NPASS Compound

Structure

CID131568 OpenBabel06191715492D 31 33 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 1.7321 -3.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0000 -3.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3660 -3.3660 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1340 -2.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5981 -1.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4641 -1.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7321 -1.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4641 0.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0000 -1.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8660 -1.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7321 -1.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5981 1.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8660 1.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8660 -2.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8660 -1.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7321 0.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7321 -0.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5981 0.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5981 0.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7321 2.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0000 2.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8660 0.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8660 1.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8660 0.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8660 -2.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5981 1.5000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4641 -0.0000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7321 3.0000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0000 3.0000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7321 -3.0000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 14 2 0 0 0 0 2 14 1 0 0 0 0 3 25 1 0 0 0 0 4 25 1 0 0 0 0 5 6 2 0 0 0 0 5 7 1 0 0 0 0 6 8 1 0 0 0 0 7 16 2 0 0 0 0 8 18 2 0 0 0 0 9 10 1 0 0 0 0 10 25 1 0 0 0 0 11 15 1 0 0 0 0 11 17 1 0 0 0 0 12 19 2 0 0 0 0 12 20 1 0 0 0 0 13 21 1 0 0 0 0 13 22 1 0 0 0 0 14 15 1 0 0 0 0 15 9 1 6 0 0 0 16 18 1 0 0 0 0 17 19 1 0 0 0 0 17 24 2 0 0 0 0 18 26 1 0 0 0 0 19 27 1 0 0 0 0 20 23 2 0 0 0 0 20 28 1 0 0 0 0 21 23 1 0 0 0 0 21 29 2 0 0 0 0 22 16 1 6 0 0 0 22 31 1 0 0 0 0 23 24 1 0 0 0 0 24 31 1 0 0 0 0 25 30 1 0 0 0 0 M END $$$$

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	426.2
Volume:	446.936
LogP:	4.788
LogD:	3.39
LogS:	-3.969
# Rotatable Bonds:	7
TPSA:	107.22
# H-Bond Aceptor:	6
# H-Bond Donor:	4
# Rings:	3
# Heavy Atoms:	6

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.474
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	3.858
Fsp3:	0.4
Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Accepted
GSK Rule:	Rejected
BMS Rule:	1
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted
Chelating Alert:	0
PAINS Alert:	0

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab2.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.85
MDCK Permeability:	1.7104914149967954e-05
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.193
Pgp-substrate:	0.007
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.015
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.017
30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.017

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.017
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	97.63943481445312%
Volume Distribution (VD):	0.454
Pgp-substrate:	2.0740270614624023%

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.391
CYP1A2-substrate:	0.723
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.64
CYP2C19-substrate:	0.087
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.853
CYP2C9-substrate:	0.961
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.815
CYP2D6-substrate:	0.606
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.467
CYP3A4-substrate:	0.262

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):	10.42
Half-life (T1/2):	0.355

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.041
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.172
Drug-inuced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.778
AMES Toxicity:	0.049
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.868
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.927
Skin Sensitization:	0.827
Carcinogencity:	0.51
Eye Corrosion:	0.003
Eye Irritation:	0.901
Respiratory Toxicity:	0.929

Download Data

Data Type	Select
General Info & Identifiers & Properties
Structure MOL file
Source Organisms
Biological Activities
Similar NPs/Drugs

Natural Product: NPC131568

Natural Product ID:	NPC131568
*Common Name:**	Kushenol T
IUPAC Name:	(2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-[(2R)-5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylhexyl]-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
Synonyms:	Kushenol T
Standard InCHIKey:	PMFICSJNAUBMIQ-QRQCRPRQSA-N
Standard InCHI:	InChI=1S/C25H30O6/c1-14(2)15(9-10-25(3,4)30)11-17-19(27)12-20(28)23-21(29)13-22(31-24(17)23)16-7-5-6-8-18(16)26/h5-8,12,15,22,26-28,30H,1,9-11,13H2,2-4H3/t15-,22+/m1/s1
SMILES:	C=C(C)[C@H](CCC(C)(C)O)Cc1c(cc(c2C(=O)C[C@@H](c3ccccc3O)Oc12)O)O
Synthetic Gene Cluster:	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier:	CHEMBL509486
PubChem CID:	44563122
Chemical Classification:**	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000261] Phenylpropanoids and polyketides [CHEMONTID:0000334] Flavonoids [CHEMONTID:0000337] Flavans [CHEMONTID:0003642] 8-prenylated flavans [CHEMONTID:0003508] 8-prenylated flavanones

*Note: the InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
**Note: the Chemical Classification was calculated by NPClassifier Version 1.5. Reference: PMID:34662515.

