Structure

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:  384.18
Volume:  368.003
LogP:  3.066
LogD:  2.114
LogS:  -4.047
# Rotatable Bonds:  5
TPSA:  100.52
# H-Bond Aceptor:  8
# H-Bond Donor:  1
# Rings:  5
# Heavy Atoms:  8

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:  0.583
Synthetic Accessibility Score:  5.668
Fsp3:  0.895
Lipinski Rule-of-5:  Accepted
Pfizer Rule:  Accepted
GSK Rule:  Accepted
BMS Rule:  1
Golden Triangle Rule:  Accepted
Chelating Alert:  0
PAINS Alert:  0

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab2.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:  -5.506
MDCK Permeability:  8.720009645912796e-05
Pgp-inhibitor:  0.943
Pgp-substrate:  0.003
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):  0.002
20% Bioavailability (F20%):  0.004
30% Bioavailability (F30%):  0.129

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):  0.354
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):  65.88251495361328%
Volume Distribution (VD):  0.572
Pgp-substrate:  26.398696899414062%

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:  0.021
CYP1A2-substrate:  0.944
CYP2C19-inhibitor:  0.021
CYP2C19-substrate:  0.635
CYP2C9-inhibitor:  0.014
CYP2C9-substrate:  0.134
CYP2D6-inhibitor:  0.058
CYP2D6-substrate:  0.208
CYP3A4-inhibitor:  0.019
CYP3A4-substrate:  0.155

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):  8.663
Half-life (T1/2):  0.851

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:  0.131
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):  0.971
Drug-inuced Liver Injury (DILI):  0.936
AMES Toxicity:  0.887
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:  0.299
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:  0.163
Skin Sensitization:  0.496
Carcinogencity:  0.628
Eye Corrosion:  0.016
Eye Irritation:  0.042
Respiratory Toxicity:  0.963

Download Data

Data Type Select
General Info & Identifiers & Properties  
Structure MOL file  
Source Organisms  
Biological Activities  
Similar NPs/Drugs  

  Natural Product: NPC128816

Natural Product ID:  NPC128816
Common Name*:   FIHJKUPKCHIPAT-HXMLZIBGSA-N
IUPAC Name:   n.a.
Synonyms:  
Standard InCHIKey:  FIHJKUPKCHIPAT-HXMLZIBGSA-N
Standard InCHI:  InChI=1S/C19H28O8/c1-10-4-5-13-11(2)16(23-15(22)7-6-14(20)21)24-17-19(13)12(10)8-9-18(3,25-17)26-27-19/h10-13,16-17H,4-9H2,1-3H3,(H,20,21)/t10-,11-,12+,13+,16+,17-,18+,19-/m1/s1
SMILES:  C[C@@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H](C)[C@@H](OC(=O)CCC(=O)O)O[C@H]3[C@]42[C@H]1CC[C@@](C)(O3)OO4
Synthetic Gene Cluster:   n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier:   CHEMBL3039774
PubChem CID:   156252
Chemical Classification**:  
  • CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]
    • [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules
      • [CHEMONTID:0000259] Prenol lipids
        • [CHEMONTID:0001550] Sesquiterpenoids
          • [CHEMONTID:0002440] Artemisinins

*Note: the InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
**Note: the Chemical Classification was calculated by NPClassifier Version 1.5. Reference: PMID:34662515.

  Species Source

Organism ID Organism Name Taxonomy Level Family SuperKingdom Isolation Part Collection Location Collection Time Reference
NPO26589 Artemisia annua L. Strain Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. leaf n.a. DOI[10.1007/s11418-006-0112-9]
NPO26589 Artemisia annua L. Strain Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. stem n.a. DOI[10.1007/s11418-006-0112-9]
NPO26589 Artemisia annua L. Strain Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. flower n.a. DOI[10.1007/s11418-006-0112-9]
NPO26589 Artemisia annua L. Strain Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[6387056]
NPO26589 Artemisia annua L. Strain Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO10506 Artemisia apiacea Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO26589 Artemisia annua L. Strain Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO10506 Artemisia apiacea Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO26589 Artemisia annua L. Strain Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO10506 Artemisia apiacea Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO26589 Artemisia annua L. Strain Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO10506 Artemisia apiacea Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO10506 Artemisia apiacea Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26589 Artemisia annua L. Strain Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID NP ID Organism Material Preparation Organism Part NP Quantity (Standard) NP Quantity (Minimum) NP Quantity (Maximum) Quantity Unit Reference

