NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC190954

Natural Product ID	NPC190954
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	HQYJBHVOASMCAN-HQTVLBJQSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	24892900
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000258] Steroids and steroid derivatives [CHEMONTID:0001013] Steroidal glycosides [CHEMONTID:0002364] Steroidal saponins

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 115122 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -12.0824 0.0576 -0.8220 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10.6297 -0.2242 -0.4530 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10.4992 -1.2268 0.6444 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.3003 -2.1057 0.5685 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.1704 -1.4709 -0.1316 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.4582 -0.3857 0.7155 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.3624 -0.9241 2.0896 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2797 -0.3550 -0.1247 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9420 -1.8604 -0.1116 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8577 -1.8316 -1.1181 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1384 -0.5187 -0.8619 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7788 -0.7570 -0.2140 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9246 -1.4651 -1.2305 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4854 -1.2704 -0.9664 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0083 -0.2620 -0.2465 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4818 -0.1991 -0.0671 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9987 0.6827 0.9874 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0295 1.5379 1.6987 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3599 0.9456 1.7925 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8248 0.7788 0.3608 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4626 2.1120 -0.3340 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2616 0.5612 0.2082 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0462 0.9229 1.4661 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4579 0.4005 1.4370 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0455 0.2963 0.0818 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1614 1.7350 -0.4594 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9955 1.4951 0.3950 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2420 1.3225 0.9368 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1573 0.8402 -0.1930 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.5797 0.8338 0.3104 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9015 2.2899 0.6798 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9625 2.5813 1.8598 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2763 3.9286 2.4346 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1666 4.8826 1.4388 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6866 2.5675 1.3550 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.5475 3.0633 -0.4218 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5032 0.4322 -0.5999 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.3289 -0.6035 -0.1841 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.1697 -1.8627 -0.9388 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.3802 -2.7535 -0.6449 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.6429 -2.0651 -1.1415 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.5571 -0.5710 -0.9285 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.4376 0.1651 -2.2385 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.4316 -0.2669 -3.1176 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.5974 -0.1662 -0.0684 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.7852 -2.6349 -0.5885 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.2233 -4.0126 -1.2227 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0717 -2.6182 -0.4973 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7540 -0.4141 -0.6438 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.1432 -2.3921 -0.4432 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.5120 -0.8233 -1.3650 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.9069 -0.7495 -1.6619 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -12.5195 0.6049 0.0663 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -12.0970 0.8078 -1.6374 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -12.6078 -0.8696 -1.0392 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10.2001 0.7793 -0.2082 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -11.4126 -1.8901 0.5900 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10.6050 -0.6972 1.6152 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.5716 -3.0244 -0.0314 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.0047 -2.4839 1.5496 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.9955 0.5634 0.6904 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.7080 -0.3944 2.7857 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.3906 -0.8272 2.5532 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.1222 -1.9995 2.1637 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.6195 -0.1755 -1.1933 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.5476 -2.1551 0.8785 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3044 -1.8835 -2.1279 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1780 -2.7164 -0.9747 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0520 0.0238 -1.8178 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9607 -1.3922 0.6840 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1501 -1.1667 -2.2767 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1447 -2.5511 -1.1598 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2107 -1.9877 -1.3816 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8715 -1.2462 0.1166 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8918 0.0302 -1.0966 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5688 0.0962 1.7695 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9222 2.5598 1.2936 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3589 1.6832 2.7705 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3682 -0.0590 2.2598 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9578 1.6918 2.3641 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0912 2.1942 -1.2709 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5678 2.1438 -0.6691 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8106 2.9237 0.3130 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6306 1.3112 -0.5554 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9495 1.9978 1.6100 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5061 0.4120 2.3091 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0685 1.1645 2.0017 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4775 -0.5881 1.9481 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2416 2.0504 -0.3944 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9116 1.7693 -1.5271 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6147 2.4516 0.1673 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2440 0.5733 1.7488 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0929 1.5977 -1.0019 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.5918 0.2775 1.2680 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.9453 2.4258 0.9551 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1501 1.7548 2.5943 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6221 4.1979 3.2660 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.3511 3.9267 2.7700 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3554 5.4441 1.5260 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2578 3.6410 -0.7381 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.9658 -0.8262 0.8744 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.1581 -1.7654 -2.0490 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.5042 -2.9129 0.4475 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.6882 -2.2400 -2.2347 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.5722 -0.2898 -0.5069 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.6499 1.2636 -2.0717 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.4329 0.1296 -2.6520 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.0374 -0.9166 -3.7432 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.3097 -1.8565 -0.2118 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.7158 -4.5714 -0.5830 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0327 -3.4748 -1.0228 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3032 -0.2789 -1.5212 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.0341 -1.2408 -2.2091 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10.3254 -1.6960 -2.0387 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10.0184 0.0442 -2.4598 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 6 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 2 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 6 20 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 25 26 1 6 17 27 1 0 27 28 1 0 28 29 1 0 29 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 31 32 1 0 32 33 1 0 33 34 1 0 32 35 1 0 31 36 1 0 30 37 1 0 37 38 1 0 38 39 1 0 39 40 1 0 40 41 1 0 41 42 1 0 42 43 1 0 43 44 1 0 42 45 1 0 41 46 1 0 40 47 1 0 39 48 1 0 29 49 1 0 9 50 1 0 5 51 1 0 51 52 1 0 52 2 1 0 50 5 1 0 25 8 1 0 35 28 1 0 45 38 1 0 25 11 1 0 22 12 1 0 20 15 1 0 1 53 1 0 1 54 1 0 1 55 1 0 2 56 1 0 3 57 1 0 3 58 1 0 4 59 1 0 4 60 1 0 6 61 1 0 7 62 1 0 7 63 1 0 7 64 1 0 8 65 1 0 9 66 1 0 10 67 1 0 10 68 1 0 11 69 1 0 12 70 1 0 13 71 1 0 13 72 1 0 14 73 1 0 16 74 1 0 16 75 1 0 17 76 1 1 18 77 1 0 18 78 1 0 19 79 1 0 19 80 1 0 21 81 1 0 21 82 1 0 21 83 1 0 22 84 1 0 23 85 1 0 23 86 1 0 24 87 1 0 24 88 1 0 26 89 1 0 26 90 1 0 26 91 1 0 28 92 1 1 29 93 1 6 30 94 1 1 31 95 1 1 32 96 1 1 33 97 1 0 33 98 1 0 34 99 1 0 36100 1 0 38101 1 1 39102 1 6 40103 1 1 41104 1 6 42105 1 1 43106 1 0 43107 1 0 44108 1 0 46109 1 0 47110 1 0 48111 1 0 49112 1 0 51113 1 0 52114 1 0 52115 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	HQYJBHVOASMCAN-HQTVLBJQSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C39H63NO12/c1-18-7-12-39(40-15-18)19(2)28-25(52-39)14-24-22-6-5-20-13-21(8-10-37(20,3)23(22)9-11-38(24,28)4)48-36-33(47)34(30(44)27(17-42)50-36)51-35-32(46)31(45)29(43)26(16-41)49-35/h5,18-19,21-36,40-47H,6-17H2,1-4H3/t18?,19?,21-,22?,23?,24?,25?,26+,27+,28?,29+,30-,31-,32+,33+,34-,35-,36+,37-,38-,39?/m0/s1
SMILES	CC1CCC2(C(C)C3C(CC4C5CC=C6C[C@H](CC[C@]6(C)C5CC[C@]34C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO)O3)O)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O3)O)O)O)O)O2)NC1

