Structure

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:  480.49
Volume:  576.972
LogP:  13.095
LogD:  4.295
LogS:  -7.333
# Rotatable Bonds:  30
TPSA:  37.3
# H-Bond Aceptor:  2
# H-Bond Donor:  1
# Rings:  0
# Heavy Atoms:  2

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:  0.104
Synthetic Accessibility Score:  1.729
Fsp3:  0.969
Lipinski Rule-of-5:  Accepted
Pfizer Rule:  Rejected
GSK Rule:  Rejected
BMS Rule:  1
Golden Triangle Rule:  Accepted
Chelating Alert:  0
PAINS Alert:  0

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab2.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:  -5.297
MDCK Permeability:  2.6698419333115453e-06
Pgp-inhibitor:  0.0
Pgp-substrate:  0.0
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):  0.006
20% Bioavailability (F20%):  0.097
30% Bioavailability (F30%):  1.0

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):  0.001
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):  101.12216186523438%
Volume Distribution (VD):  2.969
Pgp-substrate:  0.3980351984500885%

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:  0.036
CYP1A2-substrate:  0.119
CYP2C19-inhibitor:  0.099
CYP2C19-substrate:  0.045
CYP2C9-inhibitor:  0.014
CYP2C9-substrate:  0.998
CYP2D6-inhibitor:  0.034
CYP2D6-substrate:  0.012
CYP3A4-inhibitor:  0.068
CYP3A4-substrate:  0.003

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):  2.884
Half-life (T1/2):  0.056

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:  0.449
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):  0.009
Drug-inuced Liver Injury (DILI):  0.145
AMES Toxicity:  0.005
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:  0.005
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:  0.012
Skin Sensitization:  0.975
Carcinogencity:  0.017
Eye Corrosion:  0.967
Eye Irritation:  0.908
Respiratory Toxicity:  0.586

Download Data

Data Type Select
General Info & Identifiers & Properties  
Structure MOL file  
Source Organisms  
Biological Activities  
Similar NPs/Drugs  

  Natural Product: NPC67462

Natural Product ID:  NPC67462
Common Name*:   Dotriacontanoic Acid
IUPAC Name:   dotriacontanoic acid
Synonyms:   Dotriacontanoic Acid
Standard InCHIKey:  ICAIHSUWWZJGHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InCHI:  InChI=1S/C32H64O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-26-27-28-29-30-31-32(33)34/h2-31H2,1H3,(H,33,34)/p-1
SMILES:  CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-]
Synthetic Gene Cluster:   n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier:   CHEMBL1917282
PubChem CID:   19255
Chemical Classification**:  
  • CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]
    • [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules
      • [CHEMONTID:0003909] Fatty Acyls
        • [CHEMONTID:0000262] Fatty acids and conjugates
          • [CHEMONTID:0002950] Very long-chain fatty acids

*Note: the InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
**Note: the Chemical Classification was calculated by NPClassifier Version 1.5. Reference: PMID:34662515.

  Species Source

Organism ID Organism Name Taxonomy Level Family SuperKingdom Isolation Part Collection Location Collection Time Reference
NPO11597 Stellaria dichotoma Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[15387643]
NPO11597 Stellaria dichotoma Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[16309326]
NPO25660 Gypsophila oldhamiana Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[16880670]
NPO25660 Gypsophila oldhamiana Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[17409564]
NPO25660 Gypsophila oldhamiana Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota roots n.a. n.a. PMID[18194870]
NPO19755 Artemisia anomala Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[20000780]
NPO26094 Stolonica socialis Species Styelidae Eukaryota n.a. At a depth between 3 and 15 m in Las Lajas (Cdiz, Spain) (3606'11'' N, 525'47'' W) 2003-SEP PMID[20014800]
NPO18671 Saussurea involucrata Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[26214875]
NPO14650 Lobelia chinensis Species Campanulaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO20295 Eclipta prostrata Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO19755 Artemisia anomala Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO18671 Saussurea involucrata Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO8930 Artemisia roxbugiana Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO19755 Artemisia anomala Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO26195 Tephrosia crassifolia Species Geometridae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO18671 Saussurea involucrata Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO8930 Artemisia roxbugiana Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO15546 Herba ecliptae prostratae n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO20295 Eclipta prostrata Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO14650 Lobelia chinensis Species Campanulaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO26422 Rubus chingii Species Rosaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO20295 Eclipta prostrata Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO14650 Lobelia chinensis Species Campanulaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO11597 Stellaria dichotoma Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO19755 Artemisia anomala Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO26422 Rubus chingii Species Rosaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO18930 Rubus coreanus Species Rosaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO18671 Saussurea involucrata Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO14650 Lobelia chinensis Species Campanulaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO20295 Eclipta prostrata Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO25660 Gypsophila oldhamiana Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO11597 Stellaria dichotoma Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO26094 Stolonica socialis Species Styelidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO18930 Rubus coreanus Species Rosaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26422 Rubus chingii Species Rosaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO20295 Eclipta prostrata Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO28938 Artemisia coerulescens Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO14650 Lobelia chinensis Species Campanulaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO11597 Stellaria dichotoma Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26195 Tephrosia crassifolia Species Geometridae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO25660 Gypsophila oldhamiana Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO19755 Artemisia anomala Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO18671 Saussurea involucrata Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID NP ID Organism Material Preparation Organism Part NP Quantity (Standard) NP Quantity (Minimum) NP Quantity (Maximum) Quantity Unit Reference