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  Biological Activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference
NPT1197 Individual Protein Huntingtin Homo sapiens Potency = 3162.3 nM PMID[542291]
NPT445 Individual Protein Peripheral myelin protein 22 Rattus norvegicus Potency n.a. 2557.5 nM PMID[542291]
NPT10 Individual Protein Geminin Homo sapiens Potency n.a. 33498.3 nM PMID[542291]
NPT10 Individual Protein Geminin Homo sapiens Potency n.a. 13335.9 nM PMID[542291]
NPT2 Others Unspecified EC50 > 120000.0 nM PMID[542290]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum Potency n.a. 1.3 nM PMID[542291]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum Potency n.a. 1.9 nM PMID[542291]
NPT2 Others Unspecified Potency n.a. 39.8 nM PMID[542291]
NPT2 Others Unspecified Potency n.a. 35.5 nM PMID[542291]
NPT2 Others Unspecified Potency n.a. 32196.8 nM PMID[542291]
NPT844 Organism Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense IC50 = 16780.0 nM PMID[542292]
NPT633 Organism Leishmania donovani Leishmania donovani IC50 > 7800.0 nM PMID[542292]
NPT580 Organism Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosoma cruzi IC50 = 8970.0 nM PMID[542292]
NPT633 Organism Leishmania donovani Leishmania donovani IC50 = 350.0 nM PMID[542292]
NPT20529 NON-MOLECULAR NON-PROTEIN TARGET n.a. IC50 > 7800.0 nM PMID[542292]
NPT20529 NON-MOLECULAR NON-PROTEIN TARGET n.a. IC50 = 780.0 nM PMID[542292]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 3.0 nM PMID[542292]

☑ Note for Activity Records:
☉ The quantitative biological activities were primarily integrated from ChEMBL (Version-30) database and were also directly collected from PubMed literature. PubMed PMID was provided as the reference link for each activity record.

  Chemically structural similarity: I. Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes 4,3285 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules. Tc lies between [0, 1] where '1' indicates the highest similarity. What is Tanimoto coefficient