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[10654410]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[10843587]
NPO20142	Embelia schimperi	Species	Primulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[11054840]
NPO18668	Asimina parviflora	Species	Annonaceae	Eukaryota	twigs	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[1453182]
NPO19667	Hypericum styphelioides	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	leaves	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15165152]
NPO19667	Hypericum styphelioides	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	leaf	n.a.	PMID[15165152]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15568770]
NPO18286	Lycogala epidendrum	Species	Enteridiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15911254]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[16392664]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	roots	Hualien Hsien, Taiwan	2003-JUL	PMID[16933887]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[16933887]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[17951038]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18175961]
NPO20879	Clerodendrum bungei	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18348535]
NPO18176	Ephedra sinica	Species	Ephedraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[18975262]
NPO3152	Morella rubra	Species	Myricaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19407970]
NPO3152	Morella rubra	Species	Myricaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	bark	n.a.	PMID[21553897]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24295087]
NPO18176	Ephedra sinica	Species	Ephedraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24333010]
NPO20598	Lythrum salicaria	Species	Lythraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24459770]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[27575476]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[30298740]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[9868163]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	Database[Article]
NPO12056	Chondrodendron tomentosum	Species	Menispermaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO21375	Euphorbia nematocypha	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO20598	Lythrum salicaria	Species	Lythraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO18286	Lycogala epidendrum	Species	Enteridiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO18176	Ephedra sinica	Species	Ephedraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO17334	Onopordum acanthium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO21170	Embelia parviflora	Species	Primulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO18668	Asimina parviflora	Species	Annonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20879	Clerodendrum bungei	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO3152	Morella rubra	Species	Myricaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO18286	Lycogala epidendrum	Species	Enteridiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO21170	Embelia parviflora	Species	Primulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20142	Embelia schimperi	Species	Primulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20680	Erythrina melanacantha	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO17334	Onopordum acanthium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO21375	Euphorbia nematocypha	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO18176	Ephedra sinica	Species	Ephedraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20489	Epilobium hirsutum	Species	Onagraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO12056	Chondrodendron tomentosum	Species	Menispermaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20598	Lythrum salicaria	Species	Lythraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO20680	Erythrina melanacantha	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO18176	Ephedra sinica	Species	Ephedraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO21170	Embelia parviflora	Species	Primulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO20598	Lythrum salicaria	Species	Lythraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO21375	Euphorbia nematocypha	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO17334	Onopordum acanthium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO18286	Lycogala epidendrum	Species	Enteridiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[Title]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO18176	Ephedra sinica	Species	Ephedraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO21170	Embelia parviflora	Species	Primulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO28202	Helichrysum tenuifolium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO3152	Morella rubra	Species	Myricaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19667	Hypericum styphelioides	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20879	Clerodendrum bungei	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20084	Atraphaxis spinosa	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18143	Dendronephthya griffini	Species	Nephtheidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20142	Embelia schimperi	Species	Primulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20598	Lythrum salicaria	Species	Lythraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO16569	Gymnocalycium schickendantzii	Species	Cactaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19995	Baccharis neglecta	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20421	Aplophyllum alberti-regelii	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20489	Epilobium hirsutum	Species	Onagraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO11523	Erysimum leptophyllum	Species	Brassicaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21375	Euphorbia nematocypha	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17849	Centaurea maculosa	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO28072	Theonella conica	Species	Theonellidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18176	Ephedra sinica	Species	Ephedraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20680	Erythrina melanacantha	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21243	Siphonaria capensis	Species	Siphonariidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO4051	Tricholoma columbetta	Species	Tricholomataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21108	Eria anomala	Species	Orchidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12313	Haplophyllum obtusifolium	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO13449	Syzygium polycephaloides	Species	Myrtaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO16141	Piper regnellii	Species	Piperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12056	Chondrodendron tomentosum	Species	Menispermaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21562	Diospyros assimilis	Species	Ebenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO14241	Planchonia grandis	Species	Asterolecaniidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17560	Pancratium sickenbergeri	Species	Amaryllidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17258	Rhinella marina	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18286	Lycogala epidendrum	Species	Enteridiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18866	Pteridium esculentum	Species	Dennstaedtiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19810	Myxococcus stipitatus	Species	Myxococcaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO9968	Shigella dysenteriae	Species	Enterobacteriaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21495	Abelia chinensis	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18668	Asimina parviflora	Species	Annonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20843	Monsonia senegalensis	Species	Geraniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20624	Simarouba glauca	Species	Simaroubaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17334	Onopordum acanthium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO27367	Latrunculia magnifica	Species	Latrunculiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18473	Plathymenia reticulata	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19036	Esenbeckia leiocarpa	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19511	Dolabella californica	Species	Aplysiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22961	Cordia leucocephala	Species	Cordiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22937	Vernonia fagifolia	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21631	Faramea salicifolia	Species	Rubiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21038	Lemaireocereus longispinus	Species	Cactaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19912	Vellozia nanuzae	Species	Velloziaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO5903	Conus mus	Species	Conidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	NP ID	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
IC50	2
Ki	1
Others	6

