NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC233443

Natural Product ID	NPC233443
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	CXQWRCVTCMQVQX-MLCCFXAWSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	12309272
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000261] Phenylpropanoids and polyketides [CHEMONTID:0000334] Flavonoids [CHEMONTID:0000337] Flavans [CHEMONTID:0001632] Flavanones [CHEMONTID:0001362] Flavanonols

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 34 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -2.6932 0.2376 -1.5967 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0057 0.4260 -1.2940 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3860 0.5364 0.0232 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4494 0.4589 1.0579 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1279 0.2684 0.7335 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7527 0.1584 -0.5887 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3216 -0.0478 -0.9359 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0181 -1.4794 -0.6997 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3863 -1.6759 -0.1580 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7703 -2.8327 0.0979 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3140 -0.5800 0.0934 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6580 -0.7821 0.3287 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4693 0.3084 0.5580 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9619 1.5853 0.5557 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6081 1.7859 0.3185 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7854 0.7022 0.0875 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4348 0.8478 -0.1531 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8074 2.6617 0.7904 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1797 -2.0670 0.3331 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0123 -2.1672 -1.9344 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8798 0.5768 2.3916 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7237 0.7291 0.3478 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3336 0.1436 -2.6121 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7319 0.4863 -2.0919 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4259 0.2124 1.5558 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1733 0.2238 -2.0101 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7052 -1.9965 -0.0441 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5292 0.1528 0.7439 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2075 2.7922 0.3165 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8031 3.4061 0.0855 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0159 -2.6216 -0.5186 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5011 -3.0104 -1.8849 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3112 -0.2534 2.7928 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.4166 0.8140 -0.3679 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 2 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 2 0 9 11 1 0 11 12 2 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 2 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 2 0 16 17 1 0 14 18 1 0 12 19 1 0 8 20 1 0 4 21 1 0 3 22 1 0 6 1 1 0 17 7 1 0 16 11 1 0 1 23 1 0 2 24 1 0 5 25 1 0 7 26 1 0 8 27 1 1 13 28 1 0 15 29 1 0 18 30 1 0 19 31 1 0 20 32 1 0 21 33 1 0 22 34 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	CXQWRCVTCMQVQX-MLCCFXAWSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C15H12O7/c16-7-4-10(19)12-11(5-7)22-15(14(21)13(12)20)6-1-2-8(17)9(18)3-6/h1-5,14-19,21H/t14-,15?/m0/s1
SMILES	c1cc(c(cc1C1[C@H](C(=O)c2c(cc(cc2O1)O)O)O)O)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	304.06	Volume:	285.403 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.065	LogP:	0.835 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	1.084 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-3.322 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	1.0	Rigid Bonds:	18.0
TPSA:	127.45 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	7.0
H-Bond Donor:	5.0	Rings:	3.0
Heavy Atoms:	7.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.501	GASA:	0.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	3.361	Fsp³:	0.133
MCE-18:	61.471 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Rejected
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	1
Chelating Alert:	1	PAINS Alert:	1
Colloidal aggregators:	0.635	Fluc inhibitor:	0.319 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.276 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.158 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.595	Promiscuous compounds:	0.451

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.957	MDCK Permeability:	-4.897
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.01	Pgp-substrate:	0.32
PAMPA:	0.867 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.018
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.627	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.989
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.999

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.002	MRP1:	0.892
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	95.546%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.394
Fu:	3.66% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.971
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.998	BCRP inhibitor:	0.761
BSEP inhibitor:	0.06

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.887	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.63	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.286	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.975
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.037
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.196
HLM stability:	0.061 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

12.785

Half-life (T1/2):

