NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC78

Natural Product ID	NPC78
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Leachianone G
IUPAC Name	(2S)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
Synonyms	Leachianone G
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL516930
PubChem CID	5275227
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000261] Phenylpropanoids and polyketides [CHEMONTID:0000334] Flavonoids [CHEMONTID:0000337] Flavans [CHEMONTID:0003642] 8-prenylated flavans [CHEMONTID:0003508] 8-prenylated flavanones

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 46 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 4.3469 1.8640 2.2007 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7700 1.5325 0.8583 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5882 0.9627 0.7259 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9454 0.6011 -0.5599 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6051 -0.8308 -0.6744 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6080 -1.7385 -0.9291 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2244 -3.0576 -1.0219 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9127 -3.4486 -0.8691 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0715 -2.4971 -0.6122 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4716 -2.8575 -0.4420 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7669 -4.0603 -0.2441 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5509 -1.8632 -0.4935 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0503 -0.4706 -0.7904 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9996 0.5175 -0.2791 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0254 0.9761 -1.0750 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9497 1.9061 -0.6475 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8511 2.4077 0.6363 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8329 1.9616 1.4460 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9174 1.0280 0.9957 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9223 0.6292 1.8691 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7829 3.3588 1.0967 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7325 -0.2685 -0.2584 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2730 -1.1746 -0.5131 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5384 -4.7772 -0.9645 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9403 -1.3873 -1.0895 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5759 1.8806 -0.3199 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4406 1.7085 2.1253 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9657 1.1204 2.9609 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0621 2.8513 2.5579 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0538 0.7475 1.6641 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7098 0.7924 -1.3656 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0823 1.2467 -0.7987 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9600 -3.8152 -1.2194 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2633 -2.1732 -1.2848 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1245 -1.8897 0.4685 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9633 -0.3656 -1.8963 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1257 0.5975 -2.0901 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7339 2.2289 -1.3171 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7897 2.3802 2.4489 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1136 -0.0431 2.6197 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5624 3.6184 0.5073 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2162 -5.0902 -1.8806 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3058 -1.1699 -1.9957 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9815 2.3526 -1.1510 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3489 2.6700 -0.0753 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1466 1.0381 -0.7567 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 3 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 2 0 10 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 2 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 2 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 2 0 19 20 1 0 17 21 1 0 13 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 8 24 1 0 6 25 1 0 2 26 1 0 23 5 1 0 23 9 2 0 19 14 1 0 1 27 1 0 1 28 1 0 1 29 1 0 3 30 1 0 4 31 1 0 4 32 1 0 7 33 1 0 12 34 1 0 12 35 1 0 13 36 1 6 15 37 1 0 16 38 1 0 18 39 1 0 20 40 1 0 21 41 1 0 24 42 1 0 25 43 1 0 26 44 1 0 26 45 1 0 26 46 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	VBOYLFNGTSLAAZ-SFHVURJKSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C20H20O6/c1-10(2)3-5-13-15(23)8-16(24)19-17(25)9-18(26-20(13)19)12-6-4-11(21)7-14(12)22/h3-4,6-8,18,21-24H,5,9H2,1-2H3/t18-/m0/s1
SMILES	CC(=CCc1c(cc(c2C(=O)C[C@@H](c3ccc(cc3O)O)Oc12)O)O)C

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	356.13	Volume:	360.456 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.988	LogP:	3.48 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	3.269 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-4.193 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	3.0	Rigid Bonds:	19.0
TPSA:	107.22 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	6.0
H-Bond Donor:	4.0	Rings:	3.0
Heavy Atoms:	6.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.624	GASA:	0.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	3.388	Fsp³:	0.25
MCE-18:	63.2 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Rejected
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	1
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.868	Fluc inhibitor:	0.857 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.629 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.493 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.416	Promiscuous compounds:	0.082

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.141	MDCK Permeability:	-4.807
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.434	Pgp-substrate:	0.191
PAMPA:	0.071 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.011
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.911	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.998
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	1.0

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.002	MRP1:	0.941
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	94.062%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.589
Fu:	6.119% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.966
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.96	BCRP inhibitor:	0.991
BSEP inhibitor:	0.306

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.263	CYP1A2-substrate:	1.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.758	CYP2C19-substrate:	1.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.024	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.024
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.579	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.703
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.001	CYP3A4-substrate:	1.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	1.0
HLM stability:	1.0 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

2.744

Half-life (T1/2):

