Natural Product: NPC72722

Natural Product IDNPC72722
Common Name
?
The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
2-Dodecyl-3-Methylbutanedioic Acid
IUPAC Name 2-dodecyl-3-methylbutanedioic acid
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier CHEMBL1417088
PubChem CID 99891
Chemical Classification
  • CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]
    • [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules
      • [CHEMONTID:0003909] Fatty Acyls
        • [CHEMONTID:0000262] Fatty acids and conjugates
          • [CHEMONTID:0002949] Long-chain fatty acids

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

  Chemical Representations

Standard InCHIKey CADNMISJDLVPCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InCHI InChI=1S/C17H32O4/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-15(17(20)21)14(2)16(18)19/h14-15H,3-13H2,1-2H3,(H,18,19)(H,20,21)
SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(C)C(=O)O)C(=O)O

  Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:   300.23 Volume:   332.476
?
Van der Waals volume.
Dense:   0.903 LogP:   5.702
?
The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:   3.524
?
The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.
LogS:   -4.394
?
The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:   14.0 Rigid Bonds:   2.0
TPSA:   74.6
?
Topological Polar Surface Area.
H-Bond Acceptor:   4.0
H-Bond Donor:   2.0 Rings:   0.0
Heavy Atoms:   4.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:   0.455 GASA:   0.0
?
GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:   2.857 Fsp3:   0.882
MCE-18:   4.0
?
MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.
Lipinski Rule-of-5:   Rejected
Pfizer Rule:   Accepted GSK Rule:   Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:   Rejected BMS Rule:   1
Chelating Alert:   0 PAINS Alert:   0
Colloidal aggregators:   0.006 Fluc inhibitor:   0.0
?
The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:   0.006
?
The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Green fluorescence:   0.015
?
The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:   0.954 Promiscuous compounds:   0.272

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:   -5.237 MDCK Permeability:   -4.753
Pgp-inhibitor:   0.0 Pgp-substrate:   0.006
PAMPA:   0.846
?
The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):   0.738
20% Bioavailability (F20%):   0.679 30% Bioavailability (F30%):   0.788
50% Bioavailability (F50%):   0.608

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):   0.001 MRP1:   0.996
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):   97.287% Volume Distribution (VD):   0.163
Fu: 1.747%
?
The fraction unbound in plasms.
OATP1B1 inhibitor:   0.823
OATP1B3 inhibitor:   1.0 BCRP inhibitor:   0.008
BSEP inhibitor:   0.015

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:   0.0 CYP1A2-substrate:   0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:   0.006 CYP2C19-substrate:   0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:   0.999 CYP2C9-substrate:   0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:   0.0 CYP2D6-substrate:   0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:   0.0 CYP3A4-substrate:   0.001
CYP2B6-substrate:   0.047 CYP2C8-inhibitor:   0.001
HLM stability:   0.001
?
Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):  1.873 Half-life (T1/2):  1.25

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:  0.085 hERG Blockers (10um):  0.182
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):  0.51 Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):  0.395
AMES Toxicity:  0.04 Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:  0.191
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:  0.087 Skin Sensitization:  0.88
Carcinogencity:  0.158 Eye Corrosion:  0.943
Eye Irritation:  0.992 Respiratory Toxicity:  0.9
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:  0.041 Ototoxicity:  0.315
Hematotoxicity:  0.272 Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:  0.51
Genotoxicity:  0.0 RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:  0.029
A549 Cytotoxicity:  0.089 Hek293 Cytotoxicity:  0.029
BCF:   0.876
?
Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
IGC50:   4.208
?
48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:   5.657
?
48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50FM:   2.476
?
96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

