NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC488555

Natural Product ID	NPC488555
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	PMYDFIHKZVYFAG-FZXOMJPYSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	n.a.
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000261] Phenylpropanoids and polyketides [CHEMONTID:0000334] Flavonoids [CHEMONTID:0002585] O-methylated flavonoids [CHEMONTID:0002595] 3'-O-methylated flavonoids

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 66 68 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -3.6619 0.4218 1.6811 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5479 0.4923 0.2025 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7195 -0.3601 -0.3848 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9051 -1.3689 0.3097 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4759 -1.1001 0.0283 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1121 -1.4126 -1.1791 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4645 -1.1520 -1.4291 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2290 -0.5674 -0.4420 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6378 -0.2544 0.7687 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4759 0.3610 1.7884 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9088 1.0018 2.7049 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9745 0.2171 1.7208 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3731 0.4105 0.2715 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.7845 -0.0008 0.0273 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1392 -1.3124 -0.1469 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.4545 -1.6867 -0.3739 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.4284 -0.7063 -0.4246 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.1182 0.6278 -0.2548 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.7965 0.9485 -0.0319 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.1155 1.6153 -0.3080 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.7723 2.9706 -0.1308 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.7431 -1.1027 -0.6535 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.7632 -3.0233 -0.5439 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5556 -0.2875 -0.6251 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3037 -0.5097 1.0202 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2085 -0.1700 2.2464 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6331 -2.0018 -2.1914 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2948 1.4436 -0.6334 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7917 1.3059 -0.5184 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2403 -0.0556 -0.9280 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.7032 -0.3104 -0.8511 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.2689 -0.1438 0.5398 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.4272 0.4979 -1.8885 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.8866 -1.6651 -1.2275 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8040 0.8594 2.2083 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8547 -0.6155 2.0385 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5555 1.0317 2.0014 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6136 -0.3316 -1.4846 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1373 -2.3625 -0.1754 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1272 -1.4905 1.3671 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9437 -1.3872 -2.3614 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4604 0.9674 2.3448 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1972 -0.8252 1.9897 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3136 1.5198 0.0897 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3371 -2.0487 -0.0987 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.5383 2.0033 0.1037 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.1219 3.3280 -0.9429 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.6511 3.6068 0.0472 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.1600 3.0086 0.8171 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.3592 -1.2315 0.1343 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.4423 -3.3374 -1.2458 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4078 0.7698 2.5661 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5811 -2.9691 -2.4290 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9609 2.4691 -0.3394 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0340 1.2831 -1.6889 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.1701 1.6136 0.4806 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2113 2.0396 -1.2381 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9497 -0.1800 -2.0119 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7148 -0.8768 -0.4012 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.6960 0.8822 0.6049 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.1341 -0.8326 0.6963 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.5470 -0.3275 1.3334 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.9793 1.4841 -2.0367 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.3631 -0.0381 -2.8692 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.5216 0.5630 -1.6517 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.5469 -1.6975 -2.1684 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 2 0 10 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 2 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 2 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 2 0 18 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 17 22 1 0 16 23 1 0 13 24 1 0 9 25 2 0 25 26 1 0 6 27 1 0 2 28 1 0 28 29 1 0 29 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 31 32 1 0 31 33 1 0 31 34 1 0 25 5 1 0 24 8 1 0 19 14 1 0 1 35 1 0 1 36 1 0 1 37 1 0 3 38 1 0 4 39 1 0 4 40 1 0 7 41 1 0 12 42 1 0 12 43 1 0 13 44 1 6 15 45 1 0 19 46 1 0 21 47 1 0 21 48 1 0 21 49 1 0 22 50 1 0 23 51 1 0 26 52 1 0 27 53 1 0 28 54 1 0 28 55 1 0 29 56 1 0 29 57 1 0 30 58 1 0 30 59 1 0 32 60 1 0 32 61 1 0 32 62 1 0 33 63 1 0 33 64 1 0 33 65 1 0 34 66 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	PMYDFIHKZVYFAG-FZXOMJPYSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C26H32O8/c1-14(6-5-9-26(2,3)32)7-8-16-17(27)12-21-23(24(16)30)18(28)13-20(34-21)15-10-19(29)25(31)22(11-15)33-4/h7,10-12,20,27,29-32H,5-6,8-9,13H2,1-4H3/b14-7+/t20-/m0/s1
SMILES	C/C(=CCc1c(cc2c(C(=O)C[C@@H](c3cc(c(c(c3)OC)O)O)O2)c1O)O)/CCCC(C)(C)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	472.21	Volume:	481.813 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.98	LogP:	3.647 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	2.917 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-4.6 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	8.0	Rigid Bonds:	19.0
TPSA:	136.68 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	8.0
H-Bond Donor:	5.0	Rings:	3.0
Heavy Atoms:	8.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.276	GASA:	0.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	3.62	Fsp³:	0.423
MCE-18:	74.595 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	1
Chelating Alert:	1	PAINS Alert:	1
Colloidal aggregators:	0.597	Fluc inhibitor:	0.706 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.353 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.793 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.079	Promiscuous compounds:	0.159