1.962

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.045	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.489
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.771	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.43
AMES Toxicity:	0.74	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.875
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.84	Skin Sensitization:	0.983
Carcinogencity:	0.212	Eye Corrosion:	0.001
Eye Irritation:	0.964	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.979
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.61	Ototoxicity:	0.492
Hematotoxicity:	0.052	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.697
Genotoxicity:	0.995	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.16
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.902	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.81
BCF:	1.719 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	4.615 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.839 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	5.246 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO26992	Sophora leachiana	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/0031-9422(90)85209-X]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[10654410]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[10843587]
NPO20142	Embelia schimperi	Species	Primulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[11054840]
NPO18668	Asimina parviflora	Species	Annonaceae	Eukaryota	twigs	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[1453182]
NPO19667	Hypericum styphelioides	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	leaf	n.a.	PMID[15165152]
NPO19667	Hypericum styphelioides	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	leaves	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15165152]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15568770]
NPO18286	Lycogala epidendrum	Species	Enteridiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15911254]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[16392664]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	roots	Hualien Hsien, Taiwan	2003-JUL	PMID[16933887]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[16933887]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[17951038]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18175961]
NPO20879	Clerodendrum bungei	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18348535]
NPO18176	Ephedra sinica	Species	Ephedraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[18975262]
NPO11451	Lespedeza cyrtobotrya	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19102656]
NPO3152	Morella rubra	Species	Myricaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19407970]
NPO3152	Morella rubra	Species	Myricaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	bark	n.a.	PMID[21553897]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24295087]
NPO18176	Ephedra sinica	Species	Ephedraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24333010]
NPO20598	Lythrum salicaria	Species	Lythraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24459770]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[27575476]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[30298740]
NPO20879	Clerodendrum bungei	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[34142352]
NPO20489	Epilobium hirsutum	Species	Onagraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[36670952]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[9868163]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	Database[Article]
NPO21495	Abelia chinensis	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20421	Aplophyllum alberti-regelii	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO18668	Asimina parviflora	Species	Annonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20084	Atraphaxis spinosa	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19995	Baccharis neglecta	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO17849	Centaurea maculosa	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO12056	Chondrodendron tomentosum	Species	Menispermaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20879	Clerodendrum bungei	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO5903	Conus mus	Species	Conidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO22961	Cordia leucocephala	Species	Cordiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO18143	Dendronephthya griffini	Species	Nephtheidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21562	Diospyros assimilis	Species	Ebenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19511	Dolabella californica	Species	Aplysiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21170	Embelia parviflora	Species	Primulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20142	Embelia schimperi	Species	Primulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO18176	Ephedra sinica	Species	Ephedraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20489	Epilobium hirsutum	Species	Onagraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21108	Eria anomala	Species	Orchidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO11523	Erysimum leptophyllum	Species	Brassicaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20680	Erythrina melanacantha	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19036	Esenbeckia leiocarpa	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21375	Euphorbia nematocypha	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21631	Faramea salicifolia	Species	Rubiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO16569	Gymnocalycium schickendantzii	Species	Cactaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO12313	Haplophyllum obtusifolium	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO28202	Helichrysum tenuifolium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19667	Hypericum styphelioides	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO27367	Latrunculia magnifica	Species	Latrunculiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21038	Lemaireocereus longispinus	Species	Cactaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO18286	Lycogala epidendrum	Species	Enteridiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20598	Lythrum salicaria	Species	Lythraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20843	Monsonia senegalensis	Species	Geraniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO3152	Morella rubra	Species	Myricaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19810	Myxococcus stipitatus	Species	Myxococcaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO17334	Onopordum acanthium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO17560	Pancratium sickenbergeri	Species	Amaryllidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO16141	Piper regnellii	Species	Piperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO14241	Planchonia grandis	Species	Asterolecaniidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO18473	Plathymenia reticulata	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO18866	Pteridium esculentum	Species	Dennstaedtiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO17258	Rhinella marina	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO9968	Shigella dysenteriae	Species	Enterobacteriaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20624	Simarouba glauca	Species	Simaroubaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21243	Siphonaria capensis	Species	Siphonariidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO13449	Syzygium polycephaloides	Species	Myrtaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO28072	Theonella conica	Species	Theonellidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO4051	Tricholoma columbetta	Species	Tricholomataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19912	Vellozia nanuzae	Species	Velloziaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO22937	Vernonia fagifolia	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO11451	Lespedeza cyrtobotrya	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO26992	Sophora leachiana	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO10080	Teucrium betonicum	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO18176	Ephedra sinica	Species	Ephedraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO17334	Onopordum acanthium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO21170	Embelia parviflora	Species	Primulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO11451	Lespedeza cyrtobotrya	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO21375	Euphorbia nematocypha	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO20598	Lythrum salicaria	Species	Lythraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO26992	Sophora leachiana	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO12056	Chondrodendron tomentosum	Species	Menispermaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO18286	Lycogala epidendrum	Species	Enteridiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO17334	Onopordum acanthium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO18176	Ephedra sinica	Species	Ephedraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20598	Lythrum salicaria	Species	Lythraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO18668	Asimina parviflora	Species	Annonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO3152	Morella rubra	Species	Myricaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO18286	Lycogala epidendrum	Species	Enteridiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO21375	Euphorbia nematocypha	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20489	Epilobium hirsutum	Species	Onagraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO26992	Sophora leachiana	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20142	Embelia schimperi	Species	Primulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20680	Erythrina melanacantha	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO11451	Lespedeza cyrtobotrya	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20879	Clerodendrum bungei	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO21170	Embelia parviflora	Species	Primulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO12056	Chondrodendron tomentosum	Species	Menispermaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO20680	Erythrina melanacantha	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO18176	Ephedra sinica	Species	Ephedraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO20598	Lythrum salicaria	Species	Lythraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO21170	Embelia parviflora	Species	Primulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO21375	Euphorbia nematocypha	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO17334	Onopordum acanthium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO18286	Lycogala epidendrum	Species	Enteridiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[Title]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO18176	Ephedra sinica	Species	Ephedraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO18473	Plathymenia reticulata	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21631	Faramea salicifolia	Species	Rubiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21170	Embelia parviflora	Species	Primulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20084	Atraphaxis spinosa	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO16569	Gymnocalycium schickendantzii	Species	Cactaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20489	Epilobium hirsutum	Species	Onagraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17849	Centaurea maculosa	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20680	Erythrina melanacantha	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO4051	Tricholoma columbetta	Species	Tricholomataceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12313	Haplophyllum obtusifolium	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21562	Diospyros assimilis	Species	Ebenaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18286	Lycogala epidendrum	Species	Enteridiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO9968	Shigella dysenteriae	Species	Enterobacteriaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21495	Abelia chinensis	Species	Caprifoliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17334	Onopordum acanthium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19511	Dolabella californica	Species	Aplysiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO5903	Conus mus	Species	Conidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO3152	Morella rubra	Species	Myricaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20879	Clerodendrum bungei	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20142	Embelia schimperi	Species	Primulaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20421	Aplophyllum alberti-regelii	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21375	Euphorbia nematocypha	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21243	Siphonaria capensis	Species	Siphonariidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21108	Eria anomala	Species	Orchidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO11451	Lespedeza cyrtobotrya	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO16141	Piper regnellii	Species	Piperaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17560	Pancratium sickenbergeri	Species	Amaryllidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19810	Myxococcus stipitatus	Species	Myxococcaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20843	Monsonia senegalensis	Species	Geraniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19036	Esenbeckia leiocarpa	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21038	Lemaireocereus longispinus	Species	Cactaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO28202	Helichrysum tenuifolium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19667	Hypericum styphelioides	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18143	Dendronephthya griffini	Species	Nephtheidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO10080	Teucrium betonicum	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19995	Baccharis neglecta	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO11523	Erysimum leptophyllum	Species	Brassicaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO28072	Theonella conica	Species	Theonellidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO13449	Syzygium polycephaloides	Species	Myrtaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO14241	Planchonia grandis	Species	Asterolecaniidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18866	Pteridium esculentum	Species	Dennstaedtiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18668	Asimina parviflora	Species	Annonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO27367	Latrunculia magnifica	Species	Latrunculiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22961	Cordia leucocephala	Species	Cordiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO22937	Vernonia fagifolia	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20598	Lythrum salicaria	Species	Lythraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18176	Ephedra sinica	Species	Ephedraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12056	Chondrodendron tomentosum	Species	Menispermaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17258	Rhinella marina	Species	Bufonidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20624	Simarouba glauca	Species	Simaroubaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19912	Vellozia nanuzae	Species	Velloziaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO26992	Sophora leachiana	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
MIC	2
Inhibition	3
Activity	3
Ratio	1
Survival	5