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual Protein	1
Others	8

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT740	Individual Protein	Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	36800.0	nM	PMID[483373]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified		Inhibition	=	3.2	%	PMID[483374]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified		Inhibition	=	54.8	%	PMID[483374]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified		Inhibition	=	95.4	%	PMID[483374]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified		Activity	=	35.0	%	PMID[483374]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified		Activity	=	84.9	%	PMID[483374]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified		Activity	=	89.2	%	PMID[483374]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified		IC50	=	12100.0	nM	PMID[483375]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified		Ki	=	10800.0	nM	PMID[483375]

☑ Note for Activity Records:
☉ The quantitative biological activities were primarily integrated from ChEMBL (Version-30) database and were also directly collected from PubMed literature. PubMed PMID was provided as the reference link for each activity record.

Chemically structural similarity: I. Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes 4,3285 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules. Tc lies between [0, 1] where '1' indicates the highest similarity. What is Tanimoto coefficient

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC131568 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	355
0.1-0.2	1423
0.2-0.3	3513
0.3-0.4	9298
0.4-0.5	9400
0.5-0.6	3578
0.6-0.7	5679
0.7-0.8	5500
0.8-0.85	2035
0.85-0.9	1148
0.9-0.95	551
0.95-1	217

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
1.0	High Similarity	NPC131579
0.9928	High Similarity	NPC107177
0.9928	High Similarity	NPC77794
0.9928	High Similarity	NPC278249
0.9928	High Similarity	NPC125894
0.9928	High Similarity	NPC127059
0.9928	High Similarity	NPC85162
0.9928	High Similarity	NPC81697
0.9928	High Similarity	NPC223812
0.9928	High Similarity	NPC214166
0.9928	High Similarity	NPC285630
0.9928	High Similarity	NPC478086
0.9928	High Similarity	NPC316816
0.9856	High Similarity	NPC235217
0.9856	High Similarity	NPC473014
0.9856	High Similarity	NPC473015
0.9856	High Similarity	NPC473013
0.9856	High Similarity	NPC209040
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC10937
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC167624
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC107572
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC194432
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC182852
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC1089
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC166934
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC125855
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC227579
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC220998
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC76372
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC306829
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC223500
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC32739
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC161506
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC265040
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC37496
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC328164
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC324134
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC228504
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC76338
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC78
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC166482
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC40833
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC148757
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC296917
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC64915
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC324436
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC177354
0.9855	High Similarity	NPC66515
0.9786	High Similarity	NPC176229
0.9786	High Similarity	NPC142405
0.9786	High Similarity	NPC67805
0.9786	High Similarity	NPC246948
0.9786	High Similarity	NPC301276
0.9786	High Similarity	NPC83357
0.9786	High Similarity	NPC88964
0.9786	High Similarity	NPC470647
0.9786	High Similarity	NPC111786
0.9786	High Similarity	NPC54577
0.9786	High Similarity	NPC195621
0.9786	High Similarity	NPC214774
