Organism Name: Garcinia hombroniana

Organism ID:   NPO20779
Organism Name:   Garcinia hombroniana
Native / Engineered Organism:   Native Organism
Matched Taxonomy Level:   Species
Organism External ID:   NCBI_Taxonomy_ID[ 180107]
Organism Synonyms:  
Genus:   Garcinia
Family:   Clusiaceae
Kingdom:   Viridiplantae
SuperKingdom:   Eukaryota

  Individual Natural Products

Natural Product ID Prefer Name (or InChiKey) IUPAC Name Number of Targets Number of Activity Records
NPC20791 Quercetin 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one 553 2064
NPC219092 QIMAAFXJNKMZMG-PGIFLFFBSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC74942 OEMGXTOORNZOFO-ZETCQYMHSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC287965 FESAEKUFXJFTFG-AVXRNDHPSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC247713 FAARLWTXUUQFSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n.a. 2 3
NPC225585 24-Hydroxyursolic Acid (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid 1 1
NPC82853 FGPADURWDAOPIH-FDACYMLBSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC37502 LXEQIOGTMDLLEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n.a. 12 17
NPC40702 KLAGYIBJNXLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n.a. 14 21
NPC179548 AZWYALFKHJLDEH-UVBBDWRISA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC99408 CPWYQGWOJMNXGJ-GWHAWYEISA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC109878 IYMHVUYNBVWXKH-HUMDKZJCSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC190713 Garcihombronanes C methyl (E,4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-[(3R,5R,10S,13S,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,17-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,16-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylhept-2-enoate 4 5
NPC124639 MACFXELYCBWKGT-VFTFQOQOSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC178383 Betulin (1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a-(hydroxymethyl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol 117 491
NPC141497 Garcihombronane J methyl (2R,6R)-6-[(3R,5R,8S,10S,13S,14S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8,12,15-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methyl-4-oxoheptanoate 1 1
NPC191306 Luteolin-4'glucoside 5,7-dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one 5 15
NPC157340 Glycerin propane-1,2,3-triol 14 26
NPC237643 DOSGOFPXAZRTGO-XCBQHMCESA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC380 SBOBXVGDOAOGKL-APDFJSHFSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC305959 KZEYIYXACMUTRM-WIMKJKQSSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC27657 KZJWDPNRJALLNS-MTSLVBBRSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC129530 MNDRREBOYDUWDG-JGCGQSQUSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC38408 XCTGXGVGJYACEI-LCENJUANSA-O n.a. 0 0
NPC155825 VBAWGFYDBLNJMJ-FLWHNBGXSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC26861 ZJVUMAFASBFUBG-WQNAGAJOSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC166851 CHBITXAMNKHJCR-VGYCLGPVSA-N n.a. 4 12
NPC104222 Pentagalloyl Glucose [(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrakis[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 95 250
NPC289196 LPXGCZRQLILWOH-UKZWKHHHSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC119289 LAWYTMOLUTUILN-UQJOBEJESA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC86133 MMQXBTULXAEKQE-XTHHUPATSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC81995 YHLSPQSTDNPICV-RDJZCZTQSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC25162 PBBNQHBZSUCLLZ-ZJUJOLHASA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC264317 Betulinic Acid (1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-9-hydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid 220 1022
NPC225710 Gallic Acid 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid 146 467
NPC173977 KPGXIKDTCNMCAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC202713 ZNUNRMPPGAAKKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC281570 OEAQELZCLQUGBM-FVJNCTQXSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC24858 ZASJRRFAYSNSHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC168636 SOEACRLLVZHBKW-GORDUTHDSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC14030 Corilagin n.a. 24 52
NPC276349 DXPOSCCEFMILRG-AAPYWPIYSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC146066 SOEACRLLVZHBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC79742 UFVGYQQCHANGSN-SSLXYFFCSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC38145 INAAWUYFPBBBCN-OTRJOQGQSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC97680 XOJWEJLMDBNZEF-KGBDVAHLSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC88130 KMVCKNBQSQYJHC-JVJPLZHYSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC249823 FOTVSXFSPLKLQZ-GSVOUGTGSA-M n.a. 0 0
NPC74428 TXPZOUVETLGUPE-GOGWWVIGSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC139622 TYHJMEIBGDDCPA-SECBINFHSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC189224 JXSVIVRDWWRQRT-LBWJMHIJSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC44083 Sitosteryl Acetate [(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate 2 2
NPC175013 Tricetin 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 32 55
NPC84319 Maslinic Acid (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 53 170