  Species Source

Organism ID Organism Name Taxonomy Level Family SuperKingdom Isolation Part Collection Location Collection Time Reference
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[ 17014425]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1002/bab.1236]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota n.a. fruit n.a. DOI[10.1007/s00217-007-0799-1]
NPO11578 Aloe vera Species Xanthorrhoeaceae Eukaryota Flowers Tantempango, Hidalgo, Mexico 2019-May DOI[10.1007/s11130-020-00822-2]
NPO9865 Cichorium intybus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1007/s11627-001-0052-8]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota n.a. flower n.a. DOI[10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.077]
NPO29401 Bupleurum chinense Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.08.002]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.09.006]
NPO523 Tussilago farfara Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[10543912]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[11374966]
NPO11438 Angelica gigas Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[11374978]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[11520216]
NPO23024 Epimedium koreanum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[12081149]
NPO28679 Prunus mume Species Rosaceae Eukaryota flowers n.a. n.a. PMID[12193020]
NPO29463 Pogostemon cablin Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. leaf n.a. PMID[12575075]
NPO29463 Pogostemon cablin Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. stem n.a. PMID[12575075]
NPO25825 Saussurea lappa Species Asteraceae Eukaryota Roots n.a. n.a. PMID[14510592]
NPO1756 Cremastra appendiculata Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota n.a. bulb n.a. PMID[14994197]
NPO18932 Melia azedarach Species Meliaceae Eukaryota n.a. Brazilian n.a. PMID[15387656]
NPO29463 Pogostemon cablin Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. whole plant n.a. PMID[15577255]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota Seeds n.a. n.a. PMID[15620261]
NPO11438 Angelica gigas Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[15679317]
NPO1756 Cremastra appendiculata Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[15844951]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[16038550]
NPO18932 Melia azedarach Species Meliaceae Eukaryota n.a. ripe fruit n.a. PMID[16205005]
NPO25611 Smilax china Species Smilacaceae Eukaryota stems n.a. n.a. PMID[16252910]
NPO11578 Aloe vera Species Xanthorrhoeaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[16297615]
NPO15462 Angelica sinensis Species Apiaceae Eukaryota roots purchased from Kiu Shun Trading Ltd., Vancouver, Canada 2000 PMID[16643021]
NPO1756 Cremastra appendiculata Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota tubers n.a. n.a. PMID[16792409]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[17583950]
NPO11438 Angelica gigas Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[17997069]
NPO9865 Cichorium intybus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[18341288]
NPO9865 Cichorium intybus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[18460139]
NPO11578 Aloe vera Species Xanthorrhoeaceae Eukaryota n.a. whole plant n.a. PMID[18543151]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[18855446]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[20455578]
NPO10271 Psammosilene tunicoides Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[21070025]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[21775156]
NPO23024 Epimedium koreanum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[22051934]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[23286284]
NPO17553 Pleione bulbocodioides Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[23627123]
NPO1689 Epimedium pubescens Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. leaf n.a. PMID[24066589]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[24108414]
NPO11578 Aloe vera Species Xanthorrhoeaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[24358188]
NPO28679 Prunus mume Species Rosaceae Eukaryota fruits n.a. n.a. PMID[24485782]
NPO23024 Epimedium koreanum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota aerial parts herbal garden of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea 2012-Oct PMID[24963714]
NPO15462 Angelica sinensis Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[25538068]
NPO29401 Bupleurum chinense Species Apiaceae Eukaryota roots n.a. n.a. PMID[26259802]
NPO25653 Spatholobus suberectus Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[26690274]
NPO15462 Angelica sinensis Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[27400088]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[27569393]
NPO5986 Ziziphus jujuba Species Rhamnaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[27617953]
NPO5986 Ziziphus jujuba Species Rhamnaceae Eukaryota Roots n.a. n.a. PMID[28257196]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[29185738]
NPO29463 Pogostemon cablin Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[30188125]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[30351923]
NPO523 Tussilago farfara Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[32881525]
NPO18932 Melia azedarach Species Meliaceae Eukaryota Fruits n.a. n.a. PMID[33253570]
NPO25825 Saussurea lappa Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[3572418]
NPO18932 Melia azedarach Species Meliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[36362399]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[3655791]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[36560643]
NPO15462 Angelica sinensis Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[36838931]
NPO18932 Melia azedarach Species Meliaceae Eukaryota Seeds n.a. n.a. PMID[3701342]
NPO15462 Angelica sinensis Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[37480748]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[39138188]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[39527985]
NPO10969 Epimedium sagittatum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. leaf n.a. PMID[8699184]
NPO11578 Aloe vera Species Xanthorrhoeaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[8778246]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota roots n.a. n.a. PMID[9834151]
NPO23024 Epimedium koreanum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. aerial part n.a. Database[Article]
NPO29401 Bupleurum chinense Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[Article]
NPO9865 Cichorium intybus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO5986 Ziziphus jujuba Species Rhamnaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO23024 Epimedium koreanum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO29401 Bupleurum chinense Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO25653 Spatholobus suberectus Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO11578 Aloe vera Species Xanthorrhoeaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO2921 Angelica acutiloba Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO11438 Angelica gigas Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO15462 Angelica sinensis Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO3107 Bupleurum falcatum Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO1484 Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO1756 Cremastra appendiculata Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO17553 Pleione bulbocodioides Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO12875 Pleione yunnanensis Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO29463 Pogostemon cablin Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO523 Tussilago farfara Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO2997 Aloe africana Species Xanthorrhoeaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO14763 Aloe ferox Species Asphodelaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO2837 Aloe spicata Species Asphodelaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO18932 Melia azedarach Species Meliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO17458 Sparganium stoloniferum Species Typhaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO28679 Prunus mume Species Rosaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO18932.1 Melia azedarach var. toosendan Varieties Meliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO4957 Epimedium brevicornu Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO16931 Cichorium glandulosum Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO10969 Epimedium sagittatum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO7132 Smilax glabra Species Smilacaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO1136 Ranunculus ternatus Species Ranunculaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO10271 Psammosilene tunicoides Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO19403 Epimedium grandiflorum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO1689 Epimedium pubescens Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO13384 Epimedium sempervirens Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO9141 Epimedium wushanense Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO23170 Orobanche coerulescens Species Orobanchaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO25611 Smilax china Species Smilacaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO11457 Chelidonium majus Species Papaveraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO9865 Cichorium intybus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota Bark n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO9865 Cichorium intybus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota Flower n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota Fruit n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota Leaf n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO9865 Cichorium intybus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota Leaf n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota Pericarp n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO9865 Cichorium intybus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota Root n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota Root Bark n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota Seed n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota Stem Bark n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota Twig n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO9865 Cichorium intybus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota Roots n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO15462 Angelica sinensis Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO11438 Angelica gigas Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO1484 Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO29401 Bupleurum chinense Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO11457 Chelidonium majus Species Papaveraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO3107 Bupleurum falcatum Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO5986 Ziziphus jujuba Species Rhamnaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO28679 Prunus mume Species Rosaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO9865 Cichorium intybus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO10969 Epimedium sagittatum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO23024 Epimedium koreanum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO1689 Epimedium pubescens Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO523 Tussilago farfara Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO23170 Orobanche coerulescens Species Orobanchaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO11578 Aloe vera Species Xanthorrhoeaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO25653 Spatholobus suberectus Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO18932 Melia azedarach Species Meliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO29463 Pogostemon cablin Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO17458 Sparganium stoloniferum Species Typhaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO7132 Smilax glabra Species Smilacaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO14763 Aloe ferox Species Asphodelaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO2921 Angelica acutiloba Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO25611 Smilax china Species Smilacaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO19403 Epimedium grandiflorum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO9141 Epimedium wushanense Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO9865 Cichorium intybus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[MetaboLights]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota Fruits n.a. Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO9865 Cichorium intybus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[Phenol-Explorer]