1.98

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.072	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.667
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.538	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.503
AMES Toxicity:	0.747	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.461
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.677	Skin Sensitization:	0.977
Carcinogencity:	0.371	Eye Corrosion:	0.032
Eye Irritation:	0.992	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.656
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.032	Ototoxicity:	0.7
Hematotoxicity:	0.057	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.132
Genotoxicity:	0.983	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.043
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.742	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.573
BCF:	1.032 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.525 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.482 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	3.92 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1007/s11356-018-3422-z]
NPO3057	Polygonum aviculare	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	whole plant	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/S1572-557X(05)02007-6]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	cone	n.a.	PMID[10336650]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[10654410]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[10843587]
NPO21963	Hypericum japonicum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[11914965]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	Leaves	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12088434]
NPO12181	Albizia julibrissin	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	bark	n.a.	PMID[15283458]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15516765]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15568770]
NPO12181	Albizia julibrissin	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	stem	n.a.	PMID[15577257]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15679315]
NPO25611	Smilax china	Species	Smilacaceae	Eukaryota	stems	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[16252910]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[16252923]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[16392664]
NPO17782	Inula britannica	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	flowers	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[16643020]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	roots	Hualien Hsien, Taiwan	2003-JUL	PMID[16933887]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[16933887]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	cone	n.a.	PMID[17624889]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[17951038]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18175961]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18611049]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18768384]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19476340]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[20815207]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[20973550]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[21319773]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	leaf	n.a.	PMID[21319773]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	bark	n.a.	PMID[21319773]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[21707257]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[21912858]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	cone	n.a.	PMID[22111577]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	flower	n.a.	PMID[22166201]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	leaf	n.a.	PMID[22207282]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[23700450]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[23790907]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[23806866]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	leaf	n.a.	PMID[23849114]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24295087]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24310066]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	root bark	University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno (UVPS Brno), Brno, Czech Republic	2011-APR	PMID[24901948]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	Konya, Turkey	2007-APR	PMID[24901948]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24948953]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	seed	n.a.	PMID[25433632]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25564559]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	leaves	Chungbuk, Korea	n.a.	PMID[25935644]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[25981820]
NPO25653	Spatholobus suberectus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[26690274]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	seed	n.a.	PMID[26860358]
NPO21963	Hypericum japonicum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[27116034]
NPO9124	Inula japonica	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[27276091]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	latex	n.a.	PMID[27294120]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[27575476]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[29154541]
NPO21963	Hypericum japonicum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[29667821]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[29726697]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[30298740]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[30384263]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	Root barks	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[3097265]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.		PMID[31861466]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[34443694]
NPO12935	Thymus quinquecostatus	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[34453492]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[34770961]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[35631245]
NPO3057	Polygonum aviculare	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[36558187]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[36840093]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[37020229]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[37226152]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[37631012]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38257205]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38354824]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38370080]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38381096]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38695450]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[38792127]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[39199155]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[39407547]
NPO12181	Albizia julibrissin	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[9051910]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[9868163]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	Database[Article]
NPO3057	Polygonum aviculare	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[Article]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO26378	Bistorta manshuriensis	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO23213	Bistorta officinalis	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO12935	Thymus quinquecostatus	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO25653	Spatholobus suberectus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO25716	Persicaria orientalis	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO21963	Hypericum japonicum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO31017	Polygonum orientale	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO12235	Trachelospermum jasminoides	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO7132	Smilax glabra	Species	Smilacaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO17782	Inula britannica	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO9124	Inula japonica	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO25611	Smilax china	Species	Smilacaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO3057	Polygonum aviculare	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	Essential Oil	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	Leaf	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	Leaf	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	Petiole	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	Plant	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	Plant	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	Protoplast	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	Seed	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	Shoot	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	Shoot	n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.		Database[FooDB]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.		Database[FooDB]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO9124	Inula japonica	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO17782	Inula britannica	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO25653	Spatholobus suberectus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO31017	Polygonum orientale	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO7132	Smilax glabra	Species	Smilacaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO12235	Trachelospermum jasminoides	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO21963	Hypericum japonicum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO12935	Thymus quinquecostatus	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO25611	Smilax china	Species	Smilacaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO14834	Trachelospermum asiaticum	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO3057	Polygonum aviculare	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	seed	n.a.	Database[MetaboLights]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.		Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.		Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO17782	Inula britannica	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO3057	Polygonum aviculare	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO25611	Smilax china	Species	Smilacaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO21963	Hypericum japonicum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO12181	Albizia julibrissin	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO9124	Inula japonica	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO7132	Smilax glabra	Species	Smilacaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO23213	Bistorta officinalis	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO12935	Thymus quinquecostatus	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO6826	Persicaria perfoliata	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO25716	Persicaria orientalis	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO12235	Trachelospermum jasminoides	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO25653	Spatholobus suberectus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO14834	Trachelospermum asiaticum	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO17782	Inula britannica	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO7132	Smilax glabra	Species	Smilacaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO3057	Polygonum aviculare	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO9124	Inula japonica	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO21963	Hypericum japonicum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO31017	Polygonum orientale	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO12181	Albizia julibrissin	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO12235	Trachelospermum jasminoides	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO25611	Smilax china	Species	Smilacaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO25653	Spatholobus suberectus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO7132	Smilax glabra	Species	Smilacaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO9124	Inula japonica	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO12181	Albizia julibrissin	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO12935	Thymus quinquecostatus	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO25611	Smilax china	Species	Smilacaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO17782	Inula britannica	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO26378	Bistorta manshuriensis	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO23213	Bistorta officinalis	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO12235	Trachelospermum jasminoides	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO25716	Persicaria orientalis	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO6826	Persicaria perfoliata	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO3057	Polygonum aviculare	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO25653	Spatholobus suberectus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO14834	Trachelospermum asiaticum	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12235	Trachelospermum jasminoides	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO13879	Humulus lupulus	Species	Cannabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO25611	Smilax china	Species	Smilacaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12181	Albizia julibrissin	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO8541	Oryza sativa	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19472	Thymus vulgaris	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO7132	Smilax glabra	Species	Smilacaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21963	Hypericum japonicum	Species	Hypericaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO6826	Persicaria perfoliata	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO14834	Trachelospermum asiaticum	Species	Apocynaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17782	Inula britannica	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO28265	Morus alba	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12935	Thymus quinquecostatus	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO9124	Inula japonica	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO25653	Spatholobus suberectus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO26378	Bistorta manshuriensis	Species	Polygonaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC233443 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	21860
0.1-0.2	22679
0.2-0.3	4540
0.3-0.4	508
0.4-0.5	166
0.5-0.6	55
0.6-0.7	26
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	3
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	6