NPC474493 Garcihombronane F (3R,5S,8S,9R,10S,13S,17S)-4,4,10,13,17-pentamethyl-17-[(2R,3Z)-6-methylhepta-3,5-dien-2-yl]-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,11,12,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,9-diol 1 1
NPC110657 Garcihombronanes D (2R,6R)-6-[(3S,5R,8S,10S,13S,14S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8,12,15-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methyl-4-oxoheptanoic acid 1 1
NPC205037 1,4,6-Tri-O-Galloyl-Beta-D-Glucose [(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3,6-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 5 5
NPC135222 GEAGRKQCZVLNAU-FYHMHJJZSA-N n.a. 1 1
NPC72924 FXVRSKPFWVYCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n.a. 1 2
NPC184571 ZUMPYZVELBOZDM-RHMWYWNKSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC220831 WABDDVFNZRATDQ-FCVRUJCXSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC92569 JSJZMFCPDIARRB-IOFVILOSSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC142415 Oleanolic_Acid (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 174 689
NPC243728 Daucosterol (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 37 69
NPC211550 JSEPSLOCPQODTM-ZCFIWIBFSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC43918 Punicafolin n.a. 12 15
NPC5447 Delphinidin 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol 4 6
NPC228914 IIUPGTTUHKSCLM-XZBAWFTESA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC123259 Punicalin n.a. 10 22
NPC52622 JYPJJOONMBTTAR-HZAFDXASSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC267627 NDXSDWFOYZXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n.a. 6 6
NPC230301 Beta-Sitosterol (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 107 201
NPC258733 DWPLSWUWIQCXHH-NWLUKJENSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC168623 SLCKJKWFULXZBD-ZOTFFYTFSA-O n.a. 0 0
NPC9666 TXPZOUVETLGUPE-VNMUTAEKSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC293908 Galactitol (2R,3S,4R,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol 7 24
NPC285839 JYPJJOONMBTTAR-UKAZSCPXSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC195491 JYPJJOONMBTTAR-LUOGNMCTSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC252833 Coniferyl 9-O-[Beta-D-Apiofuranosyl(1->6)]-O-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol 2 6
NPC279410 Garcihombronane H (E,6R)-6-[(3R,5S,8S,9R,10S,14S,17S)-3,9-dihydroxy-4,4,10,14,17-pentamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,11,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylhept-2-enoic acid 1 1
NPC19783 SNZDGEJBNXDUOT-HNNXBMFYSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC16024 1,3,4-Tri-O-Galloyl-Beta-D-Glucose [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]oxan-3-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 1 1
NPC283655 Borneol (1R,3S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-ol 32 77
NPC291957 Strictinin n.a. 6 6
NPC120503 FGPADURWDAOPIH-HNJRSMSDSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC107674 Methyl (25R)-3Beta-Hydroxy-23-Oxo-9,15-Lanostadien-26-Oate methyl (2R,6R)-6-[(3S,5R,8S,10S,13S,14S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8,12,15-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methyl-4-oxoheptanoate 1 1
NPC217586 UTPWFCOYBGZAFI-HNNXBMFYSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC259838 XJAVIPDOVORKLF-QOMRZRRLSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC218107 Garcihombronane B methyl (E,4R,6R)-6-[(3R,5S,8S,9R,10S,13S,17S)-3,9-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,17-pentamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,11,12,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-4-hydroxy-2-methylhept-2-enoate 1 1
NPC265273 FUVJOQCLUAFSFU-JAYXHAGHSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC221758 Pregnenolone 1-[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethanone 40 105
NPC279121 Luteolin 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one 269 872
NPC227030 HLPZZZJXJPXFIM-RUZDIDTESA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC293378 Citric Acid 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid 38 217
NPC237898 MKSFEZKHACTMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n.a. 4 5
NPC97131 AWLJZFUREZNLGG-YNDNJQNWSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC46274 Cyanidin 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol 13 39
NPC165382 YXZYFHXWEOAXLF-UGAZNADUSA-N n.a. 1 1
NPC51700 Ursolic Acid (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid 175 680
NPC219600 Eschweilenol C n.a. 10 12
NPC285047 DVGAUVZPQOOYFU-NEPZAQASSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC87263 MVJJDNSSMDZLJK-ZNVBVIBUSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC178134 Ellagic Acid n.a. 254 493
NPC44260 1,2,6-Tri-O-Galloyl-Beta-D-Glucose [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5,6-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 13 17
NPC237202 Punicalagin n.a. 13 25
NPC31039 UYUWZEVALXYVNM-MGMQMRNLSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC190501 Estrone (8R,9S,13S,14S)-3-hydroxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one 80 343
