NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC1354

Natural Product ID	NPC1354
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	NDEUIBHHZWDISF-PJNQXHPLSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	52931512
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000258] Steroids and steroid derivatives [CHEMONTID:0001013] Steroidal glycosides

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 116122 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 10.8356 -0.2278 -0.2193 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.4491 -0.6285 0.1539 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.3068 -1.5537 0.9211 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.3066 0.0807 -0.3951 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.3711 0.0400 -1.9298 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9265 0.2820 -2.3774 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1547 0.3477 -1.1023 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7796 -0.2267 -1.1600 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9486 0.3899 -2.2617 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5140 0.3017 -1.9532 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9842 -0.1839 -0.8057 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5074 -0.1887 -0.6888 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0610 -0.0134 0.6653 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7405 -0.8957 1.6075 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1928 -0.5060 1.6003 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8442 -0.7044 0.2758 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0792 -2.2024 0.1212 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1600 0.0522 0.1940 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0466 -0.1315 1.3506 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4366 -0.5753 1.1516 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9662 -0.6081 -0.2143 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0474 -1.9709 -0.8089 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4099 -0.3294 0.7072 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1917 0.7264 1.1709 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2062 1.1595 0.1474 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4685 0.3761 0.1615 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2908 -0.8307 1.0657 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8858 -0.3244 2.3911 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9145 0.6180 2.9917 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5302 0.9719 4.3058 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6936 0.3396 2.3754 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4561 -1.5336 1.0039 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4222 -2.7656 0.4376 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8058 -3.7830 1.5042 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4196 -5.1338 0.9298 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2160 -5.3148 -0.3387 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.1982 -4.1300 -1.2481 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9499 -4.1439 -2.1075 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3462 -2.9161 -0.5821 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.5252 -5.6788 0.0283 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0531 -5.1005 0.7089 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1697 -3.5100 2.6909 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7607 -0.1695 -1.1111 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3881 2.5267 0.2770 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9839 3.2952 -0.7607 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2122 4.0432 -1.2989 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6286 5.1072 -0.2745 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5603 6.1889 -0.3712 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2795 5.5103 -0.8052 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1510 6.3770 -0.2259 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1029 4.2557 -0.2776 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4252 6.8794 0.8089 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8833 5.5624 -0.6473 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2307 3.1279 -1.4909 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.5725 -1.0352 0.0212 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.9200 -0.0558 -1.3258 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.1926 0.6625 0.3549 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.2625 1.1600 -0.1253 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.6188 -0.9831 -2.2670 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.0745 0.7602 -2.3444 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.5855 -0.4467 -3.1077 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9129 1.2995 -2.8315 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2160 1.3410 -0.6579 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8328 -1.3135 -1.3706 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3198 1.4198 -2.4393 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1397 -0.2184 -3.1939 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7670 0.6489 -2.6909 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0770 -1.1311 -1.1216 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1016 0.6163 -1.3499 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0585 1.0259 1.0122 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6168 -1.9420 1.3110 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3740 -0.7958 2.6494 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6467 -1.0973 2.4390 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2988 0.5647 1.8743 