:	1.754 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	4.415 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.973 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	5.284 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[17625893]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	Fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18293924]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[20192247]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	fruit	n.a.	PMID[21319773]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[22445674]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[23623680]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25735399]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	Fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[28322565]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	Fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[28968119]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
IC50	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Cell line	1

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT1970	Cell line	THP-1	Homo sapiens	IC50	<	6500.0	nM	PMID[22316168]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC472598 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	11923
0.1-0.2	31608
0.2-0.3	5419
0.3-0.4	761
0.4-0.5	96
0.5-0.6	32
0.6-0.7	15
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	1
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.8	Intermediate Similarity	NPC472629
0.7703	Intermediate Similarity	NPC195796
0.7324	Intermediate Similarity	NPC35038
0.6962	Remote Similarity	NPC474055
0.6707	Remote Similarity	NPC472635
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC472634
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPC27337
0.642	Remote Similarity	NPC472632
0.6375	Remote Similarity	NPC45849
0.6364	Remote Similarity	NPC213896
0.6329	Remote Similarity	NPC278778
0.6282	Remote Similarity	NPC470328
0.6282	Remote Similarity	NPC209614
0.6125	Remote Similarity	NPC226025
0.6076	Remote Similarity	NPC164272
0.6076	Remote Similarity	NPC470327
0.6026	Remote Similarity	NPC228504
0.6024	Remote Similarity	NPC287328
0.5976	Remote Similarity	NPC472626
0.5949	Remote Similarity	NPC64915
0.5904	Remote Similarity	NPC472624
0.5814	Remote Similarity	NPC321399
0.5802	Remote Similarity	NPC185276
0.5783	Remote Similarity	NPC488550
0.5732	Remote Similarity	NPC321779
0.5625	Remote Similarity	NPC290133
0.5616	Remote Similarity	NPC236637
0.5542	Remote Similarity	NPC298692
0.5479	Remote Similarity	NPC474836
0.5476	Remote Similarity	NPC488554
0.5476	Remote Similarity	NPC472630
0.5465	Remote Similarity	NPC488555
0.5465	Remote Similarity	NPC484418
0.5455	Remote Similarity	NPC125855
0.5443	Remote Similarity	NPC223787
0.5422	Remote Similarity	NPC261063
0.5412	Remote Similarity	NPC472631
0.5412	Remote Similarity	NPC488557
0.5357	Remote Similarity	NPC488558
0.5294	Remote Similarity	NPC472628
0.5263	Remote Similarity	NPC1089
0.5244	Remote Similarity	NPC479214
0.5238	Remote Similarity	NPC472627
0.5227	Remote Similarity	NPC471499
0.5119	Remote Similarity	NPC488556
0.5068	Remote Similarity	NPC486095
0.5063	Remote Similarity	NPC486094
0.5059	Remote Similarity	NPC22192
0.5057	Remote Similarity	NPC282009
0.5057	Remote Similarity	NPC210459

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC472598 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	3724
0.1-0.2	5316
0.2-0.3	96
0.3-0.4	12
0.4-0.5	2
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data