NPC195874 KZEYIYXACMUTRM-PLKLNDPRSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC26703 FYNSEZWOBGHZMX-NONVESTASA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC184171 CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-BGDVVUGTSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC44996 OYPBFXPEIVEPRY-QYVHAINRSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC295417 NALYUPYCMXELRP-LQZDAVIGSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC121162 OFMXGFHWLZPCFL-ACRUQRPVSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC259533 CDGMUQZUKOLERM-AOWPZERNSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC218860 GZSQKOFXMZDKPV-OTCFHACESA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC119562 Garcihombronane I (E,6R)-6-[(3S,5S,8S,9R,10S,14S,17S)-3,9-dihydroxy-4,4,10,14,17-pentamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,11,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylhept-2-enoic acid 1 1
NPC43357 IQHIEHIKNWLKFB-YRUXTXJMSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC169749 Myricetin 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 266 731
NPC187838 OKJJYRXMWBRXAY-HYRRTZFHSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC57495 FESAEKUFXJFTFG-WCEBJTTFSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC33611 5-[(3R,3As,6R,6As)-3-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-Yl)-1,3,3A,4,6,6A-Hexahydrofuro[3,4-C]Furan-6-Yl]-1,3-Benzodioxole 5-[(3R,3aS,6R,6aS)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-6-yl]-1,3-benzodioxole 59 59
NPC153031 VGVDLJNNDOFWKT-HQHREHCSSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC181823 TYHJMEIBGDDCPA-VIFPVBQESA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC195196 Sinapyl 9-O-[Beta-D-Apiofuranosyl(1->6)]-O-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-6-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol 2 6
NPC32089 AZBTYCNYKJMLCX-FAOOYVDXSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC307063 Friedeline (4R,4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bS)-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-one 23 35
NPC248956 (1S,5R)-9-Methyl-9-Azabicyclo[3.3.1]Nonan-3-One (1S,5R)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one 3 3
NPC196336 RGPBPCRAEMVBJF-SUOWWFBESA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC272123 ZSGXCHNAYOOIFO-OAHLLOKOSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC143851 Apigenin 4'-Beta-O-D-Glucopyranoside 5,7-dihydroxy-2-[4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one 1 1
NPC125136 TXPZOUVETLGUPE-WKYFHWKMSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC264145 Gallic Acid Methyl Ester methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 49 73
NPC261831 Oleic Acid (Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid 128 256
NPC169022 LDPMIAHPDVDASX-RHXAIUOTSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC300790 GXNAJCYGMNREKO-DVHASCOZSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC113733 Stigmasterol (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(E,2R,5S)-5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 37 91
NPC175793 YKDNTEQLKGYZHT-JSAIFSMWSA-N n.a. 2 2
NPC311907 OKUGUNDXBGUFPA-OCGSKHJZSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC175854 UQLAHIIDGZYPEA-RRSGEQLSSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC79834 XJAVIPDOVORKLF-NLRROZQWSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC75234 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-NEVBXHALSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC6773 BYMJQPSBSTWSGH-ZHCBIKMQSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC192638 Lupeol (1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol 122 215
NPC213352 WJCIWKNYROGCFD-FKYBFWJDSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC446 WCGUUGGRBIKTOS-FTBVRPNCSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC125352 Punicacortein C n.a. 9 12
NPC104281 ZRKSVMFLACVUIU-OGJBWQGYSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC8094 JEIZLWNUBXHADF-MRVPVSSYSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC212301 Garcihombronanes E (2R,6R)-6-[(3R,5R,8S,10S,13S,14S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8,12,15-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methyl-4-oxoheptanoic acid 1 1
NPC302436 QQCZNZXPXUYJPB-UZDICKIFSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC144109 DNXHEGUUPJUMQT-HPFXQQBRSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC86412 Mannitol (2R,3R,4R,5R)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol 33 333
NPC41424 FESAEKUFXJFTFG-BUUUWVKPSA-N n.a. 0 0
NPC99726 Garcihombronane G (2E,4Z,6R)-6-[(3R,5S,8S,9R,10S,14S,17S)-3,9-dihydroxy-4,4,10,14,17-pentamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,11,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylhepta-2,4-dienoic acid 1 1

  NPs produced by Co-culture Organisms (for Co-culture organisms, the full organism list can be found HERE)

Organism Name Producer Organism Inducer Organism NP ID NP Name Effect of Co-culture Reference

  NPs produced by Engineered Organisms (for Engineered organisms, the full organism list can be found HERE)

Organism Name Parent Organism Name Engineered Gene in Organism Purpose of Engineering Engineering Category Engineering Description NP ID NP Name NP Yeild of Parent Organism NP Yeild of Engineered Organism Yeild Change Reference

  The Quantitative Compositions of NPs in Organism

Organism ID NP ID Organism Material Preparation Organism Part NP Quantity (Standard) NP Quantity (Minimum) NP Quantity (Maximum) Quantity Unit Reference