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	737.44	Volume:	728.491 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.012	LogP:	2.117 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	2.768 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-4.077 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	6.0	Rigid Bonds:	42.0
TPSA:	199.79 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	13.0
H-Bond Donor:	8.0	Rings:	8.0
Heavy Atoms:	13.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.179	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	6.308	Fsp³:	0.949
MCE-18:	198.421 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	1
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.778	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.009 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.068 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.006	Promiscuous compounds:	0.009

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.983	MDCK Permeability:	-5.182
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.0	Pgp-substrate:	0.054
PAMPA:	0.981 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.0
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.002	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.228
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.93

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.893	MRP1:	0.983
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	58.841%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.374
Fu:	37.2% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.999	BCRP inhibitor:	0.001
BSEP inhibitor:	0.112

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.971	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.001
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.982	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.008
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.026
HLM stability:	0.219 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

1.183

Half-life (T1/2):

2.362

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.059	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.09
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.743	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.811
AMES Toxicity:	0.935	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.024
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.123	Skin Sensitization:	1.0
Carcinogencity:	0.278	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.0	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.052
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.024	Ototoxicity:	0.998
Hematotoxicity:	0.446	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.325
Genotoxicity:	0.009	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.223
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.978	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.866
BCF:	1.574 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.611 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.969 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.189 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO12948	Solanum dulcamara	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO12948	Solanum dulcamara	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO12948	Solanum dulcamara	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO12948	Solanum dulcamara	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO12948	Solanum dulcamara	Species	Solanaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC190954 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	23817
0.1-0.2	22453
0.2-0.3	2913
0.3-0.4	532
0.4-0.5	103
0.5-0.6	28
0.6-0.7	7
0.7-0.8	2
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.7732	Intermediate Similarity	NPC150057
0.7732	Intermediate Similarity	NPC147753
0.7634	Intermediate Similarity	NPC15249
0.7634	Intermediate Similarity	NPC25455
0.7172	Intermediate Similarity	NPC122819
0.6455	Remote Similarity	NPC287885
0.6364	Remote Similarity	NPC485606
0.6275	Remote Similarity	NPC14704
0.6136	Remote Similarity	NPC147835
0.6136	Remote Similarity	NPC253645
0.6136	Remote Similarity	NPC85001
0.6136	Remote Similarity	NPC95920
0.598	Remote Similarity	NPC295980
0.5938	Remote Similarity	NPC296686
0.5816	Remote Similarity	NPC181845
0.5652	Remote Similarity	NPC480553
0.5484	Remote Similarity	NPC22140
0.5484	Remote Similarity	NPC243728
0.5484	Remote Similarity	NPC158088
0.5478	Remote Similarity	NPC480554
0.5368	Remote Similarity	NPC282669
0.5315	Remote Similarity	NPC477809
0.5273	Remote Similarity	NPC98696
0.5268	Remote Similarity	NPC6806
0.5185	Remote Similarity	NPC94272
0.5175	Remote Similarity	NPC102016
0.5175	Remote Similarity	NPC95051
0.5164	Remote Similarity	NPC480556
0.5135	Remote Similarity	NPC42482
0.5133	Remote Similarity	NPC300557
0.5126	Remote Similarity	NPC477811
0.5091	Remote Similarity	NPC305423
0.5091	Remote Similarity	NPC113044
0.5091	Remote Similarity	NPC283829
0.5091	Remote Similarity	NPC161676
0.5046	Remote Similarity	NPC470432
0.5046	Remote Similarity	NPC230507
0.5043	Remote Similarity	NPC73243
0.5043	Remote Similarity	NPC244086
0.5043	Remote Similarity	NPC84956

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC190954 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	7456
0.1-0.2	1607
0.2-0.3	79
0.3-0.4	6
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	2
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.7732	Intermediate Similarity	NPD8450	Suspended
0.7172	Intermediate Similarity	NPD8449	Approved

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data