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC128816 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
●  The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Natural Product ID
1.0 High Similarity NPC67158
1.0 High Similarity NPC30102
0.8765 High Similarity NPC285480
0.8765 High Similarity NPC30443
0.8765 High Similarity NPC45256
0.8765 High Similarity NPC260977
0.859 High Similarity NPC200167
0.859 High Similarity NPC209666
0.859 High Similarity NPC53868
0.859 High Similarity NPC31046
0.8442 Intermediate Similarity NPC29005
0.8442 Intermediate Similarity NPC51956
0.8442 Intermediate Similarity NPC5209
0.8193 Intermediate Similarity NPC60568
0.764 Intermediate Similarity NPC471411
0.764 Intermediate Similarity NPC471410
0.7529 Intermediate Similarity NPC177343
0.7474 Intermediate Similarity NPC148872
0.747 Intermediate Similarity NPC166250
0.7368 Intermediate Similarity NPC94582
0.7368 Intermediate Similarity NPC57964
0.7349 Intermediate Similarity NPC123122
0.734 Intermediate Similarity NPC475307
0.7326 Intermediate Similarity NPC272841
0.7303 Intermediate Similarity NPC241959
0.7292 Intermediate Similarity NPC237071
0.7292 Intermediate Similarity NPC475765
0.7292 Intermediate Similarity NPC238796
0.7292 Intermediate Similarity NPC203434
0.7283 Intermediate Similarity NPC470872
0.7263 Intermediate Similarity NPC151214
0.7263 Intermediate Similarity NPC191915
0.7253 Intermediate Similarity NPC474008
0.7253 Intermediate Similarity NPC476717
0.7222 Intermediate Similarity NPC18953
0.7216 Intermediate Similarity NPC472273
0.7209 Intermediate Similarity NPC476719
0.7188 Intermediate Similarity NPC215570
0.7159 Intermediate Similarity NPC471216
0.7159 Intermediate Similarity NPC471217
0.7157 Intermediate Similarity NPC203974
0.7143 Intermediate Similarity NPC471375
0.7143 Intermediate Similarity NPC209798
0.7143 Intermediate Similarity NPC235402
0.7143 Intermediate Similarity NPC471374
0.7126 Intermediate Similarity NPC252483
0.7126 Intermediate Similarity NPC191345
0.7113 Intermediate Similarity NPC296936
0.7113 Intermediate Similarity NPC252056
0.7113 Intermediate Similarity NPC475785
0.7111 Intermediate Similarity NPC474284
0.7111 Intermediate Similarity NPC475820
0.7111 Intermediate Similarity NPC213737
0.7111 Intermediate Similarity NPC474253
0.7111 Intermediate Similarity NPC474346
0.7108 Intermediate Similarity NPC471879
0.71 Intermediate Similarity NPC80640
0.7097 Intermediate Similarity NPC221993
0.7087 Intermediate Similarity NPC207693
0.7083 Intermediate Similarity NPC178949
0.7083 Intermediate Similarity NPC96736
0.7079 Intermediate Similarity NPC116320
0.7079 Intermediate Similarity NPC71541
0.7079 Intermediate Similarity NPC211049
0.7079 Intermediate Similarity NPC119922
0.7071 Intermediate Similarity NPC471428
0.7071 Intermediate Similarity NPC471427
0.7071 Intermediate Similarity NPC51579
0.7071 Intermediate Similarity NPC471426
0.7065 Intermediate Similarity NPC470657
0.7059 Intermediate Similarity NPC308489
0.7053 Intermediate Similarity NPC475878
0.7041 Intermediate Similarity NPC470591
0.7041 Intermediate Similarity NPC266417
0.7033 Intermediate Similarity NPC79308
0.7021 Intermediate Similarity NPC131466
0.7019 Intermediate Similarity NPC228190
0.7019 Intermediate Similarity NPC236753
0.7019 Intermediate Similarity NPC22709
0.7 Intermediate Similarity NPC2096
0.7 Intermediate Similarity NPC208912
0.7 Intermediate Similarity NPC476838
0.7 Intermediate Similarity NPC472081
0.7 Intermediate Similarity NPC476839
0.7 Intermediate Similarity NPC475574
0.7 Intermediate Similarity NPC476512
0.7 Intermediate Similarity NPC108227
0.699 Remote Similarity NPC126753
0.6989 Remote Similarity NPC213658
0.6989 Remote Similarity NPC62202
0.6989 Remote Similarity NPC45833
0.6989 Remote Similarity NPC31349
