NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC473078

Natural Product ID	NPC473078
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	IXWIHCRZHCXORX-QHCPKHFHSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL3609152
PubChem CID	n.a.
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000261] Phenylpropanoids and polyketides [CHEMONTID:0000334] Flavonoids [CHEMONTID:0000337] Flavans [CHEMONTID:0003642] 8-prenylated flavans [CHEMONTID:0003508] 8-prenylated flavanones

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 59 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -0.5708 5.2620 -1.9468 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6546 4.4852 -0.6721 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9193 3.1862 -0.6665 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0194 2.3409 0.5414 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0444 1.1966 0.4375 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2989 1.3803 0.6498 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1929 0.3179 0.5498 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6776 -0.9163 0.2313 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3203 -1.0863 0.0201 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5765 -0.0440 0.1156 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9421 -0.2209 -0.0981 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4457 -1.5331 0.0605 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6396 -2.4250 -0.8424 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2399 -2.4039 -0.3199 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4488 -3.4351 -0.1671 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8936 -1.6281 -0.1314 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5355 -0.9988 -1.1865 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9011 -1.1064 -1.3421 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.6682 -1.8365 -0.4620 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0575 -2.4706 0.5930 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6908 -2.3512 0.7316 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.0431 -1.9572 -0.6005 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5183 -2.0161 0.1167 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6590 0.5519 0.7890 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4419 -0.6701 0.6435 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9573 -0.9806 -0.6183 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6960 -2.1295 -0.7433 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9550 -2.9895 0.3058 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4340 -2.6538 1.5286 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6823 -1.5156 1.7305 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.7137 -4.1365 0.0985 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8350 2.6105 0.9704 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4473 5.2003 0.6027 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3385 5.8947 -1.9737 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6236 4.6201 -2.8317 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4314 5.9850 -1.9346 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0757 2.7026 -1.6230 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6520 2.9346 1.4096 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0439 1.9778 0.6764 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2042 -1.8402 1.1086 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0117 -3.4726 -0.8458 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6068 -2.0908 -1.8938 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9543 -0.4243 -1.8836 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.4322 -0.6208 -2.1641 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.6711 -3.0493 1.2898 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2135 -2.8496 1.5597 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.6138 -2.3042 0.1434 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5595 -2.6025 -0.7074 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9796 1.3797 0.1339 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7351 0.9284 1.8438 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7545 -0.3080 -1.4360 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.0843 -2.3424 -1.7429 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6183 -3.3077 2.3748 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2875 -1.2819 2.7078 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.7166 -4.0405 0.1999 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0688 2.8770 1.9251 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5540 6.2957 0.4124 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5853 5.0300 0.9509 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1818 4.8823 1.3807 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 3 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 2 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 2 0 12 16 1 0 16 17 2 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 2 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 2 0 19 22 1 0 8 23 1 0 7 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 25 26 2 0 26 27 1 0 27 28 2 0 28 29 1 0 29 30 2 0 28 31 1 0 6 32 1 0 2 33 1 0 10 5 1 0 14 9 1 0 21 16 1 0 30 25 1 0 1 34 1 0 1 35 1 0 1 36 1 0 3 37 1 0 4 38 1 0 4 39 1 0 12 40 1 0 13 41 1 0 13 42 1 0 17 43 1 0 18 44 1 0 20 45 1 0 21 46 1 0 22 47 1 0 23 48 1 0 24 49 1 0 24 50 1 0 26 51 1 0 27 52 1 0 29 53 1 0 30 54 1 0 31 55 1 0 32 56 1 0 33 57 1 0 33 58 1 0 33 59 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	IXWIHCRZHCXORX-QHCPKHFHSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C27H26O6/c1-15(2)3-12-20-25(31)21(13-16-4-8-18(28)9-5-16)26(32)24-22(30)14-23(33-27(20)24)17-6-10-19(29)11-7-17/h3-11,23,28-29,31-32H,12-14H2,1-2H3/t23-/m0/s1
SMILES	CC(=CCC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1OC(CC2=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)C

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	446.17	Volume:	465.063 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.959	LogP:	4.111 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	3.415 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-4.664 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	5.0	Rigid Bonds:	25.0
TPSA:	107.22 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	6.0
H-Bond Donor:	4.0	Rings:	4.0
Heavy Atoms:	6.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.396	GASA:	0.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	3.316	Fsp³:	0.222
MCE-18:	78.03 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	1
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.994	Fluc inhibitor:	0.322 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.568 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.712 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.3	Promiscuous compounds:	0.019

