NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC472627

Natural Product ID	NPC472627
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	CNRLXVAPOXIIJK-XMVXEKSUSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL3581347
PubChem CID	n.a.
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000261] Phenylpropanoids and polyketides [CHEMONTID:0000334] Flavonoids [CHEMONTID:0000337] Flavans [CHEMONTID:0003646] 6-prenylated flavans [CHEMONTID:0003507] 6-prenylated flavanones

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 62 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 2.6942 1.0520 0.7635 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6429 -0.1830 -0.0435 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6409 -0.2863 -0.9394 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5995 0.7289 -1.1751 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7520 0.1382 -0.9822 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2667 -0.7061 -1.9603 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4672 -0.9538 -3.0707 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4955 -1.2438 -1.8030 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2557 -0.9698 -0.6825 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7580 -0.1356 0.2937 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4983 0.4189 0.1373 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0637 1.2441 1.1505 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5838 0.1284 1.4570 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3745 1.1654 2.1163 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6506 -0.8365 1.8316 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3021 -1.4623 0.6448 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5053 -1.5107 -0.5137 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.4888 -0.6027 0.2958 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2543 0.5605 -0.3864 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.3136 1.3692 -0.7201 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.6317 1.0728 -0.4019 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.8188 -0.1069 0.2838 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.7760 -0.9375 0.6320 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.6756 1.9249 -0.7621 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5966 -1.2911 0.1376 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9906 -0.9078 -0.2158 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5874 0.1966 0.5714 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0292 0.3660 0.0145 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0010 0.6686 -1.3266 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.7370 -0.9354 0.3114 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.6245 1.4943 0.8337 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.7629 -0.0996 1.9119 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6373 1.2889 1.1372 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2571 0.9556 1.7160 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9419 1.9518 0.1679 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6249 -1.1994 -1.5184 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6998 1.6538 -0.6123 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6841 1.0038 -2.2700 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3719 -0.2299 -3.7932 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9072 -1.8993 -2.5523 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3458 2.2186 1.2529 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2907 -1.6092 2.5460 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4103 -0.2412 2.4181 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6608 -2.4695 0.9504 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2710 0.9062 -0.6944 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.1638 2.3115 -1.2674 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.8256 -0.3944 0.5611 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.9624 -1.8780 1.1842 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.4711 2.9248 -0.6163 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2953 -2.1563 -0.5322 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5425 -1.7220 1.1720 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0664 -0.5935 -1.3069 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6474 -1.8338 -0.2055 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1256 1.1859 0.3771 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9996 -0.1270 -1.9101 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2611 -1.4274 1.1752 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.8034 -0.7713 0.5795 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.6327 -1.5814 -0.5866 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.7147 1.5422 0.7641 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.1646 2.4537 0.4804 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2548 1.3731 1.8873 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3532 -0.9962 2.0710 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 6 7 1 0 6 8 1 0 8 9 2 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 2 0 11 12 1 0 10 13 1 0 13 14 2 0 13 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 16 18 1 0 18 19 2 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 2 0 21 22 1 0 22 23 2 0 21 24 1 0 2 25 1 0 25 26 1 0 26 27 1 0 27 28 1 0 28 29 1 0 28 30 1 0 28 31 1 0 27 32 1 0 11 5 1 0 23 18 1 0 17 9 1 0 1 33 1 0 1 34 1 0 1 35 1 0 3 36 1 0 4 37 1 0 4 38 1 0 7 39 1 0 8 40 1 0 12 41 1 0 15 42 1 0 15 43 1 0 16 44 1 1 19 45 1 0 20 46 1 0 22 47 1 0 23 48 1 0 24 49 1 0 25 50 1 0 25 51 1 0 26 52 1 0 26 53 1 0 27 54 1 0 29 55 1 0 30 56 1 0 30 57 1 0 30 58 1 0 31 59 1 0 31 60 1 0 31 61 1 0 32 62 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	CNRLXVAPOXIIJK-XMVXEKSUSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C25H30O7/c1-14(5-11-22(29)25(2,3)31)4-10-17-18(27)12-21-23(24(17)30)19(28)13-20(32-21)15-6-8-16(26)9-7-15/h4,6-9,12,20,22,26-27,29-31H,5,10-11,13H2,1-3H3/b14-4+/t20-,22?/m0/s1
SMILES	C/C(=CCc1c(O)cc2c(c1O)C(=O)C[C@H](O2)c1ccc(cc1)O)/CCC(C(O)(C)C)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	442.2	Volume:	455.727 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.97	LogP:	3.698 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	3.145 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-4.565 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	7.0	Rigid Bonds:	19.0
TPSA:	127.45 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	7.0
H-Bond Donor:	5.0	Rings:	3.0
Heavy Atoms:	7.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.411	GASA:	0.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	3.782	Fsp³:	0.4
MCE-18:	71.629 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	1
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.567	Fluc inhibitor:	0.687 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.387 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.456 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.077	Promiscuous compounds:	0.034