0.6989 Remote Similarity NPC110365
0.6989 Remote Similarity NPC43912
0.6989 Remote Similarity NPC140446
0.6961 Remote Similarity NPC469827
0.6961 Remote Similarity NPC267637
0.6957 Remote Similarity NPC476715
0.6957 Remote Similarity NPC290612
0.6952 Remote Similarity NPC470622
0.6941 Remote Similarity NPC476718
0.6932 Remote Similarity NPC43463
0.6931 Remote Similarity NPC470029
0.6931 Remote Similarity NPC114700
0.6931 Remote Similarity NPC310138
0.6931 Remote Similarity NPC471254
0.6931 Remote Similarity NPC134967
0.6923 Remote Similarity NPC474266
0.6923 Remote Similarity NPC469826
0.69 Remote Similarity NPC80417
0.69 Remote Similarity NPC20028
0.6897 Remote Similarity NPC107963
0.6897 Remote Similarity NPC136424
0.6893 Remote Similarity NPC273189
0.6893 Remote Similarity NPC184805
0.6889 Remote Similarity NPC476494
0.6889 Remote Similarity NPC470156
0.6889 Remote Similarity NPC470154
0.6887 Remote Similarity NPC469824
0.6882 Remote Similarity NPC107603
0.6882 Remote Similarity NPC268633
0.6875 Remote Similarity NPC307167
0.6875 Remote Similarity NPC210759
0.6875 Remote Similarity NPC229801
0.6869 Remote Similarity NPC74466
0.6869 Remote Similarity NPC210157
0.6863 Remote Similarity NPC139181
0.6863 Remote Similarity NPC34562
0.6863 Remote Similarity NPC97260
0.6863 Remote Similarity NPC471253
0.6863 Remote Similarity NPC476837
0.6854 Remote Similarity NPC170595
0.6842 Remote Similarity NPC82955
0.6837 Remote Similarity NPC21897
0.6832 Remote Similarity NPC478181
0.6832 Remote Similarity NPC280991
0.6832 Remote Similarity NPC477172
0.6827 Remote Similarity NPC471430
0.6827 Remote Similarity NPC293512
0.6822 Remote Similarity NPC470543
0.6822 Remote Similarity NPC477489
0.6822 Remote Similarity NPC157571
0.6818 Remote Similarity NPC474003
0.6813 Remote Similarity NPC477447
0.6813 Remote Similarity NPC216800
0.6813 Remote Similarity NPC470155
0.6813 Remote Similarity NPC475849
0.6813 Remote Similarity NPC477446
0.6809 Remote Similarity NPC472396
0.6804 Remote Similarity NPC323231
0.6804 Remote Similarity NPC224003
0.6804 Remote Similarity NPC470623
0.6804 Remote Similarity NPC18724
0.6804 Remote Similarity NPC171741
0.68 Remote Similarity NPC292775
0.6796 Remote Similarity NPC470167
0.6792 Remote Similarity NPC471431
0.6778 Remote Similarity NPC186594
0.6778 Remote Similarity NPC125366
0.6778 Remote Similarity NPC472951
0.6778 Remote Similarity NPC472943
0.6778 Remote Similarity NPC475456
0.6774 Remote Similarity NPC477205
0.6771 Remote Similarity NPC470114
0.6771 Remote Similarity NPC50443
0.6771 Remote Similarity NPC65550
0.6771 Remote Similarity NPC18536
0.6771 Remote Similarity NPC279329
0.6768 Remote Similarity NPC193785
0.6765 Remote Similarity NPC310031
0.6765 Remote Similarity NPC80191
0.6765 Remote Similarity NPC470172
0.6762 Remote Similarity NPC472079
0.6759 Remote Similarity NPC204458
0.6759 Remote Similarity NPC189884
0.6759 Remote Similarity NPC47063
0.6759 Remote Similarity NPC138334
0.6747 Remote Similarity NPC477758
0.6747 Remote Similarity NPC477760
0.6747 Remote Similarity NPC477759
0.6747 Remote Similarity NPC477754
0.6747 Remote Similarity NPC476928
0.6747 Remote Similarity NPC477761
0.6742 Remote Similarity NPC477577
0.6739 Remote Similarity NPC470070
0.6737 Remote Similarity NPC471221
0.6737 Remote Similarity NPC476379
0.6737 Remote Similarity NPC281004
0.6737 Remote Similarity NPC470009
0.6735 Remote Similarity NPC267238
0.6735 Remote Similarity NPC252253
0.6735 Remote Similarity NPC253611
0.6735 Remote Similarity NPC77717
0.6735 Remote Similarity NPC309866
0.6735 Remote Similarity NPC45959
0.6735 Remote Similarity NPC305418
0.6735 Remote Similarity NPC471373
0.6735 Remote Similarity NPC148593
0.6735 Remote Similarity NPC211238
0.6733 Remote Similarity NPC41843

