NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC271285

Natural Product ID	NPC271285
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	NCUGSKHACUXXDP-VONYEQKCSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	5316473
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000259] Prenol lipids [CHEMONTID:0001551] Diterpenoids [CHEMONTID:0000676] Taxanes and derivatives

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 79 83 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -4.0494 -1.1819 -1.9196 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6332 -1.4873 -1.6012 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2779 -1.4418 -0.3208 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1428 -0.5296 0.4035 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4830 0.8335 0.3616 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3710 1.6066 -0.0656 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2139 1.5267 0.6393 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9668 1.5810 2.1063 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5043 2.9812 0.2117 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4106 3.9272 0.4433 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8193 3.4640 -0.2585 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0759 2.0283 -0.3115 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0040 2.2256 0.8267 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9039 3.6226 0.6056 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0607 1.0535 -0.2047 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4784 -0.2830 0.0448 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0485 -1.4835 -0.7291 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2756 -1.3288 -2.1567 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6196 -1.8153 -2.6244 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9638 -1.0619 -3.7804 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0833 -2.2504 0.0282 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2481 -3.6432 -0.5351 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8033 -2.4068 1.4701 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9122 -0.2782 -0.0346 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7189 -0.6640 1.0345 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1618 -1.0173 2.0820 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1711 -0.6638 0.9570 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8882 -1.0601 2.0620 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2711 -1.0918 2.0796 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9391 -0.7092 0.9403 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2292 -0.3143 -0.1611 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8698 -0.2884 -0.1634 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8676 1.7149 -1.4756 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4437 2.0108 -2.7616 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3366 2.5705 -2.9448 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2680 1.6832 -3.9536 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6289 3.3516 0.9857 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1854 -0.9024 1.7668 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3270 -1.1471 2.4684 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4404 -1.0477 1.9096 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2656 -1.5318 3.8936 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7647 -1.8220 -1.3398 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1885 -1.5506 -2.9748 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3125 -0.1296 -1.9520 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1864 -0.4896 0.0756 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9843 1.5537 2.6009 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4916 2.4859 2.4874 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4413 0.6992 2.5242 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7809 2.9804 -0.8550 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2408 4.2343 1.4981 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7299 4.9000 -0.0435 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0268 4.0091 -1.1997 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7401 1.9103 1.8264 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1053 2.0122 0.6398 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5189 1.1581 -1.2517 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2940 -0.5603 1.1246 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8665 -2.2273 -0.6567 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4629 -1.9056 -2.8100 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1832 -0.3032 -2.5610 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6264 -2.8535 -2.9886 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2715 -1.2481 -4.4483 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2665 -3.8339 -0.9305 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4268 -3.8993 -1.2340 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1414 -4.4426 0.2645 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4740 -3.2569 1.8239 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0351 -1.5873 2.1402 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2130 -2.8421 1.5710 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3742 -1.3686 2.9795 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.8125 -1.4059 2.9568 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.0230 -0.7229 0.9219 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.7655 -0.0176 -1.0458 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2752 0.0208 -1.0235 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1327 2.3827 -3.9574 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6719 0.6541 -3.8092 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6880 1.7746 -4.8758 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1381 4.0224 0.4371 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2409 -0.6223 4.5625 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1462 -2.1514 4.1740 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3144 -2.1087 4.0309 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 5 7 1 0 7 8 1 1 7 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 12 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 17 21 1 0 21 22 1 0 21 23 1 0 16 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 25 26 2 0 25 27 1 0 27 28 2 0 28 29 1 0 29 30 2 0 30 31 1 0 31 32 2 0 12 33 1 6 33 34 1 0 34 35 2 0 34 36 1 0 9 37 1 0 4 38 1 0 38 39 1 0 39 40 2 0 39 41 1 0 19 2 1 0 32 27 1 0 21 3 1 0 15 7 1 0 14 11 1 0 1 42 1 0 1 43 1 0 1 44 1 0 4 45 1 6 8 46 1 0 8 47 1 0 8 48 1 0 9 49 1 6 10 50 1 0 10 51 1 0 11 52 1 6 13 53 1 0 13 54 1 0 15 55 1 6 16 56 1 1 17 57 1 6 18 58 1 0 18 59 1 0 19 60 1 6 20 61 1 0 22 62 1 0 22 63 1 0 22 64 1 0 23 65 1 0 23 66 1 0 23 67 1 0 28 68 1 0 29 69 1 0 30 70 1 0 31 71 1 0 32 72 1 0 36 73 1 0 36 74 1 0 36 75 1 0 37 76 1 0 41 77 1 0 41 78 1 0 41 79 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	NCUGSKHACUXXDP-VONYEQKCSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C31H38O10/c1-15-20(34)12-19-24(40-28(37)18-10-8-7-9-11-18)26-30(6,21(35)13-22-31(26,14-38-22)41-17(3)33)27(36)25(39-16(2)32)23(15)29(19,4)5/h7-11,19-22,24-26,34-35H,12-14H2,1-6H3/t19-,20-,21-,22+,24+,25+,26-,30+,31-/m0/s1
SMILES	CC1=C2[C@H](C(=O)[C@]3(C)[C@H](C[C@@H]4[C@@](CO4)([C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H]1O)C2(C)C)OC(=O)c1ccccc1)OC(=O)C)O)OC(=O)C

