NPASS Compound

Structure

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	172.15
Volume:	196.46
LogP:	3.706
LogD:	3.109
LogS:	-3.396
# Rotatable Bonds:	7
TPSA:	26.3
# H-Bond Aceptor:	2
# H-Bond Donor:	0
# Rings:	0
# Heavy Atoms:	2

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.455
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	1.808
Fsp3:	0.9
Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected
GSK Rule:	Accepted
BMS Rule:	0
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected
Chelating Alert:	0
PAINS Alert:	0

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab2.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.293
MDCK Permeability:	2.4846356609486975e-05
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.005
Pgp-substrate:	0.001
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.002
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.987
30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.982

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.919
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	71.64387512207031%
Volume Distribution (VD):	1.015
Pgp-substrate:	35.87315368652344%

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.955
CYP1A2-substrate:	0.732
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.649
CYP2C19-substrate:	0.803
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.403
CYP2C9-substrate:	0.617
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.026
CYP2D6-substrate:	0.199
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.061
CYP3A4-substrate:	0.233

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):	7.743
Half-life (T1/2):	0.507

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.057
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.013
Drug-inuced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.248
AMES Toxicity:	0.006
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.044
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.01
Skin Sensitization:	0.491
Carcinogencity:	0.202
Eye Corrosion:	0.949
Eye Irritation:	0.982
Respiratory Toxicity:	0.301

Download Data

Data Type	Select
General Info & Identifiers & Properties
Structure MOL file
Source Organisms
Biological Activities
Similar NPs/Drugs

Natural Product: NPC155872

Natural Product ID:	NPC155872
*Common Name:**	Hexyl 2-Methylpropanoate
IUPAC Name:	hexyl 2-methylpropanoate
Synonyms:
Standard InCHIKey:	CYHBDKTZDLSRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InCHI:	InChI=1S/C10H20O2/c1-4-5-6-7-8-12-10(11)9(2)3/h9H,4-8H2,1-3H3
SMILES:	CCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)C
Synthetic Gene Cluster:	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier:	CHEMBL3187477
PubChem CID:	16872
Chemical Classification:**	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000264] Organic acids and derivatives [CHEMONTID:0000265] Carboxylic acids and derivatives [CHEMONTID:0001093] Carboxylic acid derivatives [CHEMONTID:0001238] Carboxylic acid esters

*Note: the InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
**Note: the Chemical Classification was calculated by NPClassifier Version 1.5. Reference: PMID:34662515.

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	cone	n.a.	PMID[10336650]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	fruit	n.a.	PMID[12932131]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15679315]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[16252923]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	cone	n.a.	PMID[17624889]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18611049]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18768384]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19476340]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[20460582]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[21912858]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	cone	n.a.	PMID[22111577]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	flower	n.a.	PMID[22166201]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[23790907]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24948953]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	fruit	n.a.	PMID[25172746]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25564559]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[29154541]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[8910532]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	Fruit	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	Leaf	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	Pericarp	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	Resin, Exudate, Sap	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	Root	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	Seed	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	Tissue Culture	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO16501	Capsicum annuum	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	NP ID	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Potency	7

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual Protein	1
Others	6

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT153	Individual Protein	Androgen Receptor	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	61130.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified		Potency	n.a.	61659.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified		Potency	n.a.	544.8	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified		Potency	n.a.	27539.1	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified		Potency	n.a.	61130.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified		Potency	n.a.	48972.2	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified		Potency	n.a.	68589.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set

☑ Note for Activity Records:
☉ The quantitative biological activities were primarily integrated from ChEMBL (Version-30) database and were also directly collected from PubMed literature. PubMed PMID was provided as the reference link for each activity record.

Chemically structural similarity: I. Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes 4,3285 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules. Tc lies between [0, 1] where '1' indicates the highest similarity. What is Tanimoto coefficient

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC155872 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	1326
0.1-0.2	19706
0.2-0.3	13606
0.3-0.4	6568
0.4-0.5	1148
0.5-0.6	218
0.6-0.7	68
0.7-0.8	31
0.8-0.85	18
0.85-0.9	3
0.9-0.95	4
0.95-1	1