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  Biological Activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference
NPT1211 Individual Protein Dual specificity protein phosphatase 3 Homo sapiens IC50 > 100000.0 nM PMID[463381]
NPT2570 Individual Protein Protein-tyrosine phosphatase LC-PTP Homo sapiens IC50 > 100000.0 nM PMID[463381]
NPT2 Others Unspecified IC50 = 64100.0 nM PMID[463381]

☑ Note for Activity Records:
☉ The quantitative biological activities were primarily integrated from ChEMBL (Version-30) database and were also directly collected from PubMed literature. PubMed PMID was provided as the reference link for each activity record.

  Chemically structural similarity: I. Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes 4,3285 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules. Tc lies between [0, 1] where '1' indicates the highest similarity. What is Tanimoto coefficient

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC67462 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
●  The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Natural Product ID
0.9744 High Similarity NPC196924
0.9744 High Similarity NPC307783
0.9744 High Similarity NPC209970
0.9744 High Similarity NPC216630
0.9744 High Similarity NPC149184
0.9744 High Similarity NPC171736
0.9268 High Similarity NPC74845
0.9231 High Similarity NPC154186
0.9231 High Similarity NPC261080
0.9231 High Similarity NPC14227
0.9231 High Similarity NPC279026
0.9231 High Similarity NPC301696
0.9231 High Similarity NPC201844
0.9231 High Similarity NPC113928
0.9231 High Similarity NPC301585
0.9048 High Similarity NPC8219
0.8837 High Similarity NPC30195
0.8837 High Similarity NPC12438
0.881 High Similarity NPC255837
0.881 High Similarity NPC19305
0.875 High Similarity NPC183424
0.875 High Similarity NPC214610
0.875 High Similarity NPC118968
0.875 High Similarity NPC294085
0.8636 High Similarity NPC324004
0.8636 High Similarity NPC328497
0.8636 High Similarity NPC21844
0.8571 High Similarity NPC301528
0.8571 High Similarity NPC71317
0.8571 High Similarity NPC129972
0.8537 High Similarity NPC12156
0.8537 High Similarity NPC161097
0.8537 High Similarity NPC28598
0.85 High Similarity NPC268826
0.8462 Intermediate Similarity NPC155263
0.8444 Intermediate Similarity NPC477878
0.8444 Intermediate Similarity NPC106872
0.8444 Intermediate Similarity NPC324793
0.8333 Intermediate Similarity NPC103286
0.8333 Intermediate Similarity NPC163746
0.8205 Intermediate Similarity NPC156630
0.8182 Intermediate Similarity NPC55023
0.814 Intermediate Similarity NPC236579
0.814 Intermediate Similarity NPC203531
0.8085 Intermediate Similarity NPC90904
0.8049 Intermediate Similarity NPC22903
0.8049 Intermediate Similarity NPC54980
0.8049 Intermediate Similarity NPC305660
0.8049 Intermediate Similarity NPC201622
0.8 Intermediate Similarity NPC314679
0.8 Intermediate Similarity NPC134782
0.7955 Intermediate Similarity NPC317128
0.7872 Intermediate Similarity NPC304162
0.7872 Intermediate Similarity NPC26253
0.7857 Intermediate Similarity NPC219536
0.7857 Intermediate Similarity NPC31551
0.7778 Intermediate Similarity NPC47363
0.7778 Intermediate Similarity NPC287231
0.7778 Intermediate Similarity NPC469781
0.7692 Intermediate Similarity NPC175342
0.7674 Intermediate Similarity NPC256163
0.7674 Intermediate Similarity NPC250028
0.7674 Intermediate Similarity NPC149299
0.7674 Intermediate Similarity NPC165533
0.7674 Intermediate Similarity NPC40597
0.766 Intermediate Similarity NPC200618
0.766 Intermediate Similarity NPC131770
0.7619 Intermediate Similarity NPC73245
0.76 Intermediate Similarity NPC72722
0.7551 Intermediate Similarity NPC470412
0.7551 Intermediate Similarity NPC470410
0.75 Intermediate Similarity NPC248763
0.75 Intermediate Similarity NPC53541
0.75 Intermediate Similarity NPC325452
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPC261831
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPC88966
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPC32467
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPC6095
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPC154245
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPC87394
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPC281972
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPC87564
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPC320588
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPC23155
