NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC88325

Natural Product ID	NPC88325
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Oct-1-Ene
IUPAC Name	oct-1-ene
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL1376677
PubChem CID	8125
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0002837] Hydrocarbons [CHEMONTID:0004475] Unsaturated hydrocarbons [CHEMONTID:0004476] Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 24 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -2.2527 1.2866 -1.1947 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6176 0.2013 -0.2203 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5403 -0.8525 -0.1020 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2303 -0.2735 0.3698 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7739 -1.4030 0.4543 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1021 -0.8556 0.9256 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6074 0.1636 -0.0093 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8394 1.4102 0.3694 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6580 2.1069 -0.7002 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7652 0.9146 -2.1133 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2195 1.7905 -1.4843 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5337 -0.2903 -0.6071 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8739 0.6630 0.7331 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3913 -1.3238 -1.0934 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9023 -1.6273 0.5952 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1568 0.4444 -0.3738 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2857 0.1969 1.3491 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9289 -1.9128 -0.5126 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4322 -2.1664 1.1797 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9429 -0.4645 1.9459 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8374 -1.6883 1.0136 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7861 -0.1550 -1.0448 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2177 2.1658 -0.3383 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6457 1.6692 1.4020 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 1 9 1 0 1 10 1 0 1 11 1 0 2 12 1 0 2 13 1 0 3 14 1 0 3 15 1 0 4 16 1 0 4 17 1 0 5 18 1 0 5 19 1 0 6 20 1 0 6 21 1 0 7 22 1 0 8 23 1 0 8 24 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C8H16/c1-3-5-7-8-6-4-2/h3H,1,4-8H2,2H3
SMILES	CCCCCCC=C

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	112.13	Volume:	144.288 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.777	LogP:	4.543 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	3.306 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-4.494 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	5.0	Rigid Bonds:	1.0
TPSA:	0.0 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	0.0
H-Bond Donor:	0.0	Rings:	0.0
Heavy Atoms:	0.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.378	GASA:	0.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	1.875	Fsp³:	0.75
MCE-18:	0.0 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Accepted	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.05	Fluc inhibitor:	0.024 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.001 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	1.0	Promiscuous compounds:	0.052

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.858	MDCK Permeability:	-4.69
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.358	Pgp-substrate:	0.022
PAMPA:	0.012 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.255
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.53	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.785
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.734

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.776	MRP1:	0.718
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	98.489%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.489
Fu:	1.477% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.807
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.975	BCRP inhibitor:	0.856
BSEP inhibitor:	0.444

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.001	CYP1A2-substrate:	1.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.41	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.101
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.999	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.617
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.99	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.749
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	1.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.978	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	1.0
HLM stability:	0.53 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

7.178

Half-life (T1/2):

0.746

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.191	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.744
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.239	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.073
AMES Toxicity:	0.254	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.331
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.187	Skin Sensitization:	0.964
Carcinogencity:	0.375	Eye Corrosion:	0.999
Eye Irritation:	0.999	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.745
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.327	Ototoxicity:	0.155
Hematotoxicity:	0.136	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.088
Genotoxicity:	0.001	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.044
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.31	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.093
BCF:	2.851 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.868 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.36 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.671 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO20440	Chrysanthemum x morifolium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	Flowers	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.03.042]
NPO28276	Artemisia argyi	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.054]
NPO20440	Chrysanthemum x morifolium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	Flowers	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.3136/fstr.15.499]
NPO20440	Chrysanthemum x morifolium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	Flowers	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.5897/AJB10.140]
NPO20440	Chrysanthemum x morifolium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	Flowers	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.5897/AJB2010.000-3252]
NPO25094	Artemisia princeps	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[17996677]
NPO20440	Chrysanthemum x morifolium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	Flowers	Tongxiang, China	n.a.	PMID[24621197]
NPO20440	Chrysanthemum x morifolium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	Flowers	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[28248102]
NPO28276	Artemisia argyi	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[31181920]
NPO28276	Artemisia argyi	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[31418264]
NPO28276	Artemisia argyi	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38754641]
NPO28276	Artemisia argyi	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO10492	Artemisia montana	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO25094	Artemisia princeps	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO20440	Chrysanthemum x morifolium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19048	Pinellia ternata	Species	Araceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO7642	Cleome gynandra	Species	Cleomaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19048	Pinellia ternata	Species	Araceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO25094	Artemisia princeps	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO7642	Cleome gynandra	Species	Cleomaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO28276	Artemisia argyi	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO19048	Pinellia ternata	Species	Araceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO7642	Cleome gynandra	Species	Cleomaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO28276	Artemisia argyi	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO20440	Chrysanthemum x morifolium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO25094	Artemisia princeps	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO28276	Artemisia argyi	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO19048	Pinellia ternata	Species	Araceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO10492	Artemisia montana	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO28276	Artemisia argyi	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO20440	Chrysanthemum x morifolium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO19048	Pinellia ternata	Species	Araceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO25094	Artemisia princeps	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO25094	Artemisia princeps	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO20440	Chrysanthemum x morifolium	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO7642	Cleome gynandra	Species	Cleomaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO10492	Artemisia montana	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19048	Pinellia ternata	Species	Araceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO28276	Artemisia argyi	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Potency	17