  Chemically structural similarity: II. Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC128816 and all drugs/candidates.
●  The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Drug ID Developmental Stage
1.0 High Similarity NPD3669 Approved
1.0 High Similarity NPD3670 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.8765 High Similarity NPD1780 Approved
0.8765 High Similarity NPD1779 Approved
0.859 High Similarity NPD1810 Approved
0.859 High Similarity NPD1811 Approved
0.8442 Intermediate Similarity NPD2687 Approved
0.8442 Intermediate Similarity NPD2254 Approved
0.8442 Intermediate Similarity NPD2686 Approved
0.6857 Remote Similarity NPD8132 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6512 Remote Similarity NPD7532 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6476 Remote Similarity NPD8170 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6465 Remote Similarity NPD8171 Discontinued
0.6455 Remote Similarity NPD8133 Approved
0.6429 Remote Similarity NPD8295 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6222 Remote Similarity NPD3702 Approved
0.6196 Remote Similarity NPD6697 Approved
0.6196 Remote Similarity NPD6114 Approved
0.6196 Remote Similarity NPD6118 Approved
0.6196 Remote Similarity NPD6115 Approved
0.619 Remote Similarity NPD371 Approved
0.6147 Remote Similarity NPD6686 Approved
0.6132 Remote Similarity NPD8138 Approved
0.6132 Remote Similarity NPD8084 Approved
0.6132 Remote Similarity NPD8139 Approved
0.6132 Remote Similarity NPD8083 Approved
0.6132 Remote Similarity NPD8085 Approved
0.6132 Remote Similarity NPD8082 Approved
0.6132 Remote Similarity NPD8086 Approved
0.6111 Remote Similarity NPD8393 Approved
0.6102 Remote Similarity NPD8328 Phase 3
0.6087 Remote Similarity NPD6116 Phase 1
0.6075 Remote Similarity NPD8275 Approved
0.6075 Remote Similarity NPD8276 Approved
0.6064 Remote Similarity NPD6928 Phase 2
0.6036 Remote Similarity NPD5955 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6019 Remote Similarity NPD3710 Phase 2
0.6019 Remote Similarity NPD8081 Approved
0.6 Remote Similarity NPD8029 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6 Remote Similarity NPD5345 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5983 Remote Similarity NPD8294 Approved
0.5983 Remote Similarity NPD8377 Approved
0.5978 Remote Similarity NPD6117 Approved
0.5948 Remote Similarity NPD7328 Approved
0.5948 Remote Similarity NPD7327 Approved
0.5932 Remote Similarity NPD8296 Approved
0.5932 Remote Similarity NPD8033 Approved
0.5932 Remote Similarity NPD8380 Approved
0.5932 Remote Similarity NPD8378 Approved
0.5932 Remote Similarity NPD8335 Approved
0.5932 Remote Similarity NPD8379 Approved
0.5913 Remote Similarity NPD6940 Discontinued
0.5909 Remote Similarity NPD6412 Phase 2
0.5897 Remote Similarity NPD7516 Approved
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPD8035 Phase 2
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPD8034 Phase 2
0.5868 Remote Similarity NPD7507 Approved
0.5851 Remote Similarity NPD4802 Phase 2
0.5851 Remote Similarity NPD4238 Approved
0.5798 Remote Similarity NPD8516 Approved
0.5798 Remote Similarity NPD8517 Approved
0.5798 Remote Similarity NPD7503 Approved
0.5798 Remote Similarity NPD8515 Approved
0.5798 Remote Similarity NPD8513 Phase 3
0.5789 Remote Similarity NPD7329 Approved
0.5766 Remote Similarity NPD8140 Approved
0.5766 Remote Similarity NPD8307 Discontinued
0.5766 Remote Similarity NPD5954 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5761 Remote Similarity NPD6113 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5741 Remote Similarity NPD1700 Approved
0.5726 Remote Similarity NPD7319 Approved
0.5699 Remote Similarity NPD3703 Phase 2
0.5682 Remote Similarity NPD4224 Phase 2
0.5679 Remote Similarity NPD615 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5664 Remote Similarity NPD8305 Approved
0.5664 Remote Similarity NPD4061 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5664 Remote Similarity NPD8306 Approved
0.5618 Remote Similarity NPD897 Approved
0.5618 Remote Similarity NPD896 Approved
0.5618 Remote Similarity NPD898 Approved
0.5614 Remote Similarity NPD8087 Discontinued
0.5607 Remote Similarity NPD7902 Approved

  Bioactivity similarity: Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
A: chemistry similarity;
B: biological targets similarity;
C: networks similarity;
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
E: similarity based on clinical data.

Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity
B: biological targets similarity
C: networks similarity
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity
E: similarity based on clinical data