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPC53463
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPC25417
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPC290563
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPC469937
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPC85813
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPC424
0.7442 Intermediate Similarity NPC223249
0.7442 Intermediate Similarity NPC80234
0.7381 Intermediate Similarity NPC158179
0.7347 Intermediate Similarity NPC55678
0.7333 Intermediate Similarity NPC289686
0.7292 Intermediate Similarity NPC180534
0.7255 Intermediate Similarity NPC321062
0.7255 Intermediate Similarity NPC294548
0.7255 Intermediate Similarity NPC139029
0.7255 Intermediate Similarity NPC1813
0.7255 Intermediate Similarity NPC36061
0.7255 Intermediate Similarity NPC70387
0.725 Intermediate Similarity NPC18224
0.725 Intermediate Similarity NPC328710
0.7234 Intermediate Similarity NPC166287
0.72 Intermediate Similarity NPC100096
0.7174 Intermediate Similarity NPC76051
0.717 Intermediate Similarity NPC18951
0.717 Intermediate Similarity NPC477201
0.7059 Intermediate Similarity NPC18357
0.7059 Intermediate Similarity NPC281245
0.7059 Intermediate Similarity NPC92114
0.7045 Intermediate Similarity NPC3531
0.7 Intermediate Similarity NPC50457
0.6977 Remote Similarity NPC128996
0.6977 Remote Similarity NPC252843
0.6977 Remote Similarity NPC109026
0.6923 Remote Similarity NPC174368
0.6905 Remote Similarity NPC317203
0.6875 Remote Similarity NPC63182
0.6875 Remote Similarity NPC52700
0.6875 Remote Similarity NPC105329
0.6875 Remote Similarity NPC145045
0.6863 Remote Similarity NPC262968
0.6863 Remote Similarity NPC287811
0.6852 Remote Similarity NPC179764
0.6852 Remote Similarity NPC187777
0.6818 Remote Similarity NPC326532
0.6786 Remote Similarity NPC470363
0.6786 Remote Similarity NPC469924
0.6786 Remote Similarity NPC106851
0.6786 Remote Similarity NPC274927
0.6744 Remote Similarity NPC80396
0.6744 Remote Similarity NPC80641
0.6744 Remote Similarity NPC154642
0.6735 Remote Similarity NPC326957
0.6735 Remote Similarity NPC249754
0.6731 Remote Similarity NPC310746
0.6727 Remote Similarity NPC225929
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPC473863
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPC243532
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPC274290
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPC224227
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPC57499
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPC54766
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPC273545
0.6667 Remote Similarity NPC59051
0.6604 Remote Similarity NPC39633
0.6604 Remote Similarity NPC309606
0.6604 Remote Similarity NPC139545
0.66 Remote Similarity NPC216130
0.6591 Remote Similarity NPC74352
0.6585 Remote Similarity NPC76608
0.6585 Remote Similarity NPC225318
0.6585 Remote Similarity NPC16578
0.6585 Remote Similarity NPC149101
0.6552 Remote Similarity NPC201939
0.6552 Remote Similarity NPC469923
0.6531 Remote Similarity NPC308301
0.6512 Remote Similarity NPC223374
0.6512 Remote Similarity NPC86545
0.6512 Remote Similarity NPC196442
0.6512 Remote Similarity NPC301398
0.6471 Remote Similarity NPC476469
0.6471 Remote Similarity NPC149821
0.6471 Remote Similarity NPC5413
0.6441 Remote Similarity NPC235788
0.6441 Remote Similarity NPC474552
0.6429 Remote Similarity NPC12231
0.6429 Remote Similarity NPC291158
0.6429 Remote Similarity NPC205141
0.6429 Remote Similarity NPC139131
0.6429 Remote Similarity NPC181516
0.6429 Remote Similarity NPC185538
0.6429 Remote Similarity NPC152759
0.6429 Remote Similarity NPC272998
0.6415 Remote Similarity NPC161366
0.6379 Remote Similarity NPC122521
0.6379 Remote Similarity NPC469921
0.6379 Remote Similarity NPC251042
0.6379 Remote Similarity NPC174447
0.6379 Remote Similarity NPC235242
0.6364 Remote Similarity NPC228473
0.6364 Remote Similarity NPC474392
0.6364 Remote Similarity NPC28779
0.6364 Remote Similarity NPC10316
0.6364 Remote Similarity NPC474914
0.6364 Remote Similarity NPC200845
0.6364 Remote Similarity NPC128061
0.6364 Remote Similarity NPC223677
0.6346 Remote Similarity NPC319110
0.6346 Remote Similarity NPC305182
0.6346 Remote Similarity NPC329181
0.6341 Remote Similarity NPC168982
0.6333 Remote Similarity NPC328089
0.6333 Remote Similarity NPC314103
0.6333 Remote Similarity NPC68343
0.6304 Remote Similarity NPC81263
0.629 Remote Similarity NPC286842
0.6279 Remote Similarity NPC154396

