NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC469944

Natural Product ID	NPC469944
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	MXKKFADFYXJREN-VDUQXYFUSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL1288727
PubChem CID	52944435
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000261] Phenylpropanoids and polyketides [CHEMONTID:0000334] Flavonoids [CHEMONTID:0001586] Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 65 71 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -3.2071 1.3005 1.6629 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6460 1.8104 0.3191 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2537 0.9078 -0.8079 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8647 0.6993 -0.7639 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1117 0.8200 0.3984 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7426 1.1138 1.6168 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9343 1.2125 2.7238 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4308 1.0319 2.6462 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0440 0.7430 1.4429 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2483 0.6391 0.3053 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9094 0.3328 -0.9857 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9060 -0.7737 -0.6780 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9411 -0.2411 0.3112 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4072 0.5510 1.3264 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7491 0.6307 -0.4846 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0268 1.6128 -1.1945 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7707 2.6863 -1.6163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1736 3.7112 -2.3221 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8278 3.6214 -2.5848 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0863 2.5484 -2.1629 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6733 1.5119 -1.4522 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2415 2.5200 -2.4576 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9440 4.7952 -2.7434 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7663 -1.3771 0.7737 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4505 -2.1380 1.8783 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2308 -3.1972 2.2996 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3778 -3.5329 1.6099 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.7020 -2.7777 0.5036 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9181 -1.7214 0.0888 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1770 -4.5969 2.0190 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2167 -1.8217 -0.0975 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5329 1.5028 3.9416 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0212 -0.3544 -0.8366 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7309 -1.4202 -0.0171 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4986 -2.5633 -0.1079 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.5525 -2.6929 -0.9872 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8375 -1.6282 -1.8014 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0705 -0.4636 -1.7225 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3288 -3.8365 -1.0856 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2082 -3.6383 0.7165 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0241 3.0490 0.1071 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4155 2.1337 2.3959 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7635 0.4335 2.0248 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7482 2.0087 0.2920 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4289 1.5021 -1.7544 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0256 1.1189 3.5438 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1929 -0.0369 -1.7425 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4687 -1.0621 -1.5882 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8277 2.7603 -1.4126 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3843 4.4380 -3.1398 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5831 2.1080 -3.3084 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1634 5.5109 -2.0329 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5456 -1.8634 2.4120 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9818 -3.7928 3.1659 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6188 -3.0632 -0.0293 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.2026 -1.1494 -0.7847 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.7746 -5.1071 1.3808 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4568 -1.4231 0.4105 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1397 2.3225 4.0047 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9132 -1.3709 0.6917 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.6602 -1.7123 -2.4968 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3652 0.3284 -2.4024 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5963 -4.3589 -0.2627 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1320 -3.5619 1.7241 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0680 3.2604 -0.8723 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 2 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 13 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 2 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 2 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 2 0 20 22 1 0 18 23 1 0 13 24 1 0 24 25 2 0 25 26 1 0 26 27 2 0 27 28 1 0 28 29 2 0 27 30 1 0 12 31 1 0 7 32 1 0 3 33 1 0 33 34 2 0 34 35 1 0 35 36 2 0 36 37 1 0 37 38 2 0 36 39 1 0 35 40 1 0 2 41 1 0 6 1 1 0 10 5 1 0 14 9 1 0 21 11 1 0 21 16 1 0 29 24 1 0 38 33 1 0 1 42 1 0 1 43 1 0 2 44 1 0 3 45 1 0 8 46 1 0 11 47 1 0 12 48 1 0 17 49 1 0 19 50 1 0 22 51 1 0 23 52 1 0 25 53 1 0 26 54 1 0 28 55 1 0 29 56 1 0 30 57 1 0 31 58 1 0 32 59 1 0 34 60 1 0 37 61 1 0 38 62 1 0 39 63 1 0 40 64 1 0 41 65 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	MXKKFADFYXJREN-VDUQXYFUSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C30H24O11/c31-14-4-2-13(3-5-14)30-29(38)26(24-20(36)8-15(32)9-22(24)40-30)25-23(41-30)11-18(34)16-10-21(37)27(39-28(16)25)12-1-6-17(33)19(35)7-12/h1-9,11,21,26-27,29,31-38H,10H2/t21-,26+,27-,29+,30-/m0/s1
SMILES	C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C4C(C(O3)(OC5=CC(=CC(=C45)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	560.13	Volume:	532.596 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.052	LogP:	0.857 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	1.074 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-3.673 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	2.0	Rigid Bonds:	37.0
TPSA:	189.53 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	11.0
H-Bond Donor:	8.0	Rings:	7.0
Heavy Atoms:	11.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.168	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	5.271	Fsp³:	0.2
MCE-18:	140.0 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	1
Chelating Alert:	1	PAINS Alert:	1
Colloidal aggregators:	0.75	Fluc inhibitor:	0.17 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.891 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.889 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.554	Promiscuous compounds:	0.006

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-6.592	MDCK Permeability:	-4.997
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.0	Pgp-substrate:	0.905
PAMPA:	0.732 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.0
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.835	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.999
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	1.0

