NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC74197

Natural Product ID	NPC74197
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	PHDZNMWTZQPAEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	5100366
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000259] Prenol lipids [CHEMONTID:0001551] Diterpenoids [CHEMONTID:0003788] Aconitane-type diterpenoid alkaloids

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 92 98 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -2.3238 -2.5027 -2.6618 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3068 -1.5101 -2.1662 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8797 -0.9147 -0.9134 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8817 -0.0256 -0.4124 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4686 1.1619 0.3408 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3574 1.5566 1.4961 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6190 1.8238 0.9446 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5172 2.2064 1.9537 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6263 2.4124 -0.5611 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0858 2.1934 -1.9037 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7374 1.5861 -1.8488 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2526 0.9416 -0.6300 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2074 1.1468 -0.5231 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7305 1.9829 0.5913 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0377 1.3174 1.0084 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8341 0.3983 2.1829 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0973 -0.8493 1.9548 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5839 -1.1190 0.5316 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0478 -0.1286 -0.4753 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3780 0.5121 -0.1897 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4581 -0.3617 -0.0698 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5836 -0.2971 -0.8769 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5636 0.6212 -1.7343 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.7340 -1.1720 -0.8099 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.7712 -0.9397 -1.6941 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.9090 -1.6966 -1.7361 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.0252 -2.7405 -0.8540 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9867 -2.9825 0.0398 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.8410 -2.2188 0.0806 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9144 -1.0879 0.4705 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6098 -0.1517 1.4155 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0036 1.0995 0.6554 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6923 -0.8357 1.9691 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6443 -0.9268 3.3565 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5111 -0.5786 -0.8136 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2201 -2.3016 0.2339 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3348 -3.1260 -0.7676 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7288 -2.8136 -1.7886 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1232 -4.4029 -0.7972 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2951 1.2161 3.2005 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1667 1.5216 4.2059 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0088 2.2444 1.3130 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8076 2.5170 -2.3200 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3410 2.2274 -3.5992 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9813 3.4970 0.0299 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9542 -3.1177 -1.8121 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8505 -3.1621 -3.3964 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4720 -2.0885 -3.2008 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5507 -0.7469 -2.9374 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2629 -2.0441 -1.9682 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5046 0.2854 -1.3003 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6101 -0.6710 0.1694 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4867 0.8533 2.2939 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9836 2.5100 1.9181 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0699 3.1332 2.4162 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.4604 2.5309 1.5009 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.6563 1.4451 2.7235 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7391 2.5831 -0.6183 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9953 3.2093 -2.3898 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8010 1.6718 -2.6106 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7502 0.8027 -2.6897 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6477 1.6495 -1.4429 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1514 2.0975 1.4852 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0234 3.0172 0.2723 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9017 0.2366 2.5459 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8398 -1.6747 2.2685 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3388 -1.0129 2.7327 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1573 -0.5606 -1.5009 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5311 1.2643 -1.0261 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.7241 -0.1142 -2.4212 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.7072 -1.4908 -2.4407 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.9129 -3.3577 -0.8628 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.1121 -3.8062 0.7138 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0333 -2.3850 0.7557 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2482 -2.1147 0.7242 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0351 0.1808 2.2662 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7971 2.0355 1.2107 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7561 -1.4539 3.7484 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5090 -1.6025 3.6268 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8498 0.0278 3.8619 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9809 -0.7904 -1.7311 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5313 -4.6277 -1.7946 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9074 -4.3872 -0.0114 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4134 -5.2100 -0.5190 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0326 2.0585 3.7988 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5563 0.5717 4.6547 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6043 2.0836 4.9736 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0672 2.9300 0.5789 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4040 2.9877 -3.9020 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1868 2.2341 -4.3424 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0875 1.2193 -3.6530 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2794 4.2995 -0.4961 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 1 0 5 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 1 0 22 23 2 0 22 24 1 0 24 25 2 0 25 26 1 0 26 27 2 0 27 28 1 0 28 29 2 0 18 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 31 32 1 0 31 33 1 0 33 34 1 0 30 35 1 0 18 36 1 0 36 37 1 0 37 38 2 0 37 39 1 0 16 40 1 0 40 41 1 0 15 42 1 0 11 43 1 0 43 44 1 0 9 45 1 0 35 3 1 0 32 5 1 0 32 12 1 0 35 12 1 0 19 13 1 0 29 24 1 0 20 15 1 0 1 46 1 0 1 47 1 0 1 48 1 0 2 49 1 0 2 50 1 0 4 51 1 0 4 52 1 0 6 53 1 0 6 54 1 0 8 55 1 0 8 56 1 0 8 57 1 0 9 58 1 0 10 59 1 0 10 60 1 0 11 61 1 0 13 62 1 0 14 63 1 0 14 64 1 0 16 65 1 0 17 66 1 0 17 67 1 0 19 68 1 0 20 69 1 0 25 70 1 0 26 71 1 0 27 72 1 0 28 73 1 0 29 74 1 0 30 75 1 0 31 76 1 0 32 77 1 0 34 78 1 0 34 79 1 0 34 80 1 0 35 81 1 0 39 82 1 0 39 83 1 0 39 84 1 0 41 85 1 0 41 86 1 0 41 87 1 0 42 88 1 0 44 89 1 0 44 90 1 0 44 91 1 0 45 92 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	PHDZNMWTZQPAEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C34H47NO10/c1-7-35-16-31(17-40-3)21(37)13-22(41-4)34-20-14-32(39)23(42-5)15-33(45-18(2)36,25(28(34)35)26(43-6)27(31)34)24(20)29(32)44-30(38)19-11-9-8-10-12-19/h8-12,20-29,37,39H,7,13-17H2,1-6H3
SMILES	CCN1CC2(COC)C(CC(C34C5CC6(C(CC(C5C6OC(=O)c5ccccc5)(C(C(C23)OC)C14)OC(=O)C)OC)O)OC)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	629.32	Volume:	622.441 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.011	LogP:	2.412 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	2.639 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-3.266 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	11.0	Rigid Bonds:	32.0
TPSA:	133.22 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	11.0
H-Bond Donor:	2.0	Rings:	7.0
Heavy Atoms:	11.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.387	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	7.178	Fsp³:	0.765
MCE-18:	216.2 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.011	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.013 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.37 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.001	Promiscuous compounds:	0.012

