Natural Product: NPC135698

Natural Product IDNPC135698
Common Name
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The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
[(2E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-Dienyl] Butanoate
IUPAC Name [(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl] butanoate
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier CHEMBL3187344
PubChem CID 5355856
Chemical Classification
  • CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]
    • [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules
      • [CHEMONTID:0003909] Fatty Acyls
        • [CHEMONTID:0001722] Fatty alcohol esters

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

  Chemical Representations

Standard InCHIKey ZSBOMYJPSRFZAL-JLHYYAGUSA-N
Standard InCHI InChI=1S/C14H24O2/c1-5-7-14(15)16-11-10-13(4)9-6-8-12(2)3/h8,10H,5-7,9,11H2,1-4H3/b13-10+
SMILES CCCC(=O)OC/C=C(C)/CCC=C(C)C

  Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

MedChem Properties

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

ADMET: Distribution

ADMET: Metabolism

ADMET: Excretion

ADMET: Toxicity

  Species Source

Organism ID Organism Name Taxonomy Level Family SuperKingdom Isolation Part Collection Location Collection Time Reference
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112278]
NPO28295 Foeniculum vulgare Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. leaf n.a. DOI[10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94055-X]
NPO28295 Foeniculum vulgare Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. flower n.a. DOI[10.3390/70200245]
NPO16456 Mirabilis jalapa Species Nyctaginaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[11277746]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota Leaves n.a. n.a. PMID[12088434]
NPO31458 Cinnamomum cassia Species Lauraceae Eukaryota twigs n.a. n.a. PMID[19555125]
NPO12088 Conyza canadensis Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[20121251]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[21574561]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[21707257]
NPO12088 Conyza canadensis Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[22612410]
NPO31458 Cinnamomum cassia Species Lauraceae Eukaryota twigs n.a. n.a. PMID[22677314]
NPO4394 Pelargonium graveolens Species Geraniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[23027699]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[23747095]
NPO28295 Foeniculum vulgare Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[24617303]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[29192771]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[29726697]
NPO54641 Foeniculum vulgare subsp. vulgare Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[30632261]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[30792999]
NPO54641 Foeniculum vulgare subsp. vulgare Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[33410338]
NPO31458 Cinnamomum cassia Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[34332066]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[34443694]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[34770961]
NPO55085 Artemesia songarica Genus Penaeidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[35051268]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[35631245]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[36080366]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[36270431]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[36359928]
NPO2613 Artemisia ordosica Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[36558030]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[36840093]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[36840093]
NPO63036 Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa Genus Pinaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[36985451]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[37020229]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[37226152]
NPO31458 Cinnamomum cassia Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[37446712]
NPO56800 Cinnamomum melastomaceum Genus Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[37531297]
NPO18959 Neolitsea buisanensis Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[37531297]
NPO24110 Lippia alba Species Verbenaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[37631258]
NPO16456 Mirabilis jalapa Species Nyctaginaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[37687143]
NPO4394 Pelargonium graveolens Species Geraniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[37687327]
NPO53087 Epaltes australis Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[37819841]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[37898811]
NPO4394 Pelargonium graveolens Species Geraniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[38201061]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[38257205]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[38267697]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[38370080]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[38381096]
NPO4394 Pelargonium graveolens Species Geraniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[38499124]
NPO55098 Ambrosia acanthicarpa Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[38543021]
NPO31458 Cinnamomum cassia Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[38688144]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[38695450]
NPO4394 Pelargonium graveolens Species Geraniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[38695450]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[38744893]
NPO12088 Conyza canadensis Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[38792265]
NPO24110 Lippia alba Species Verbenaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[38897034]
NPO57652 Cymbopogon flexousus Genus Poaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[39243337]
NPO4394 Pelargonium graveolens Species Geraniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[39274883]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[39407547]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[39592251]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO4394 Pelargonium graveolens Species Geraniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO31458 Cinnamomum cassia Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO12088 Conyza canadensis Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO16456 Mirabilis jalapa Species Nyctaginaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO24110 Lippia alba Species Verbenaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO2613 Artemisia ordosica Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO55098 Ambrosia acanthicarpa Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota Essential Oil n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota Flower n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota Leaf n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota Leaf n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota Plant n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota Plant n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota Root n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota Shoot n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota Shoot Essent. Oil n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota Sprout Seedling n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota Stem n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO28295 Foeniculum vulgare Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO12088 Conyza canadensis Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO31458 Cinnamomum cassia Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO16456 Mirabilis jalapa Species Nyctaginaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO4394 Pelargonium graveolens Species Geraniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO28295 Foeniculum vulgare Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO16456 Mirabilis jalapa Species Nyctaginaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO4394 Pelargonium graveolens Species Geraniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO12088 Conyza canadensis Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO12088 Conyza canadensis Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO28295 Foeniculum vulgare Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO4394 Pelargonium graveolens Species Geraniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO31458 Cinnamomum cassia Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO28295 Foeniculum vulgare Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO12088 Conyza canadensis Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO24110 Lippia alba Species Verbenaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO16456 Mirabilis jalapa Species Nyctaginaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO2613 Artemisia ordosica Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO28295 Foeniculum vulgare Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO18959 Neolitsea buisanensis Species Lauraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO4394 Pelargonium graveolens Species Geraniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].



  NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID Organism Name Organism Material Preparation Organism Part NP Quantity (Standard) NP Quantity (Minimum) NP Quantity (Maximum) Quantity Unit Reference
NPO12088 Conyza canadensis Oil Stems 0.48 n.a. n.a. % PMID[38792265]
NPO12088 Conyza canadensis Oil Leaves 0.11 n.a. n.a. % PMID[38792265]
NPO16456 Mirabilis jalapa n.a. Roots 8.35 n.a. n.a. % PMID[37687143]
NPO18959 Neolitsea buisanensis Oil Leaves 0.4 n.a. n.a. % PMID[37531297]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Oil n.a. 0.1 n.a. n.a. % PMID[38695450]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Oil n.a. 0.1 ± 0.01 n.a. n.a. % PMID[34443694]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Oil n.a. 0.03 n.a. n.a. % PMID[37226152]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Oil n.a. 0.02 n.a. n.a. % PMID[37226152]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Oil n.a. 0.3 ± 0.12 n.a. n.a. % PMID[34443694]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Oil n.a. 0.2 ± 0.18 n.a. n.a. % PMID[34443694]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Oil n.a. 0.1 ± 0.02 n.a. n.a. % PMID[34443694]
NPO19472 Thymus vulgaris Oil n.a. 0.2 ± 0.06 n.a. n.a. % PMID[34443694]
NPO20414 Ocimum basilicum Oil n.a. 1.0 n.a. n.a. % PMID[38267697]
NPO24110 Lippia alba Oil n.a. 0.1 n.a. n.a. % PMID[38897034]
NPO2613 Artemisia ordosica Oil Aerial parts 3.04 n.a. n.a. % PMID[36558030]
NPO31458 Cinnamomum cassia Oil n.a. 0.01 n.a. n.a. % PMID[34332066]
NPO4394 Pelargonium graveolens Oil n.a. 1.5 n.a. n.a. % PMID[38695450]
NPO4394 Pelargonium graveolens Oil n.a. 1.0 n.a. n.a. % PMID[37687327]
NPO53087 Epaltes australis Oil Leaves 0.2 n.a. n.a. % PMID[37819841]
NPO54641 Foeniculum vulgare subsp. vulgare Oil n.a. 0.38 n.a. n.a. % PMID[33410338]
NPO55085 Artemesia songarica Oil Aerial parts 1.5 n.a. n.a. % PMID[35051268]
NPO55098 Ambrosia acanthicarpa Oil n.a. 0.1 n.a. n.a. % PMID[38543021]
NPO55098 Ambrosia acanthicarpa Oil n.a. 0.2 n.a. n.a. % PMID[38543021]
NPO56800 Cinnamomum melastomaceum Oil Leaves n.a. n.a. % PMID[37531297]
NPO57652 Cymbopogon flexousus Oil n.a. 0.17±0.06 n.a. n.a. % PMID[39243337]
NPO57652 Cymbopogon flexousus Oil n.a. 0.10±0.02 n.a. n.a. % PMID[39243337]
NPO63036 Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa Oil Leaves 0.1 n.a. n.a. % PMID[36985451]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].



 Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference
NPT2 Others Unspecified n.a. Potency n.a. 12299.8 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2 Others Unspecified n.a. Potency n.a. 54482.7 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2 Others Unspecified n.a. Potency n.a. 2433.7 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2 Others Unspecified n.a. Potency n.a. 38570.8 nM PubChem BioAssay data set

In vivo activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference





 Experimental ADME

Experiment Model Experiment Tissue ADME Type ADME Relation ADME Value ADME Unit Reference





 Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model Experiment Organism Toxicity Type Toxicity Relation Toxicity Value Toxicity Unit Reference
- Rattus norvegicus LD50 = 10660.0 mg/kg ToxVal
- Rattus norvegicus NOAEL = 345.0 mg/kg-day ToxVal
- Oryctolagus cuniculus LD50 = 5000.0 mg/kg ToxVal

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Cardiotoxicity Respiratory Toxicity Eye Irritation Endocrine Disruption
Hepatotoxicity Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Cardiotoxicity Respiratory Toxicity Eye Irritation Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]


  Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC135698 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
●  The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Natural Product ID
0.7742 Intermediate Similarity NPC47946
0.7742 Intermediate Similarity NPC26600
0.7273 Intermediate Similarity NPC197467
0.6857 Remote Similarity NPC236338
0.5333 Remote Similarity NPC271641
0.5122 Remote Similarity NPC314590
0.5106 Remote Similarity NPC82465

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC135698 and all drugs/candidates.
●  The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Drug ID Developmental Stage
0.8182 Intermediate Similarity NPD6927 Phase 3

Bioactivity similarity

  Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
A: chemistry similarity;
B: biological targets similarity;
C: networks similarity;
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity
B: biological targets similarity
C: networks similarity
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity
E: similarity based on clinical data