NPO3107 Bupleurum falcatum Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO15462 Angelica sinensis Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO25825 Saussurea lappa Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO9865 Cichorium intybus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO4957 Epimedium brevicornu Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO18932 Melia azedarach Species Meliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO1484 Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO17458 Sparganium stoloniferum Species Typhaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO28679 Prunus mume Species Rosaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO25611 Smilax china Species Smilacaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO29401 Bupleurum chinense Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO11578 Aloe vera Species Xanthorrhoeaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO523 Tussilago farfara Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO29463 Pogostemon cablin Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO2921 Angelica acutiloba Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO5986 Ziziphus jujuba Species Rhamnaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO11438 Angelica gigas Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO11457 Chelidonium majus Species Papaveraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO18932.1 Melia azedarach var. toosendan Varieties Meliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO14763 Aloe ferox Species Asphodelaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO23024 Epimedium koreanum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO7132 Smilax glabra Species Smilacaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO1689 Epimedium pubescens Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO10969 Epimedium sagittatum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO9141 Epimedium wushanense Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO23170 Orobanche coerulescens Species Orobanchaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO25653 Spatholobus suberectus Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO10271 Psammosilene tunicoides Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO1756 Cremastra appendiculata Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO19403 Epimedium grandiflorum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO29463 Pogostemon cablin Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO17553 Pleione bulbocodioides Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO7132 Smilax glabra Species Smilacaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO23170 Orobanche coerulescens Species Orobanchaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO10969 Epimedium sagittatum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO15462 Angelica sinensis Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO10271 Psammosilene tunicoides Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO29401 Bupleurum chinense Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO18932 Melia azedarach Species Meliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO11438 Angelica gigas Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO11457 Chelidonium majus Species Papaveraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO17458 Sparganium stoloniferum Species Typhaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO28679 Prunus mume Species Rosaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO11578 Aloe vera Species Xanthorrhoeaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO9865 Cichorium intybus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO523 Tussilago farfara Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO3107 Bupleurum falcatum Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO1484 Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO1756 Cremastra appendiculata Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO23024 Epimedium koreanum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO5986 Ziziphus jujuba Species Rhamnaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO14763 Aloe ferox Species Asphodelaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO25611 Smilax china Species Smilacaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO12875 Pleione yunnanensis Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO25653 Spatholobus suberectus Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO2921 Angelica acutiloba Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO1689 Epimedium pubescens Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO7132 Smilax glabra Species Smilacaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO5986 Ziziphus jujuba Species Rhamnaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO9141 Epimedium wushanense Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO2921 Angelica acutiloba Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO15462 Angelica sinensis Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO11438 Angelica gigas Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO29463 Pogostemon cablin Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO23024 Epimedium koreanum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO9865 Cichorium intybus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO14763 Aloe ferox Species Asphodelaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO19403 Epimedium grandiflorum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO25825 Saussurea lappa Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO29401 Bupleurum chinense Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO523 Tussilago farfara Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO4957 Epimedium brevicornu Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO2837 Aloe spicata Species Asphodelaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO25611 Smilax china Species Smilacaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO11578 Aloe vera Species Xanthorrhoeaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO3107 Bupleurum falcatum Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO2997 Aloe africana Species Xanthorrhoeaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO11457 Chelidonium majus Species Papaveraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO28679 Prunus mume Species Rosaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO18932.1 Melia azedarach var. toosendan Varieties Meliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO18932 Melia azedarach Species Meliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO23170 Orobanche coerulescens Species Orobanchaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO1484 Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO17458 Sparganium stoloniferum Species Typhaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO13384 Epimedium sempervirens Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO1756 Cremastra appendiculata Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO1136 Ranunculus ternatus Species Ranunculaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO12875 Pleione yunnanensis Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO16931 Cichorium glandulosum Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO17553 Pleione bulbocodioides Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO10969 Epimedium sagittatum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO1689 Epimedium pubescens Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO6029 Lagotis brevituba Species Plantaginaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO26857 Orobanche pycnostachya Species Orobanchaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO25653 Spatholobus suberectus Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO10271 Psammosilene tunicoides Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TM-MC]
NPO1484 Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO9865 Cichorium intybus Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO11438 Angelica gigas Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO1756 Cremastra appendiculata Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO21349 Punica granatum Species Lythraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO1136 Ranunculus ternatus Species Ranunculaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO10969 Epimedium sagittatum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO25611 Smilax china Species Smilacaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO9141 Epimedium wushanense Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO2921 Angelica acutiloba Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO15462 Angelica sinensis Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO5743 Salvia miltiorrhiza Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO14763 Aloe ferox Species Asphodelaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO28679 Prunus mume Species Rosaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO7132 Smilax glabra Species Smilacaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO25825 Saussurea lappa Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO29401 Bupleurum chinense Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO3107 Bupleurum falcatum Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO11578 Aloe vera Species Xanthorrhoeaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO1689 Epimedium pubescens Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO17553 Pleione bulbocodioides Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO18932.1 Melia azedarach var. toosendan Varieties Meliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO13384 Epimedium sempervirens Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO10271 Psammosilene tunicoides Species Caryophyllaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO23170 Orobanche coerulescens Species Orobanchaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO4957 Epimedium brevicornu Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO18932 Melia azedarach Species Meliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO23024 Epimedium koreanum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO29463 Pogostemon cablin Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO16931 Cichorium glandulosum Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO17458 Sparganium stoloniferum Species Typhaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO19403 Epimedium grandiflorum Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO12875 Pleione yunnanensis Species Orchidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO2997 Aloe africana Species Xanthorrhoeaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO25653 Spatholobus suberectus Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO523 Tussilago farfara Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].



  NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID Organism Name Organism Material Preparation Organism Part NP Quantity (Standard) NP Quantity (Minimum) NP Quantity (Maximum) Quantity Unit Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].



 Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference
NPT198 Individual protein Vitamin D receptor Homo sapiens Potency n.a. 56234.1 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT199 Individual protein DNA polymerase kappa Homo sapiens Potency n.a. 31622.8 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT55 Individual protein Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase Giardia intestinalis Potency = 19905.4 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT791 Individual protein Cruzipain Trypanosoma cruzi Potency = 15848.9 nM PubChem BioAssay data set

In vitro activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference
NPT2 Others Unspecified n.a. Potency n.a. 5623.4 nM PubChem BioAssay data set

In vivo activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference





 Experimental ADME

Experiment Model Experiment Tissue ADME Type ADME Relation ADME Value ADME Unit Reference





 Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model Experiment Organism Toxicity Type Toxicity Relation Toxicity Value Toxicity Unit Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Cardiotoxicity Respiratory Toxicity Eye Irritation Endocrine Disruption
Hepatotoxicity Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Cardiotoxicity Respiratory Toxicity Eye Irritation Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]


  Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC72722 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
●  The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Natural Product ID
1.0 High Similarity NPC603405
0.5862 Remote Similarity NPC53642
0.5862 Remote Similarity NPC470325
0.5385 Remote Similarity NPC252843
0.52 Remote Similarity NPC3531
0.5185 Remote Similarity NPC325452
0.5185 Remote Similarity NPC604864

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC72722 and all drugs/candidates.
●  The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Drug ID Developmental Stage
0.6538 Remote Similarity NPD634 Phase 2
0.52 Remote Similarity NPD9450 Phase 4

Bioactivity similarity

  Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
A: chemistry similarity;
B: biological targets similarity;
C: networks similarity;
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity
B: biological targets similarity
C: networks similarity
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity
E: similarity based on clinical data