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.415	MDCK Permeability:	-4.856
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.994	Pgp-substrate:	0.02
PAMPA:	0.093 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.0
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.001	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.831
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.999

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.0	MRP1:	0.395
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	95.25%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.286
Fu:	5.501% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.997
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	1.0
BSEP inhibitor:	0.994

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.024	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.272
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.009	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.448
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.031	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.495	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.993
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.872
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.983
HLM stability:	0.764 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

4.403

Half-life (T1/2):

1.388

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.074	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.483
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.873	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.292
AMES Toxicity:	0.483	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.441
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.773	Skin Sensitization:	0.893
Carcinogencity:	0.334	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.831	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.481
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.474	Ototoxicity:	0.73
Hematotoxicity:	0.145	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.881
Genotoxicity:	0.994	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.212
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.633	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.849
BCF:	0.997 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.696 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.502 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.621 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[17625893]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	Fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18293924]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[20192247]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	fruit	n.a.	PMID[21319773]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[22445674]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[23623680]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25735399]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	Fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[28322565]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	Fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[28968119]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
IC50	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Cell line	1

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT1970	Cell line	THP-1	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[23634786]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC472627 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	12415
0.1-0.2	32539
0.2-0.3	4158
0.3-0.4	553
0.4-0.5	130
0.5-0.6	30
0.6-0.7	20
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	2
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.8261	Intermediate Similarity	NPC472628
0.8088	Intermediate Similarity	NPC488556
0.7794	Intermediate Similarity	NPC228504
0.7746	Intermediate Similarity	NPC472630
0.7361	Intermediate Similarity	NPC321779
0.6986	Remote Similarity	NPC261063
0.6883	Remote Similarity	NPC474055
0.6795	Remote Similarity	NPC472634
0.6712	Remote Similarity	NPC213896
0.6579	Remote Similarity	NPC488554
0.6533	Remote Similarity	NPC185276
0.6494	Remote Similarity	NPC472631
0.6486	Remote Similarity	NPC472629
0.6486	Remote Similarity	NPC64915
0.6471	Remote Similarity	NPC1089
0.6429	Remote Similarity	NPC125855
0.6351	Remote Similarity	NPC290133
0.6282	Remote Similarity	NPC195796
0.6282	Remote Similarity	NPC488557
0.6234	Remote Similarity	NPC488558
0.6203	Remote Similarity	NPC27337
0.6197	Remote Similarity	NPC223500
0.6081	Remote Similarity	NPC35038
0.6026	Remote Similarity	NPC226025
0.6026	Remote Similarity	NPC278778
0.5974	Remote Similarity	NPC470328
0.5974	Remote Similarity	NPC262039
0.5974	Remote Similarity	NPC209614
0.5974	Remote Similarity	NPC164272
0.5974	Remote Similarity	NPC470327
0.5926	Remote Similarity	NPC488555
0.5926	Remote Similarity	NPC484418
0.5823	Remote Similarity	NPC298692
0.5679	Remote Similarity	NPC45849
0.5679	Remote Similarity	NPC472626
0.5679	Remote Similarity	NPC210459
0.5672	Remote Similarity	NPC324386
0.5479	Remote Similarity	NPC69674
0.5479	Remote Similarity	NPC265040
0.5443	Remote Similarity	NPC479213
0.5405	Remote Similarity	NPC220998
0.5349	Remote Similarity	NPC321399
0.5342	Remote Similarity	NPC39329
0.5342	Remote Similarity	NPC51032
0.5333	Remote Similarity	NPC166689
0.5309	Remote Similarity	NPC22192
0.5309	Remote Similarity	NPC58805
0.5294	Remote Similarity	NPC471499
0.5238	Remote Similarity	NPC472598
0.519	Remote Similarity	NPC166934
0.5147	Remote Similarity	NPC32441
0.5147	Remote Similarity	NPC79943
0.5132	Remote Similarity	NPC486094
0.5128	Remote Similarity	NPC223787
0.5063	Remote Similarity	NPC477242

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC472627 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	3323
0.1-0.2	5707
0.2-0.3	109
0.3-0.4	8
0.4-0.5	2
0.5-0.6	1
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.5147	Remote Similarity	NPD1552	Clinical (unspecified phase)

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data