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
1.0	High Similarity	NPC36835
1.0	High Similarity	NPC246162
1.0	High Similarity	NPC9743
1.0	High Similarity	NPC260491
1.0	High Similarity	NPC61506
1.0	High Similarity	NPC240476
0.8125	Intermediate Similarity	NPC62290
0.8125	Intermediate Similarity	NPC142731
0.8125	Intermediate Similarity	NPC326506
0.7959	Intermediate Similarity	NPC19721
0.7551	Intermediate Similarity	NPC21835
0.74	Intermediate Similarity	NPC4152
0.7358	Intermediate Similarity	NPC320825
0.7255	Intermediate Similarity	NPC246328
0.7255	Intermediate Similarity	NPC27532
0.717	Intermediate Similarity	NPC611035
0.7115	Intermediate Similarity	NPC44721
0.7115	Intermediate Similarity	NPC211466
0.7115	Intermediate Similarity	NPC605332
0.7091	Intermediate Similarity	NPC326037
0.7091	Intermediate Similarity	NPC13858
0.7059	Intermediate Similarity	NPC279417
0.7059	Intermediate Similarity	NPC49130
0.6981	Remote Similarity	NPC250922
0.6792	Remote Similarity	NPC306607
0.6792	Remote Similarity	NPC606962
0.6731	Remote Similarity	NPC208176
0.6719	Remote Similarity	NPC186847
0.6415	Remote Similarity	NPC261619
0.6415	Remote Similarity	NPC61477
0.6415	Remote Similarity	NPC78770
0.6415	Remote Similarity	NPC219876
0.6415	Remote Similarity	NPC126029
0.6415	Remote Similarity	NPC15658
0.6182	Remote Similarity	NPC321011
0.6182	Remote Similarity	NPC294852
0.6182	Remote Similarity	NPC188679
0.614	Remote Similarity	NPC471744
0.6111	Remote Similarity	NPC600246
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC160156
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC250963
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC325028
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC201837
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC274256
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC92565
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC109582
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC291220
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC256346
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC606550
0.5942	Remote Similarity	NPC138688
0.5942	Remote Similarity	NPC72787
0.5942	Remote Similarity	NPC217795
0.5942	Remote Similarity	NPC58223
0.5893	Remote Similarity	NPC176869
0.5893	Remote Similarity	NPC3779
0.5862	Remote Similarity	NPC178054
0.5849	Remote Similarity	NPC1940
0.5846	Remote Similarity	NPC63438
0.5797	Remote Similarity	NPC36916
0.5797	Remote Similarity	NPC36
0.5797	Remote Similarity	NPC7154
0.5797	Remote Similarity	NPC125039
0.5797	Remote Similarity	NPC7688
0.5758	Remote Similarity	NPC270578
0.5758	Remote Similarity	NPC52382
0.5735	Remote Similarity	NPC607309
0.5672	Remote Similarity	NPC163191
0.5667	Remote Similarity	NPC150670
0.5634	Remote Similarity	NPC279209
0.5634	Remote Similarity	NPC102277
0.5634	Remote Similarity	NPC479117
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC75827
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC601844
0.5507	Remote Similarity	NPC22192
0.5507	Remote Similarity	NPC606364
0.541	Remote Similarity	NPC20907
0.5357	Remote Similarity	NPC148011
0.5254	Remote Similarity	NPC609065
0.5179	Remote Similarity	NPC207179
0.5179	Remote Similarity	NPC167571
0.5179	Remote Similarity	NPC278552
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPC122828
0.5152	Remote Similarity	NPC58190
0.5152	Remote Similarity	NPC108811
0.5152	Remote Similarity	NPC170103
0.5152	Remote Similarity	NPC236202
0.5152	Remote Similarity	NPC262911
0.5152	Remote Similarity	NPC202742
0.5147	Remote Similarity	NPC153342
0.5088	Remote Similarity	NPC201227
0.5088	Remote Similarity	NPC32441
0.5088	Remote Similarity	NPC258474
0.5088	Remote Similarity	NPC79943
0.5082	Remote Similarity	NPC471515
0.5082	Remote Similarity	NPC52530
0.5082	Remote Similarity	NPC244250
0.5075	Remote Similarity	NPC246202
0.5075	Remote Similarity	NPC224161
0.5075	Remote Similarity	NPC46335
0.5075	Remote Similarity	NPC294558
0.5075	Remote Similarity	NPC18185
0.5075	Remote Similarity	NPC263940
0.5075	Remote Similarity	NPC279406
0.5075	Remote Similarity	NPC486519

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC233443 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	4241
0.1-0.2	4751
0.2-0.3	146
0.3-0.4	4
0.4-0.5	2
0.5-0.6	4
0.6-0.7	2
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.6415	Remote Similarity	NPD1612	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.6415	Remote Similarity	NPD1613	Phase 4
0.5797	Remote Similarity	NPD6166	Phase 2
0.5797	Remote Similarity	NPD6167	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5797	Remote Similarity	NPD6168	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5088	Remote Similarity	NPD1552	Clinical (unspecified phase)

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data