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7499 -2.4782 -0.9092 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4316 -2.7903 0.8035 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1226 -2.4901 0.3306 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8517 1.1404 0.1398 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0630 0.8021 1.9939 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5678 -0.8783 2.0524 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.1514 0.0551 1.7667 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.5954 -1.6032 1.6000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.0916 -2.3442 -0.8423 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6437 -2.0419 -1.8407 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4965 -2.6699 -0.1553 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4828 1.5541 1.3803 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7450 1.0104 -0.8513 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3422 0.9313 0.5582 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4571 -1.4213 0.6252 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7318 -1.2063 3.0748 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9310 0.2160 2.9468 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9097 1.5790 2.4367 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5869 0.6354 4.4373 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4394 -3.0949 0.0628 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.9168 -3.7667 1.6031 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6896 -5.9356 1.6330 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7809 -6.1857 -0.8714 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.0558 -4.2201 -1.9467 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0461 -4.4421 -1.5378 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1226 -4.9037 -2.8951 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8560 -3.1550 -2.5736 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.0577 -5.5626 -0.8135 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5710 -5.9003 0.9845 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4021 -4.2190 3.3384 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9609 -0.0125 -1.6804 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5419 2.8072 -1.6177 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9669 4.5533 -2.2353 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6174 4.6436 0.7370 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8435 6.8751 -1.2100 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1510 5.5176 -1.8871 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2088 7.4166 -0.5730 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2060 6.3868 0.8835 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1576 5.9620 -0.4812 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1865 7.4909 0.9238 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3521 5.8584 0.1825 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8127 3.1282 -0.7007 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 2 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 2 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 6 16 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 1 6 13 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 25 26 1 0 26 27 1 0 27 28 1 0 28 29 1 0 29 30 1 0 28 31 1 0 27 32 1 0 32 33 1 0 33 34 1 0 34 35 1 0 35 36 1 0 36 37 1 0 37 38 1 0 37 39 1 0 36 40 1 0 35 41 1 0 34 42 1 0 26 43 1 0 25 44 1 0 44 45 1 0 45 46 1 0 46 47 1 0 47 48 1 0 48 49 1 0 49 50 1 0 49 51 1 0 48 52 1 0 47 53 1 0 46 54 1 0 21 4 1 0 31 24 1 0 39 33 1 0 51 45 1 0 21 7 1 0 18 8 1 0 16 11 1 0 1 55 1 0 1 56 1 0 1 57 1 0 4 58 1 6 5 59 1 0 5 60 1 0 6 61 1 0 6 62 1 0 7 63 1 1 8 64 1 6 9 65 1 0 9 66 1 0 10 67 1 0 12 68 1 0 12 69 1 0 13 70 1 1 14 71 1 0 14 72 1 0 15 73 1 0 15 74 1 0 17 75 1 0 17 76 1 0 17 77 1 0 18 78 1 6 19 79 1 0 19 80 1 0 20 81 1 0 20 82 1 0 22 83 1 0 22 84 1 0 22 85 1 0 24 86 1 1 25 87 1 0 26 88 1 1 27 89 1 6 28 90 1 0 29 91 1 0 29 92 1 0 30 93 1 0 33 94 1 6 34 95 1 1 35 96 1 0 36 97 1 6 37 98 1 0 38 99 1 0 38100 1 0 38101 1 0 40102 1 0 41103 1 0 42104 1 0 43105 1 0 45106 1 6 46107 1 6 47108 1 0 48109 1 6 49110 1 0 50111 1 0 50112 1 0 50113 1 0 52114 1 0 53115 1 0 54116 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	NDEUIBHHZWDISF-PJNQXHPLSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C39H62O15/c1-16(41)22-8-9-23-21-7-6-19-14-20(10-12-38(19,4)24(21)11-13-39(22,23)5)51-37-34(54-36-31(47)29(45)27(43)18(3)50-36)32(48)33(25(15-40)52-37)53-35-30(46)28(44)26(42)17(2)49-35/h6,17-18,20-37,40,42-48H,7-15H2,1-5H3/t17?,18?,20-,21-,22+,23-,24-,25?,26-,27-,28?,29?,30+,31-,32-,33+,34?,35-,36-,37+,38-,39+/m0/s1
SMILES	CC(=O)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C4C[C@H](CC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@]12C)O[C@H]1C([C@H]([C@@H](C(CO)O1)O[C@H]1[C@@H](C([C@H](C(C)O1)O)O)O)O)O[C@H]1[C@H](C([C@H](C(C)O1)O)O)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	770.41	Volume:	749.785 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.028	LogP:	2.666 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	3.475 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-5.156 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	8.0	Rigid Bonds:	39.0
TPSA:	234.29 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	15.0
H-Bond Donor:	8.0	Rings:	7.0
Heavy Atoms:	15.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.152	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	5.773	Fsp³:	0.923
MCE-18:	137.2 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	1
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.641	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.008 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.188	Promiscuous compounds:	0.004