0.9786	High Similarity	NPC312973
0.9786	High Similarity	NPC267375
0.9786	High Similarity	NPC20488
0.9786	High Similarity	NPC475052
0.9784	High Similarity	NPC143896
0.9784	High Similarity	NPC175504
0.9784	High Similarity	NPC149026
0.9784	High Similarity	NPC39329
0.9784	High Similarity	NPC310130
0.9784	High Similarity	NPC150408
0.9784	High Similarity	NPC75049
0.9784	High Similarity	NPC68104
0.9784	High Similarity	NPC91560
0.9784	High Similarity	NPC164980
0.9784	High Similarity	NPC169591
0.9784	High Similarity	NPC221432
0.9784	High Similarity	NPC257097
0.9784	High Similarity	NPC185276
0.9783	High Similarity	NPC96408
0.9783	High Similarity	NPC248372
0.9783	High Similarity	NPC4743
0.9783	High Similarity	NPC279650
0.9783	High Similarity	NPC312391
0.9783	High Similarity	NPC258630
0.9783	High Similarity	NPC213322
0.9783	High Similarity	NPC110038
0.9783	High Similarity	NPC324386
0.9783	High Similarity	NPC156190
0.9783	High Similarity	NPC17170
0.9783	High Similarity	NPC166689
0.9718	High Similarity	NPC473016
0.9716	High Similarity	NPC472627
0.9716	High Similarity	NPC283234
0.9716	High Similarity	NPC110303
0.9716	High Similarity	NPC296998
0.9716	High Similarity	NPC23728
0.9716	High Similarity	NPC473077
0.9714	High Similarity	NPC271288
0.9714	High Similarity	NPC197252
0.9714	High Similarity	NPC236766
0.9712	High Similarity	NPC147145
0.971	High Similarity	NPC129853
0.971	High Similarity	NPC110228
0.971	High Similarity	NPC76445
0.971	High Similarity	NPC188243
0.971	High Similarity	NPC6407
0.971	High Similarity	NPC284550
0.9648	High Similarity	NPC132592
0.9648	High Similarity	NPC161191
0.9648	High Similarity	NPC160821
0.9645	High Similarity	NPC470134
0.9645	High Similarity	NPC109183
0.9645	High Similarity	NPC476088
0.9645	High Similarity	NPC474161
0.9645	High Similarity	NPC477955
0.9645	High Similarity	NPC470131
0.9645	High Similarity	NPC473078
0.9645	High Similarity	NPC472629
0.9645	High Similarity	NPC470132
0.9645	High Similarity	NPC470133
0.9643	High Similarity	NPC18585
0.9643	High Similarity	NPC106985
0.9643	High Similarity	NPC166138
0.964	High Similarity	NPC282300
0.964	High Similarity	NPC3188
0.9638	High Similarity	NPC222342
0.9638	High Similarity	NPC20709
0.9638	High Similarity	NPC140890
0.9638	High Similarity	NPC265871
0.9638	High Similarity	NPC225153
0.9638	High Similarity	NPC274784
0.9638	High Similarity	NPC150648
0.9638	High Similarity	NPC329203
0.9638	High Similarity	NPC310135
0.958	High Similarity	NPC472628
0.958	High Similarity	NPC104236
0.958	High Similarity	NPC164205
0.9577	High Similarity	NPC300988
0.9577	High Similarity	NPC308200
0.9577	High Similarity	NPC10990
0.9574	High Similarity	NPC470890
0.9574	High Similarity	NPC87486
0.9574	High Similarity	NPC470136
0.9574	High Similarity	NPC319752
0.9574	High Similarity	NPC470135
0.9574	High Similarity	NPC124780
0.9574	High Similarity	NPC39045
0.9571	High Similarity	NPC11561
0.9571	High Similarity	NPC144499
0.9571	High Similarity	NPC226636
0.9568	High Similarity	NPC69769
0.9568	High Similarity	NPC241100
0.9568	High Similarity	NPC159275
0.9568	High Similarity	NPC150522
0.9565	High Similarity	NPC118813
0.9514	High Similarity	NPC471115
0.9514	High Similarity	NPC472633
0.9514	High Similarity	NPC29777
0.951	High Similarity	NPC145467
0.951	High Similarity	NPC189087
0.951	High Similarity	NPC321623
0.951	High Similarity	NPC39195
0.9507	High Similarity	NPC476153
0.9507	High Similarity	NPC187282
0.9507	High Similarity	NPC228779
0.9507	High Similarity	NPC215885
0.9507	High Similarity	NPC24136
0.9507	High Similarity	NPC2416
0.9507	High Similarity	NPC290133
0.9504	High Similarity	NPC471621
0.9504	High Similarity	NPC219915
0.9504	High Similarity	NPC38219
0.95	High Similarity	NPC147688
0.95	High Similarity	NPC118840
0.95	High Similarity	NPC103362
0.95	High Similarity	NPC156590
0.95	High Similarity	NPC110969
0.95	High Similarity	NPC205006
0.95	High Similarity	NPC64908
0.9496	High Similarity	NPC301217
0.9496	High Similarity	NPC11566
0.9496	High Similarity	NPC261234
0.9496	High Similarity	NPC220062
0.9496	High Similarity	NPC78913
0.9496	High Similarity	NPC96565
0.9496	High Similarity	NPC216978
0.9496	High Similarity	NPC303633
0.9496	High Similarity	NPC217186
0.9496	High Similarity	NPC55018
0.9496	High Similarity	NPC53181
0.9496	High Similarity	NPC18260
0.9496	High Similarity	NPC23257
0.9493	High Similarity	NPC12296
0.9493	High Similarity	NPC79943
0.9493	High Similarity	NPC243083
0.9493	High Similarity	NPC32441
0.9493	High Similarity	NPC13768
0.9493	High Similarity	NPC259685
0.9493	High Similarity	NPC287246
0.9493	High Similarity	NPC295261