Activity Type	# Activity
Organism	2
Others	6
Non-molecular	6

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT79	Organism	Bacillus subtilis	Bacillus subtilis	MIC	=	2.5	ug.mL-1	PMID[10654410]
NPT20529	Non-molecular	NON-PROTEIN TARGET	n.a.	Ratio	=	0.8	n.a.	PMID[27584977]
NPT16	Organism	Staphylococcus aureus	Staphylococcus aureus	MIC	=	5.0	ug.mL-1	PMID[10654410]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Inhibition	=	25.3	%	PMID[10654410]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Inhibition	=	80.5	%	PMID[10654410]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Inhibition	=	89.9	%	PMID[10654410]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Activity	=	74.2	%	PMID[10654410]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Activity	=	84.8	%	PMID[10654410]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Activity	=	94.5	%	PMID[10654410]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT20529	Non-molecular	NON-PROTEIN TARGET	n.a.	Survival	=	97.0	%	PMID[27584977]
NPT20529	Non-molecular	NON-PROTEIN TARGET	n.a.	Survival	=	100.0	%	PMID[27584977]
NPT20529	Non-molecular	NON-PROTEIN TARGET	n.a.	Survival	=	87.0	%	PMID[27584977]
NPT20529	Non-molecular	NON-PROTEIN TARGET	n.a.	Survival	=	93.0	%	PMID[27584977]