  Chemically structural similarity: II. Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC67462 and all drugs/candidates.
●  The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Drug ID Developmental Stage
0.9744 High Similarity NPD2270 Approved
0.9231 High Similarity NPD9448 Phase 2
0.9231 High Similarity NPD633 Phase 3
0.9048 High Similarity NPD3199 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.8974 High Similarity NPD3206 Approved
0.875 High Similarity NPD9655 Approved
0.8 Intermediate Similarity NPD634 Phase 3
0.7778 Intermediate Similarity NPD2699 Approved
0.7755 Intermediate Similarity NPD3186 Phase 1
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPD4266 Approved
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPD3194 Approved
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPD3730 Approved
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPD3196 Approved
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPD3728 Approved
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPD3729 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7451 Intermediate Similarity NPD3195 Phase 2
0.7333 Intermediate Similarity NPD387 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.7292 Intermediate Similarity NPD622 Approved
0.7255 Intermediate Similarity NPD3172 Approved
0.7234 Intermediate Similarity NPD9430 Approved
0.7234 Intermediate Similarity NPD9431 Approved
0.7045 Intermediate Similarity NPD77 Approved
0.7045 Intermediate Similarity NPD9450 Approved
0.6939 Remote Similarity NPD6125 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6863 Remote Similarity NPD29 Approved
0.6863 Remote Similarity NPD28 Approved
0.6818 Remote Similarity NPD9513 Phase 1
0.6792 Remote Similarity NPD615 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6786 Remote Similarity NPD3198 Approved
0.661 Remote Similarity NPD7909 Approved
0.66 Remote Similarity NPD2266 Phase 2
0.6591 Remote Similarity NPD9449 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6538 Remote Similarity NPD9638 Phase 2
0.6471 Remote Similarity NPD3173 Approved
0.6429 Remote Similarity NPD5383 Approved
0.6429 Remote Similarity NPD2272 Approved
0.6333 Remote Similarity NPD3197 Phase 1
0.6279 Remote Similarity NPD8857 Approved
0.617 Remote Similarity NPD9635 Discontinued
0.6136 Remote Similarity NPD9447 Approved
0.6 Remote Similarity NPD9676 Phase 3
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPD4222 Approved
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPD39 Approved
0.5882 Remote Similarity NPD3174 Discontinued
0.5873 Remote Similarity NPD4224 Phase 2
0.5833 Remote Similarity NPD9656 Approved
0.58 Remote Similarity NPD9019 Approved
0.5672 Remote Similarity NPD6081 Approved
0.5672 Remote Similarity NPD6944 Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5606 Remote Similarity NPD8277 Approved

  Bioactivity similarity: Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.

Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity
B: biological targets similarity
C: networks similarity
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity
E: similarity based on clinical data