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual protein	6
Cell line	1
Others	10

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT162	Individual protein	Heat shock protein beta-1	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	59381.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT210	Individual protein	Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	Potency	=	5011.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT108	Individual protein	Estrogen receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	12589.3	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT152	Individual protein	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	47307.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT74	Individual protein	Proto-oncogene c-JUN	Homo sapiens	Potency	n.a.	59381.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT347	Cell line	Lymphoblastoid cells	Homo sapiens	Potency	=	1258.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	11848.2	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	66086.3	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	58899.4	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	23640.3	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	59381.6	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	52923.9	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Potency	n.a.	104739.7	nM	PubChem BioAssay data set

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference
-	Rattus norvegicus	NOEL	=	100.0	mg/kg-day	ToxVal
-	Rattus norvegicus	NOAEL	=	1000.0	mg/kg-day	ToxVal
-	Rattus norvegicus	NOEL	=	300.0	mg/kg-day	ToxVal
-	Rattus norvegicus	NOAEC	=	13768.9	mg/m3	ToxVal
-	Rattus norvegicus	NOEL	=	1000.0	mg/kg-day	ToxVal
-	Rattus norvegicus	LD50	>	5000.0	mg/kg	ToxVal
-	Rattus norvegicus	LC50	=	36946.6	mg/m3	ToxVal
-	Rattus norvegicus	NOEL	=	50.0	mg/kg-day	ToxVal
-	Rattus norvegicus	NOAEL	=	44.0	mg/kg-day	ToxVal
-	Oryctolagus cuniculus	LD50	>	2.0	mL/kg bw	ToxVal
-	Oryctolagus cuniculus	LD50	>	10000.0	mg/kg	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	LEL	=	32127.4	mg/m3	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	PAC-3	=	9179.27	mg/m3	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	PAC-2	=	3671.71	mg/m3	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	PAC-1	=	183.585	mg/m3	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	MEG	=	184.0	mg/m3	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	MEG	=	3670.0	mg/m3	ToxVal
-	Homo sapiens	MEG	=	9180.0	mg/m3	ToxVal

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC88325 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	42526
0.1-0.2	6334
0.2-0.3	757
0.3-0.4	189
0.4-0.5	27
0.5-0.6	14
0.6-0.7	3
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	6

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
1.0	High Similarity	NPC266539
1.0	High Similarity	NPC179103
1.0	High Similarity	NPC287191
1.0	High Similarity	NPC31891
1.0	High Similarity	NPC266144
1.0	High Similarity	NPC76765
0.7692	Intermediate Similarity	NPC38513
0.6429	Remote Similarity	NPC178306
0.625	Remote Similarity	NPC151719
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC34671
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC273385
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC278711
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC98925
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC64370
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC82648
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC227986
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC239406
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC77249
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC26974
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC136996
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC302327
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC154477
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC89422
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC26229

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC88325 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	8535
0.1-0.2	557
0.2-0.3	45
0.3-0.4	13
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data