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.154	MDCK Permeability:	-4.786
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.001	Pgp-substrate:	0.993
PAMPA:	0.988 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.033
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.012	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.036
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.676

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.335	MRP1:	1.0
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	54.764%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.371
Fu:	39.178% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.002
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.692	BCRP inhibitor:	0.003
BSEP inhibitor:	0.239

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.015	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.166	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.002
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.98	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.0
HLM stability:	0.283 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

9.933

Half-life (T1/2):

2.483

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.143	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.56
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.245	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.132
AMES Toxicity:	0.391	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.565
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.609	Skin Sensitization:	0.228
Carcinogencity:	0.147	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.001	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.608
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.788	Ototoxicity:	0.962
Hematotoxicity:	0.017	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.082
Genotoxicity:	0.341	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.128
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.062	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.531
BCF:	0.645 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.659 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.673 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.677 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO12831	Aconitum falconeri	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[11076560]
NPO9806	Aconitum hemsleyanum	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[12736463]
NPO2458	Aconitum violaceum	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO12831	Aconitum falconeri	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19364	Aconitum chasmanthum	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO9806	Aconitum hemsleyanum	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO12831	Aconitum falconeri	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO9806	Aconitum hemsleyanum	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO19364	Aconitum chasmanthum	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO9806	Aconitum hemsleyanum	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO2458	Aconitum violaceum	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO12831	Aconitum falconeri	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19364	Aconitum chasmanthum	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19364	Aconitum chasmanthum	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12831	Aconitum falconeri	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO2458	Aconitum violaceum	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO9806	Aconitum hemsleyanum	Species	Ranunculaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference
-	Mus musculus	LD50	=	5.935843247	mg/kg	TOXRIC

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC74197 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	12886
0.1-0.2	35263
0.2-0.3	1456
0.3-0.4	221
0.4-0.5	4
0.5-0.6	9
0.6-0.7	9
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	4
0.85-0.9	1
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.8736	High Similarity	NPC106840
0.8333	Intermediate Similarity	NPC479698
0.8068	Intermediate Similarity	NPC298772
0.8068	Intermediate Similarity	NPC108276
0.8068	Intermediate Similarity	NPC163578
0.7727	Intermediate Similarity	NPC478540
0.7253	Intermediate Similarity	NPC184195
0.7253	Intermediate Similarity	NPC40539
0.7253	Intermediate Similarity	NPC205
0.7234	Intermediate Similarity	NPC478538
0.7158	Intermediate Similarity	NPC94687
0.6947	Remote Similarity	NPC326895
0.6848	Remote Similarity	NPC488583
0.6848	Remote Similarity	NPC478535
0.6842	Remote Similarity	NPC476495
0.6813	Remote Similarity	NPC166521
0.6495	Remote Similarity	NPC478539
0.6458	Remote Similarity	NPC172769
0.6421	Remote Similarity	NPC124690
0.6146	Remote Similarity	NPC478541
0.5859	Remote Similarity	NPC488604
0.5859	Remote Similarity	NPC281470
0.5784	Remote Similarity	NPC478537
0.5743	Remote Similarity	NPC478536
0.5728	Remote Similarity	NPC476496
0.55	Remote Similarity	NPC478534
0.5347	Remote Similarity	NPC488589
0.53	Remote Similarity	NPC478545
0.5243	Remote Similarity	NPC478533

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC74197 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	3172
0.1-0.2	5837
0.2-0.3	136
0.3-0.4	5
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data