Chemically structural similarity: II. Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC131568 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	318
0.1-0.2	915
0.2-0.3	1505
0.3-0.4	2523
0.4-0.5	1986
0.5-0.6	1187
0.6-0.7	489
0.7-0.8	172
0.8-0.85	34
0.85-0.9	15
0.9-0.95	6
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.9493	High Similarity	NPD1552	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.9493	High Similarity	NPD1550	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.9424	High Similarity	NPD1549	Phase 2
0.9301	High Similarity	NPD4378	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.9257	High Similarity	NPD8443	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.9189	High Similarity	NPD2393	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.9167	High Similarity	NPD7410	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.9054	High Similarity	NPD7411	Suspended
0.9007	High Similarity	NPD7075	Discontinued
0.9007	High Similarity	NPD2796	Approved
0.8986	High Similarity	NPD4380	Phase 2
0.8936	High Similarity	NPD1510	Phase 2
0.8933	High Similarity	NPD7096	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.8921	High Similarity	NPD1240	Approved
0.8867	High Similarity	NPD1934	Approved
0.8808	High Similarity	NPD7819	Suspended
0.8794	High Similarity	NPD1607	Approved
0.8742	High Similarity	NPD6801	Discontinued
0.8636	High Similarity	NPD4381	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.859	High Similarity	NPD6959	Discontinued
0.8581	High Similarity	NPD6799	Approved
0.8562	High Similarity	NPD7421	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.8544	High Similarity	NPD7852	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.85	High Similarity	NPD7804	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.8456	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1511	Approved
0.8452	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7768	Phase 2
0.8442	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2801	Approved
0.8428	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6166	Phase 2
0.8428	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6167	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.8428	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6168	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.8408	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5494	Approved
0.8403	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6651	Approved
0.838	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6859	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.8366	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6599	Discontinued
0.8344	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1512	Approved
0.8333	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3882	Suspended
0.8311	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2800	Approved
0.828	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3749	Approved
0.8255	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3750	Approved
0.8252	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4907	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.8243	Intermediate Similarity	NPD970	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.8231	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1551	Phase 2
0.8221	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7074	Phase 3
0.8182	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4419	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.817	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5403	Approved
0.8163	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2799	Discontinued
0.816	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7054	Approved
0.8153	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3817	Phase 2
0.8129	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1547	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.8121	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6559	Discontinued
0.8112	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4908	Phase 1
0.811	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7472	Approved
0.8108	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6099	Approved
0.8108	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6100	Approved
0.8108	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2935	Discontinued
0.8101	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4868	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.8098	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3818	Discontinued
0.8082	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5124	Phase 1
0.8082	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5123	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.8067	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1243	Approved
0.8061	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5953	Discontinued
0.8061	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6797	Phase 2
0.8052	Intermediate Similarity	NPD920	Approved
0.8049	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7286	Phase 2
0.8041	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7033	Discontinued
0.8039	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2533	Approved
0.8039	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2534	Approved
0.8039	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5401	Approved
0.8039	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2532	Approved
0.8037	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7473	Discontinued
0.8026	Intermediate Similarity	NPD643	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.8012	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7251	Discontinued
0.8	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1610	Phase 2
0.7964	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7808	Phase 3
0.7963	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6232	Discontinued
0.7962	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7615	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7939	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5844	Phase 1
0.7933	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2344	Approved
0.7922	Intermediate Similarity	NPD642	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7919	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4363	Phase 3
0.7919	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4360	Phase 2
0.7919	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3748	Approved
0.7902	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1203	Approved
0.7895	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6398	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7895	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1878	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7895	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4628	Phase 3
0.7877	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2313	Discontinued
0.7877	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3268	Approved
0.7862	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6832	Phase 2
0.7857	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4338	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7842	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1548	Phase 1
0.7812	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5402	Approved
0.78	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1509	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7778	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2797	Approved
0.7727	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2309	Approved
0.7724	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2798	Approved
0.7722	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3226	Approved
0.7697	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2346	Discontinued