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	570.25	Volume:	568.76 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.003	LogP:	1.617 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	2.055 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-3.187 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	7.0	Rigid Bonds:	30.0
TPSA:	145.66 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	10.0
H-Bond Donor:	2.0	Rings:	5.0
Heavy Atoms:	10.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.315	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	5.498	Fsp³:	0.613
MCE-18:	133.76 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.745	Fluc inhibitor:	0.001 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.014 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.004 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.051	Promiscuous compounds:	0.333

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.609	MDCK Permeability:	-5.143
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.867	Pgp-substrate:	0.955
PAMPA:	0.95 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.001
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.935	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.913
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.999

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.272	MRP1:	0.998
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	60.784%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.118
Fu:	36.335% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.972	BCRP inhibitor:	0.002
BSEP inhibitor:	0.699

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.164
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.019
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.001
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.01	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.009
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	1.0
HLM stability:	0.992 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

9.333

Half-life (T1/2):

1.284

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.005	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.069
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.501	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.987
AMES Toxicity:	0.997	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.897
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.932	Skin Sensitization:	1.0
Carcinogencity:	0.973	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.071	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.272
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.988	Ototoxicity:	0.419
Hematotoxicity:	0.895	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	1.0
Genotoxicity:	1.0	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.711
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.997	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.933
BCF:	0.517 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.3 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.81 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.106 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO8936	Actaea japonica	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO15125.2	Taxus wallichiana var. wallichiana	Varieties	Taxaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO15125.2	Taxus wallichiana var. wallichiana	Varieties	Taxaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO8936	Actaea japonica	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO8936	Actaea japonica	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO15125.2	Taxus wallichiana var. wallichiana	Varieties	Taxaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC271285 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	10721
0.1-0.2	36211
0.2-0.3	2397
0.3-0.4	454
0.4-0.5	40
0.5-0.6	31
0.6-0.7	1
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.716	Intermediate Similarity	NPC155329
0.716	Intermediate Similarity	NPC114357
0.6395	Remote Similarity	NPC259144
0.5914	Remote Similarity	NPC603140
0.5843	Remote Similarity	NPC219419
0.5747	Remote Similarity	NPC229545
0.5747	Remote Similarity	NPC134685
0.56	Remote Similarity	NPC36607
0.5568	Remote Similarity	NPC197037
0.534	Remote Similarity	NPC471623
0.534	Remote Similarity	NPC208553
0.534	Remote Similarity	NPC181964
0.534	Remote Similarity	NPC307628
0.534	Remote Similarity	NPC473400
0.534	Remote Similarity	NPC603171
0.5327	Remote Similarity	NPC487361
0.5288	Remote Similarity	NPC33372
0.5288	Remote Similarity	NPC67246
0.5288	Remote Similarity	NPC324251
0.5288	Remote Similarity	NPC206211
0.5275	Remote Similarity	NPC11588
0.5238	Remote Similarity	NPC487360
0.5238	Remote Similarity	NPC479182
0.5238	Remote Similarity	NPC479180
0.5238	Remote Similarity	NPC471629
0.5238	Remote Similarity	NPC306001
0.5222	Remote Similarity	NPC91730
0.5222	Remote Similarity	NPC248265
0.5165	Remote Similarity	NPC217918
0.5165	Remote Similarity	NPC605573
0.514	Remote Similarity	NPC275170
0.5093	Remote Similarity	NPC486061
0.5093	Remote Similarity	NPC486060
0.5055	Remote Similarity	NPC92867

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC271285 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	3459
0.1-0.2	5528
0.2-0.3	150
0.3-0.4	5
0.4-0.5	6
0.5-0.6	2
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.534	Remote Similarity	NPD8485	Phase 4
0.5143	Remote Similarity	NPD8407	Phase 2

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data