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.328	MDCK Permeability:	-4.827
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.782	Pgp-substrate:	0.001
PAMPA:	0.873 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.027
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.909	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.998
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	1.0

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.0	MRP1:	0.992
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	95.731%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.309
Fu:	5.229% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.996
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.987	BCRP inhibitor:	0.585
BSEP inhibitor:	0.996

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.966
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.473	CYP2C19-substrate:	1.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.038	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.875	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.563
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.003	CYP3A4-substrate:	1.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	1.0
HLM stability:	1.0 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

4.937

Half-life (T1/2):

1.426

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.117	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.719
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.698	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.183
AMES Toxicity:	0.625	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.693
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.773	Skin Sensitization:	0.969
Carcinogencity:	0.462	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.927	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.848
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.365	Ototoxicity:	0.399
Hematotoxicity:	0.095	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.429
Genotoxicity:	0.961	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.081
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.715	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.943
BCF:	1.502 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	5.169 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	6.077 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	5.798 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15787460]
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[15787460]
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[16203143]
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[16919944]
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	root bark	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[17608532]
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[17950599]
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19113968]
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19191562]
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[19280148]
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19285413]
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19660948]
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[21319773]
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25322455]
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	root barks	purchased from the local herbal market, Chungbuk, Korea	2012-JUL	PMID[26227773]
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO30804	Cudrania tricuspidata	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
IC50	1
Inhibition	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual protein	2

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT1120	Individual protein	Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase	Sus scrofa	IC50	=	54800.0	nM	DOI[10.1007/s00044-011-9628-y]
NPT1120	Individual protein	Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase	Sus scrofa	Inhibition	=	70.1	%	PMID[18044832]

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC473078 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	19120
0.1-0.2	26699
0.2-0.3	3365
0.3-0.4	475
0.4-0.5	142
0.5-0.6	41
0.6-0.7	9
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.7541	Intermediate Similarity	NPC265040
0.6825	Remote Similarity	NPC107572
0.6825	Remote Similarity	NPC32739
0.6522	Remote Similarity	NPC246948
0.6462	Remote Similarity	NPC75049
0.6364	Remote Similarity	NPC610133
0.6212	Remote Similarity	NPC69674
0.6176	Remote Similarity	NPC608140
0.6154	Remote Similarity	NPC164980
0.6029	Remote Similarity	NPC285555
0.597	Remote Similarity	NPC187282
0.5882	Remote Similarity	NPC220998
0.5833	Remote Similarity	NPC166934
0.5833	Remote Similarity	NPC142405
0.5797	Remote Similarity	NPC76338
0.5797	Remote Similarity	NPC250242
0.5735	Remote Similarity	NPC250214
0.5672	Remote Similarity	NPC76372
0.5672	Remote Similarity	NPC37496
0.5652	Remote Similarity	NPC66515
0.5588	Remote Similarity	NPC324436
0.5588	Remote Similarity	NPC78
0.5584	Remote Similarity	NPC312273
0.5507	Remote Similarity	NPC148757
0.5429	Remote Similarity	NPC197252
0.5395	Remote Similarity	NPC214774
0.5325	Remote Similarity	NPC228779
0.5325	Remote Similarity	NPC483811
0.5312	Remote Similarity	NPC167624
0.5312	Remote Similarity	NPC166482
0.527	Remote Similarity	NPC36275
0.5217	Remote Similarity	NPC169591
0.5217	Remote Similarity	NPC480991
0.5217	Remote Similarity	NPC298223
0.5217	Remote Similarity	NPC604412
0.5211	Remote Similarity	NPC310130
0.5205	Remote Similarity	NPC161506
0.519	Remote Similarity	NPC119209
0.5152	Remote Similarity	NPC485881
0.5143	Remote Similarity	NPC236766
0.5143	Remote Similarity	NPC150408
0.5143	Remote Similarity	NPC39329
0.5143	Remote Similarity	NPC306829
0.5143	Remote Similarity	NPC51032
0.5125	Remote Similarity	NPC483810
0.5082	Remote Similarity	NPC479738
0.507	Remote Similarity	NPC149026
0.5068	Remote Similarity	NPC291878
0.5063	Remote Similarity	NPC192686
0.5063	Remote Similarity	NPC284820
0.506	Remote Similarity	NPC301256

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC473078 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	3287
0.1-0.2	5740
0.2-0.3	117
0.3-0.4	3
0.4-0.5	3
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data