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC78 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	14885
0.1-0.2	29389
0.2-0.3	4730
0.3-0.4	607
0.4-0.5	156
0.5-0.6	54
0.6-0.7	15
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	3
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	1

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
1.0	High Similarity	NPC324436
0.8182	Intermediate Similarity	NPC107572
0.8182	Intermediate Similarity	NPC306829
0.8182	Intermediate Similarity	NPC32739
0.7759	Intermediate Similarity	NPC285555
0.7544	Intermediate Similarity	NPC91560
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC485620
0.7368	Intermediate Similarity	NPC76372
0.7368	Intermediate Similarity	NPC37496
0.7333	Intermediate Similarity	NPC485610
0.7333	Intermediate Similarity	NPC182852
0.7288	Intermediate Similarity	NPC66515
0.7258	Intermediate Similarity	NPC278249
0.7258	Intermediate Similarity	NPC223812
0.7213	Intermediate Similarity	NPC10990
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC300988
0.7119	Intermediate Similarity	NPC148757
0.6935	Remote Similarity	NPC161506
0.6923	Remote Similarity	NPC485617
0.6875	Remote Similarity	NPC166934
0.6774	Remote Similarity	NPC291878
0.6769	Remote Similarity	NPC328164
0.6721	Remote Similarity	NPC480990
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC36217
0.6615	Remote Similarity	NPC131579
0.6615	Remote Similarity	NPC485613
0.6613	Remote Similarity	NPC223500
0.6567	Remote Similarity	NPC214774
0.6441	Remote Similarity	NPC103420
0.6232	Remote Similarity	NPC195621
0.6212	Remote Similarity	NPC24136
0.6032	Remote Similarity	NPC265040
0.597	Remote Similarity	NPC81697
0.597	Remote Similarity	NPC485615
0.5968	Remote Similarity	NPC164980
0.5968	Remote Similarity	NPC480991
0.5965	Remote Similarity	NPC295261
0.5965	Remote Similarity	NPC296490
0.5942	Remote Similarity	NPC473016
0.5781	Remote Similarity	NPC262038
0.5781	Remote Similarity	NPC319910
0.5694	Remote Similarity	NPC609256
0.5692	Remote Similarity	NPC220998
0.5658	Remote Similarity	NPC301256
0.5606	Remote Similarity	NPC76338
0.5606	Remote Similarity	NPC250242
0.5593	Remote Similarity	NPC4743
0.5588	Remote Similarity	NPC473078
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC28918
0.5541	Remote Similarity	NPC218226
0.5538	Remote Similarity	NPC187282
0.5538	Remote Similarity	NPC102540
0.5538	Remote Similarity	NPC75049
0.5522	Remote Similarity	NPC608140
0.5507	Remote Similarity	NPC473015
0.5479	Remote Similarity	NPC107177
0.5479	Remote Similarity	NPC485612
0.5455	Remote Similarity	NPC109223
0.5455	Remote Similarity	NPC10937
0.5455	Remote Similarity	NPC610133
0.5429	Remote Similarity	NPC131568
0.5424	Remote Similarity	NPC603284
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC236766
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC150408
0.5362	Remote Similarity	NPC85162
0.5323	Remote Similarity	NPC310135
0.5312	Remote Similarity	NPC477244
0.5303	Remote Similarity	NPC149026
0.5303	Remote Similarity	NPC69674
0.5303	Remote Similarity	NPC250214
0.5294	Remote Similarity	NPC278476
0.5238	Remote Similarity	NPC246648
0.5231	Remote Similarity	NPC258630
0.5224	Remote Similarity	NPC17170
0.5224	Remote Similarity	NPC197252
0.5217	Remote Similarity	NPC470647
0.5211	Remote Similarity	NPC246948
0.5205	Remote Similarity	NPC77794
0.5205	Remote Similarity	NPC225660
0.5167	Remote Similarity	NPC472460
0.5147	Remote Similarity	NPC166689
0.5139	Remote Similarity	NPC96408
0.5139	Remote Similarity	NPC610511
0.507	Remote Similarity	NPC36275
0.5068	Remote Similarity	NPC216035
0.5065	Remote Similarity	NPC484417

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC78 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	2931
0.1-0.2	6074
0.2-0.3	137
0.3-0.4	6
0.4-0.5	2
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data