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.138	MDCK Permeability:	-4.784
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.612	Pgp-substrate:	0.001
PAMPA:	0.021 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.001
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.008	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.26
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.993

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.001	MRP1:	0.663
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	96.406%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.078
Fu:	2.922% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.995
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.988
BSEP inhibitor:	0.777

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.595	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.821
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.093	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.777
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.038	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.689
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.014	CYP3A4-substrate:	1.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	1.0
HLM stability:	0.992 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

5.533

Half-life (T1/2):

1.5

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.056	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.452
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.91	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.805
AMES Toxicity:	0.596	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.61
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.835	Skin Sensitization:	0.99
Carcinogencity:	0.399	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.834	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.977
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.134	Ototoxicity:	0.824
Hematotoxicity:	0.269	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.887
Genotoxicity:	0.989	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.251
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.892	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.558
BCF:	1.379 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.994 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.845 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.915 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[17625893]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	Fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18293924]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[20192247]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	fruit	n.a.	PMID[21319773]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[22445674]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[23623680]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25735399]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	Fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[28322565]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	Fruits	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[28968119]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO22079	Paulownia tomentosa	Species	Paulowniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
IC50	1
Ki	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual protein	2

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT279	Individual protein	Leukocyte elastase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	2400.0	nM	PMID[28968119]
NPT279	Individual protein	Leukocyte elastase	Homo sapiens	Ki	=	5300.0	nM	PMID[28968119]

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC488555 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	17059
0.1-0.2	28784
0.2-0.3	3629
0.3-0.4	298
0.4-0.5	46
0.5-0.6	13
0.6-0.7	20
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	2
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	1

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
1.0	High Similarity	NPC484418
0.831	Intermediate Similarity	NPC488558
0.8082	Intermediate Similarity	NPC45849
0.7917	Intermediate Similarity	NPC261063
0.7838	Intermediate Similarity	NPC488557
0.7297	Intermediate Similarity	NPC488556
0.7051	Intermediate Similarity	NPC484417
0.6795	Remote Similarity	NPC472630
0.6623	Remote Similarity	NPC470328
0.6623	Remote Similarity	NPC209614
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPC472631
0.6296	Remote Similarity	NPC472626
0.6296	Remote Similarity	NPC195796
0.6282	Remote Similarity	NPC213896
0.6265	Remote Similarity	NPC474055
0.625	Remote Similarity	NPC321779
0.625	Remote Similarity	NPC278778
0.622	Remote Similarity	NPC27337
0.6203	Remote Similarity	NPC164272
0.6203	Remote Similarity	NPC470327
0.619	Remote Similarity	NPC472634
0.6173	Remote Similarity	NPC488554
0.6104	Remote Similarity	NPC35038
0.6076	Remote Similarity	NPC64915
0.6049	Remote Similarity	NPC74924
0.6049	Remote Similarity	NPC226025
0.6049	Remote Similarity	NPC298692
0.5949	Remote Similarity	NPC290133
0.5926	Remote Similarity	NPC472627
0.5783	Remote Similarity	NPC472628
0.575	Remote Similarity	NPC228504
0.5647	Remote Similarity	NPC488552
0.56	Remote Similarity	NPC1089
0.557	Remote Similarity	NPC223787
0.5542	Remote Similarity	NPC185276
0.5465	Remote Similarity	NPC472598
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC125855
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPC210459
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPC24640
0.5055	Remote Similarity	NPC321399

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC488555 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	4212
0.1-0.2	4883
0.2-0.3	50
0.3-0.4	5
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data