0.7692	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7004	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7692	Intermediate Similarity	NPD9717	Approved
0.7687	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4625	Phase 3
0.767	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4361	Phase 2
0.767	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4362	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7669	Intermediate Similarity	NPD919	Approved
0.7651	Intermediate Similarity	NPD943	Approved
0.7633	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7993	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7628	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7390	Discontinued
0.7627	Intermediate Similarity	NPD8090	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7622	Intermediate Similarity	NPD422	Phase 1
0.761	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5808	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7597	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2654	Approved
0.7576	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1247	Approved
0.7574	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1729	Discontinued
0.7566	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4308	Phase 3
0.7534	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3266	Approved
0.7534	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3267	Approved
0.7533	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1613	Approved
0.7533	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1612	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.753	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5711	Approved
0.753	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5710	Approved
0.7517	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6798	Discontinued
0.7517	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6410	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7517	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4749	Approved
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7879	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7458	Discontinued
0.7485	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3926	Phase 2
0.7483	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1933	Approved
0.7466	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3225	Approved
0.7465	Intermediate Similarity	NPD9545	Approved
0.7448	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1608	Approved
0.7448	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3972	Approved
0.7446	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7584	Approved
0.7432	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2861	Phase 2
0.7425	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7229	Phase 3
0.7423	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1465	Phase 2
0.7419	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2424	Discontinued
0.7407	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5889	Approved
0.7407	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5890	Approved
0.7403	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7501	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7399	Intermediate Similarity	NPD8313	Approved
0.7399	Intermediate Similarity	NPD8312	Approved
0.7384	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6104	Discontinued
0.7383	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1529	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7375	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6980	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7368	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1899	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7368	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6355	Discontinued
0.7362	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7577	Discontinued
0.7357	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1241	Discontinued
0.7355	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2343	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7353	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3751	Discontinued
0.7346	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6585	Discontinued
0.7325	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7003	Approved
0.7324	Intermediate Similarity	NPD9493	Approved
0.7321	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3787	Discontinued
0.7317	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5761	Phase 2
0.7317	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5760	Phase 2
0.7315	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1530	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7303	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4307	Phase 2
0.7296	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7213	Phase 3
0.7296	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7212	Phase 2
0.7288	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4287	Approved
0.7285	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1296	Phase 2
0.7285	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3764	Approved
0.7278	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3887	Approved
0.7273	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4288	Approved
0.7273	Intermediate Similarity	NPD8434	Phase 2
0.7262	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7199	Phase 2
0.7261	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1652	Phase 2
0.726	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1201	Approved
0.7256	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6844	Discontinued
0.7255	Intermediate Similarity	NPD230	Phase 1
0.7251	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7893	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.725	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4661	Approved
0.725	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4662	Approved
0.7248	Intermediate Similarity	NPD1019	Discontinued
0.7244	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6005	Phase 3
0.7244	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6004	Phase 3
0.7244	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6003	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7244	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6002	Phase 3
0.7244	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6006	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7241	Intermediate Similarity	NPD17	Approved
0.7237	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6233	Phase 2
0.7235	Intermediate Similarity	NPD7784	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7235	Intermediate Similarity	NPD2403	Approved
0.7225	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3823	Discontinued
0.7219	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3027	Phase 3
0.7213	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6777	Approved
0.7213	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6780	Approved
0.7213	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6781	Approved
0.7213	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6778	Approved
0.7213	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6779	Approved
0.7213	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6776	Approved
0.7213	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6782	Approved
0.7212	Intermediate Similarity	NPD8455	Phase 2
0.7205	Intermediate Similarity	NPD5049	Phase 3
0.7205	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6273	Approved
0.719	Intermediate Similarity	NPD4060	Phase 1
0.719	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3142	Approved
0.719	Intermediate Similarity	NPD3140	Approved
0.7188	Intermediate Similarity	NPD6143	Clinical (unspecified phase)

Bioactivity similarity: Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.

Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data