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.9412	High Similarity	NPC14608
0.9375	High Similarity	NPC322892
0.9091	High Similarity	NPC154396
0.9062	High Similarity	NPC40965
0.8889	High Similarity	NPC81263
0.8611	High Similarity	NPC316546
0.8571	High Similarity	NPC80641
0.8571	High Similarity	NPC154642
0.8571	High Similarity	NPC80396
0.8529	High Similarity	NPC286498
0.8485	Intermediate Similarity	NPC12904
0.8438	Intermediate Similarity	NPC127696
0.8286	Intermediate Similarity	NPC196442
0.8286	Intermediate Similarity	NPC86545
0.8286	Intermediate Similarity	NPC223374
0.8286	Intermediate Similarity	NPC301398
0.8235	Intermediate Similarity	NPC41007
0.8235	Intermediate Similarity	NPC168714
0.8235	Intermediate Similarity	NPC286695
0.8235	Intermediate Similarity	NPC178643
0.8235	Intermediate Similarity	NPC35371
0.7895	Intermediate Similarity	NPC80234
0.7838	Intermediate Similarity	NPC128996
0.7812	Intermediate Similarity	NPC248233
0.7692	Intermediate Similarity	NPC149299
0.7692	Intermediate Similarity	NPC40597
0.7692	Intermediate Similarity	NPC250028
0.7692	Intermediate Similarity	NPC256163
0.7647	Intermediate Similarity	NPC21374
0.7619	Intermediate Similarity	NPC308301
0.7576	Intermediate Similarity	NPC317739
0.7576	Intermediate Similarity	NPC281943
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC201132
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC53541
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC211250
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC57499
0.75	Intermediate Similarity	NPC166804
0.7442	Intermediate Similarity	NPC249754
0.7436	Intermediate Similarity	NPC223249
0.7381	Intermediate Similarity	NPC312547
0.7317	Intermediate Similarity	NPC325102
0.7317	Intermediate Similarity	NPC236579
0.7317	Intermediate Similarity	NPC203531
0.7297	Intermediate Similarity	NPC289344
0.7273	Intermediate Similarity	NPC143211
0.725	Intermediate Similarity	NPC165533
0.7222	Intermediate Similarity	NPC147054
0.7209	Intermediate Similarity	NPC282440
0.7188	Intermediate Similarity	NPC41485
0.7188	Intermediate Similarity	NPC3693
0.7188	Intermediate Similarity	NPC32280
0.7179	Intermediate Similarity	NPC305660
0.7179	Intermediate Similarity	NPC54980
0.7179	Intermediate Similarity	NPC201622
0.7179	Intermediate Similarity	NPC22903
0.7059	Intermediate Similarity	NPC159398
0.7	Intermediate Similarity	NPC31551
0.7	Intermediate Similarity	NPC94368
0.7	Intermediate Similarity	NPC219536
0.6977	Remote Similarity	NPC287231
0.6977	Remote Similarity	NPC47363
0.6957	Remote Similarity	NPC305182
0.6889	Remote Similarity	NPC68577
0.6875	Remote Similarity	NPC110107
0.6829	Remote Similarity	NPC161097
0.6829	Remote Similarity	NPC28598
0.6829	Remote Similarity	NPC12156
0.6818	Remote Similarity	NPC172042
0.6818	Remote Similarity	NPC63182
0.6818	Remote Similarity	NPC105329
0.6818	Remote Similarity	NPC52700
0.6818	Remote Similarity	NPC145045
0.6809	Remote Similarity	NPC314084
0.6809	Remote Similarity	NPC244452
0.6757	Remote Similarity	NPC99700
0.6757	Remote Similarity	NPC108238
0.6744	Remote Similarity	NPC317128
0.6739	Remote Similarity	NPC223675
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC248763
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC326957
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC28246
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC170167
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC321699
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC325452
0.6596	Remote Similarity	NPC142103
0.6596	Remote Similarity	NPC289388
0.6591	Remote Similarity	NPC273545
0.6585	Remote Similarity	NPC3531
0.6579	Remote Similarity	NPC140229
0.6562	Remote Similarity	NPC203105
0.6562	Remote Similarity	NPC23508
0.6562	Remote Similarity	NPC8187
0.6512	Remote Similarity	NPC176500
0.65	Remote Similarity	NPC252843
0.6471	Remote Similarity	NPC127134
0.6458	Remote Similarity	NPC291724
0.6458	Remote Similarity	NPC274261
0.6444	Remote Similarity	NPC12438
0.6444	Remote Similarity	NPC30195
0.641	Remote Similarity	NPC156630
0.641	Remote Similarity	NPC317203
0.6383	Remote Similarity	NPC26253
0.6383	Remote Similarity	NPC163345
0.6383	Remote Similarity	NPC250919
0.6341	Remote Similarity	NPC73245
0.6316	Remote Similarity	NPC175342
0.625	Remote Similarity	NPC55678
0.6222	Remote Similarity	NPC55023
0.6216	Remote Similarity	NPC5934
0.6216	Remote Similarity	NPC265882
0.619	Remote Similarity	NPC225963
0.619	Remote Similarity	NPC474205
0.619	Remote Similarity	NPC261080
0.619	Remote Similarity	NPC279026
0.619	Remote Similarity	NPC301585
0.619	Remote Similarity	NPC201844
0.619	Remote Similarity	NPC301696
0.619	Remote Similarity	NPC154186
0.619	Remote Similarity	NPC14227
0.619	Remote Similarity	NPC113928
0.617	Remote Similarity	NPC106872
0.6136	Remote Similarity	NPC187922
0.6122	Remote Similarity	NPC287811
0.6111	Remote Similarity	NPC234005
0.6111	Remote Similarity	NPC88135
0.6098	Remote Similarity	NPC158179
0.6087	Remote Similarity	NPC314679
0.6053	Remote Similarity	NPC280532
0.6053	Remote Similarity	NPC281883
0.6042	Remote Similarity	NPC207815
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC316685
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC216407
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC310746
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC230726
0.5957	Remote Similarity	NPC328497
0.5957	Remote Similarity	NPC21844
0.5957	Remote Similarity	NPC324004
0.5946	Remote Similarity	NPC174368
0.5946	Remote Similarity	NPC61066
0.5946	Remote Similarity	NPC122768
0.5946	Remote Similarity	NPC104195
0.5946	Remote Similarity	NPC180423
0.5946	Remote Similarity	NPC151140
0.5938	Remote Similarity	NPC61373
0.5909	Remote Similarity	NPC163746
0.5909	Remote Similarity	NPC216630
0.5909	Remote Similarity	NPC149184
0.5909	Remote Similarity	NPC171736
0.5909	Remote Similarity	NPC209970
0.5909	Remote Similarity	NPC103286
0.5909	Remote Similarity	NPC196924
0.5909	Remote Similarity	NPC307783
0.5897	Remote Similarity	NPC217218
0.5897	Remote Similarity	NPC18224
0.5897	Remote Similarity	NPC328710
0.5882	Remote Similarity	NPC8368
0.5854	Remote Similarity	NPC155263
0.5833	Remote Similarity	NPC324793
0.5833	Remote Similarity	NPC200618
0.5833	Remote Similarity	NPC131770
0.5833	Remote Similarity	NPC13105
0.5833	Remote Similarity	NPC216130
0.5833	Remote Similarity	NPC477878
0.5818	Remote Similarity	NPC125506
0.5818	Remote Similarity	NPC470363
0.5814	Remote Similarity	NPC214610
0.5814	Remote Similarity	NPC118968
0.5814	Remote Similarity	NPC294085
0.5814	Remote Similarity	NPC183424
0.5789	Remote Similarity	NPC302611
0.5778	Remote Similarity	NPC301528
0.5778	Remote Similarity	NPC67462
0.5778	Remote Similarity	NPC144829
0.5778	Remote Similarity	NPC71317
0.5778	Remote Similarity	NPC129972
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPC319589
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPC23155
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPC320588
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPC53463
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPC469937
0.575	Remote Similarity	NPC283682
0.5745	Remote Similarity	NPC133771
0.5714	Remote Similarity	NPC206924
0.5714	Remote Similarity	NPC234597
0.5714	Remote Similarity	NPC304162
0.5714	Remote Similarity	NPC66145
0.5714	Remote Similarity	NPC135698
0.5714	Remote Similarity	NPC109026
0.5682	Remote Similarity	NPC123357
0.5676	Remote Similarity	NPC55956
0.566	Remote Similarity	NPC200845
0.566	Remote Similarity	NPC223677
0.566	Remote Similarity	NPC10316
0.566	Remote Similarity	NPC28779
0.566	Remote Similarity	NPC128061
0.5652	Remote Similarity	NPC74845
0.5652	Remote Similarity	NPC19305
0.5652	Remote Similarity	NPC255837
0.5652	Remote Similarity	NPC319680
0.5641	Remote Similarity	NPC272426