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-6.36	MDCK Permeability:	-5.144
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.0	Pgp-substrate:	0.993
PAMPA:	1.0 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.002
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.062	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.291
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.994

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.038	MRP1:	0.056
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	52.323%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.476
Fu:	44.863% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.948
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.999	BCRP inhibitor:	0.106
BSEP inhibitor:	0.0

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.001	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.533	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.001
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.913	CYP3A4-substrate:	1.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.011
HLM stability:	0.693 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

0.544

Half-life (T1/2):

2.093

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.077	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.117
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.659	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.976
AMES Toxicity:	0.958	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.068
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.307	Skin Sensitization:	1.0
Carcinogencity:	0.374	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.003	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.153
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.009	Ototoxicity:	0.983
Hematotoxicity:	0.815	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.446
Genotoxicity:	0.716	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.22
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.818	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.928
BCF:	0.808 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.3 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.877 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	3.903 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO10541	Dioscorea spongiosa	Species	Dioscoreaceae	Eukaryota	rhizomes	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12762799]
NPO10541	Dioscorea spongiosa	Species	Dioscoreaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO10541	Dioscorea spongiosa	Species	Dioscoreaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO10541	Dioscorea spongiosa	Species	Dioscoreaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO10541	Dioscorea spongiosa	Species	Dioscoreaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC1354 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	20334
0.1-0.2	24737
0.2-0.3	3642
0.3-0.4	1001
0.4-0.5	66
0.5-0.6	41
0.6-0.7	33
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	1
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.8	Intermediate Similarity	NPC165439
0.7303	Intermediate Similarity	NPC94272
0.7053	Intermediate Similarity	NPC475182
0.6915	Remote Similarity	NPC470433
0.6915	Remote Similarity	NPC46190
0.6915	Remote Similarity	NPC265275
0.6915	Remote Similarity	NPC171073
0.6842	Remote Similarity	NPC248746
0.6842	Remote Similarity	NPC122819
0.6771	Remote Similarity	NPC42171
0.6701	Remote Similarity	NPC480555
0.6701	Remote Similarity	NPC150372
0.6633	Remote Similarity	NPC73243
0.6633	Remote Similarity	NPC244086
0.6633	Remote Similarity	NPC84956
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPC247037
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPC269297
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPC222202
0.6437	Remote Similarity	NPC486114
0.6436	Remote Similarity	NPC475333
0.6436	Remote Similarity	NPC224098
0.6436	Remote Similarity	NPC208383
0.6429	Remote Similarity	NPC124677
0.6373	Remote Similarity	NPC194207
0.6373	Remote Similarity	NPC22779
0.6311	Remote Similarity	NPC249265
0.6311	Remote Similarity	NPC480554
0.6286	Remote Similarity	NPC287885
0.625	Remote Similarity	NPC23808
0.625	Remote Similarity	NPC87998
0.619	Remote Similarity	NPC480553
0.6176	Remote Similarity	NPC486386
0.6132	Remote Similarity	NPC308140
0.6117	Remote Similarity	NPC13193
0.6075	Remote Similarity	NPC232054
0.6058	Remote Similarity	NPC254255
0.5909	Remote Similarity	NPC480556
0.5856	Remote Similarity	NPC224314
0.5758	Remote Similarity	NPC470748
0.5644	Remote Similarity	NPC486388
0.56	Remote Similarity	NPC305423
0.56	Remote Similarity	NPC113044
0.56	Remote Similarity	NPC283829
0.56	Remote Similarity	NPC161676
0.56	Remote Similarity	NPC600116
0.5581	Remote Similarity	NPC22140
0.5581	Remote Similarity	NPC243728
0.5581	Remote Similarity	NPC158088
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC470432
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC230507
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC15249
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC306991
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC25455
0.5532	Remote Similarity	NPC272015
0.5514	Remote Similarity	NPC32361
0.549	Remote Similarity	NPC98696
0.5437	Remote Similarity	NPC602423
0.5377	Remote Similarity	NPC102016
0.5377	Remote Similarity	NPC95051
0.5333	Remote Similarity	NPC48886
0.5333	Remote Similarity	NPC300557
0.5333	Remote Similarity	NPC94881
0.5283	Remote Similarity	NPC150057
0.5283	Remote Similarity	NPC147753
0.5281	Remote Similarity	NPC282669
0.5192	Remote Similarity	NPC40440
0.5189	Remote Similarity	NPC6806
0.5176	Remote Similarity	NPC207617
0.5176	Remote Similarity	NPC607440
0.5135	Remote Similarity	NPC218571
0.5135	Remote Similarity	NPC487615
0.5128	Remote Similarity	NPC477808
0.5114	Remote Similarity	NPC154452
0.51	Remote Similarity	NPC19400
0.5094	Remote Similarity	NPC477809
0.5091	Remote Similarity	NPC309278
0.505	Remote Similarity	NPC600456

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC1354 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	6919
0.1-0.2	2069
0.2-0.3	140
0.3-0.4	18
0.4-0.5	2
0.5-0.6	1
0.6-0.7	1
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.6842	Remote Similarity	NPD8449	Approved
0.5283	Remote Similarity	NPD8450	Suspended

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data