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.004	MRP1:	0.991
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	93.229%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.324
Fu:	9.156% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.654
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.956	BCRP inhibitor:	0.122
BSEP inhibitor:	0.243

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.161	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.001	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.0
HLM stability:	0.0 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

7.05

Half-life (T1/2):

2.885

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.263	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.883
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.608	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.317
AMES Toxicity:	0.51	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.676
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.905	Skin Sensitization:	0.535
Carcinogencity:	0.15	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.048	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.556
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.027	Ototoxicity:	0.969
Hematotoxicity:	0.005	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.037
Genotoxicity:	0.957	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.047
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.883	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.984
BCF:	1.243 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.736 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.817 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.298 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO6876	Ixora coccinea	Species	Rubiaceae	Eukaryota	aerial parts	collected on the campus of Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan	2007-Oct	PMID[21106454]
NPO6876	Ixora coccinea	Species	Rubiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Inhibition	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Non-molecular	1

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT20529	Non-molecular	NON-PROTEIN TARGET	n.a.	Inhibition	=	2.5	%	PMID[21106454]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC469944 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	26623
0.1-0.2	20652
0.2-0.3	2249
0.3-0.4	210
0.4-0.5	42
0.5-0.6	41
0.6-0.7	21
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	4
0.9-0.95	5
0.95-1	1

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
1.0	High Similarity	NPC46283
0.9231	High Similarity	NPC272552
0.9231	High Similarity	NPC226108
0.9231	High Similarity	NPC322899
0.9091	High Similarity	NPC134911
0.9062	High Similarity	NPC155564
0.8714	High Similarity	NPC471404
0.8696	High Similarity	NPC478616
0.8696	High Similarity	NPC478339
0.8676	High Similarity	NPC44192
0.7895	Intermediate Similarity	NPC78074
0.7792	Intermediate Similarity	NPC478337
0.7792	Intermediate Similarity	NPC478338
0.7733	Intermediate Similarity	NPC147743
0.7733	Intermediate Similarity	NPC4809
0.7733	Intermediate Similarity	NPC73517
0.7317	Intermediate Similarity	NPC478617
0.7308	Intermediate Similarity	NPC86630
0.7215	Intermediate Similarity	NPC478340
0.7073	Intermediate Similarity	NPC159526
0.679	Remote Similarity	NPC106601
0.679	Remote Similarity	NPC151474
0.6707	Remote Similarity	NPC212614
0.6707	Remote Similarity	NPC205613
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC484331
0.6538	Remote Similarity	NPC306267
0.6389	Remote Similarity	NPC58190
0.6389	Remote Similarity	NPC108811
0.6389	Remote Similarity	NPC170103
0.6389	Remote Similarity	NPC236202
0.6389	Remote Similarity	NPC262911
0.6389	Remote Similarity	NPC202742
0.6322	Remote Similarity	NPC484330
0.6301	Remote Similarity	NPC246202
0.6301	Remote Similarity	NPC224161
0.6301	Remote Similarity	NPC46335
0.6301	Remote Similarity	NPC279406
0.6301	Remote Similarity	NPC486519
0.6207	Remote Similarity	NPC12326
0.6203	Remote Similarity	NPC20050
0.6067	Remote Similarity	NPC185231
0.5897	Remote Similarity	NPC226809
0.5867	Remote Similarity	NPC294558
0.5867	Remote Similarity	NPC18185
0.5867	Remote Similarity	NPC263940
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPC70409
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPC204770
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPC600551
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPC601980
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPC602065
0.5769	Remote Similarity	NPC611024
0.575	Remote Similarity	NPC278548
0.5714	Remote Similarity	NPC313116
0.5714	Remote Similarity	NPC603340
0.5672	Remote Similarity	NPC261619
0.5672	Remote Similarity	NPC61477
0.5672	Remote Similarity	NPC78770
0.5672	Remote Similarity	NPC219876
0.5672	Remote Similarity	NPC126029
0.5672	Remote Similarity	NPC15658
0.5658	Remote Similarity	NPC20757
0.5658	Remote Similarity	NPC227516
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC302549
0.5476	Remote Similarity	NPC135021
0.5432	Remote Similarity	NPC600630
0.5432	Remote Similarity	NPC607896
0.5432	Remote Similarity	NPC611369
0.5325	Remote Similarity	NPC277331
0.5325	Remote Similarity	NPC100482
0.5309	Remote Similarity	NPC211561
0.5278	Remote Similarity	NPC178054
0.5263	Remote Similarity	NPC96576
0.519	Remote Similarity	NPC184245
0.519	Remote Similarity	NPC187801
0.519	Remote Similarity	NPC610920
0.5147	Remote Similarity	NPC207179
0.5147	Remote Similarity	NPC167571
0.5147	Remote Similarity	NPC278552
0.5128	Remote Similarity	NPC601999
0.5122	Remote Similarity	NPC601997
0.5122	Remote Similarity	NPC609211
0.5122	Remote Similarity	NPC610665

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC469944 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	5548
0.1-0.2	3551
0.2-0.3	45
0.3-0.4	4
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	2
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.5672	Remote Similarity	NPD1612	Clinical (unspecified phase)
0.5672	Remote Similarity	NPD1613	Phase 4

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data