Chemically structural similarity: II. Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC155872 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	1598
0.1-0.2	5518
0.2-0.3	1343
0.3-0.4	484
0.4-0.5	148
0.5-0.6	46
0.6-0.7	13
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.7027	Intermediate Similarity	NPD900	Approved
0.6977	Remote Similarity	NPD2699	Approved
0.6923	Remote Similarity	NPD9449	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6889	Remote Similarity	NPD2266	Phase 2
0.6842	Remote Similarity	NPD9447	Approved
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPD370	Phase 3
0.6585	Remote Similarity	NPD77	Approved
0.6585	Remote Similarity	NPD9450	Approved
0.6522	Remote Similarity	NPD6125	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6471	Remote Similarity	NPD8989	Approved
0.6341	Remote Similarity	NPD3206	Approved
0.6216	Remote Similarity	NPD8856	Phase 2
0.619	Remote Similarity	NPD9448	Phase 2
0.619	Remote Similarity	NPD633	Phase 3
0.6136	Remote Similarity	NPD387	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6087	Remote Similarity	NPD634	Phase 3
0.6053	Remote Similarity	NPD9636	Phase 2
0.6047	Remote Similarity	NPD9635	Discontinued
0.6038	Remote Similarity	NPD4279	Approved
0.5909	Remote Similarity	NPD2270	Approved
0.5882	Remote Similarity	NPD631	Approved
0.5882	Remote Similarity	NPD630	Approved
0.5833	Remote Similarity	NPD5343	Approved
0.5833	Remote Similarity	NPD8990	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5818	Remote Similarity	NPD4280	Approved
0.5814	Remote Similarity	NPD9655	Approved
0.58	Remote Similarity	NPD1399	Approved
0.58	Remote Similarity	NPD1400	Approved
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPD3728	Approved
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPD3730	Approved
0.5758	Remote Similarity	NPD8616	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5758	Remote Similarity	NPD8615	Phase 2
0.5641	Remote Similarity	NPD1461	Approved
0.5641	Remote Similarity	NPD907	Approved
0.5641	Remote Similarity	NPD908	Approved

Bioactivity similarity: Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.

Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data