NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC60756

Natural Product ID	NPC60756
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	4-Hydroxy-2-Methoxyphenyl Beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-Beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside
IUPAC Name	(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	CHEMBL552565
PubChem CID	42638457
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0004603] Organic oxygen compounds [CHEMONTID:0000323] Organooxygen compounds [CHEMONTID:0000011] Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates [CHEMONTID:0000198] Oligosaccharides

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 81 84 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -9.1568 2.0923 0.7931 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.8226 2.1247 0.3289 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.8030 1.3622 -0.9712 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5754 1.2922 -1.5764 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6049 0.6070 -0.8359 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1284 1.3380 0.2141 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8159 1.7044 0.1889 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9167 0.5252 0.2156 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5627 0.8646 0.1610 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8289 -0.2427 -0.1369 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4040 -0.0851 0.5398 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4652 0.0615 -0.3466 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7788 0.2327 0.3811 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7997 0.3788 -0.5455 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0541 0.4095 0.0661 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1077 0.4480 -0.8220 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0832 -0.4921 -0.9665 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2012 -1.6598 -0.2583 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.2323 -2.5560 -0.4781 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.1862 -2.3059 -1.4246 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.0988 -1.1398 -2.1565 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.0661 -0.2543 -1.9281 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.0105 0.9136 -2.6868 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.9749 1.1965 -3.6631 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.2288 -3.2040 -1.6527 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1170 1.5541 1.0848 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0707 1.2960 2.1553 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7280 1.2880 1.4324 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7066 0.9743 2.3136 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0841 2.2512 3.1404 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.3587 1.6114 1.6762 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4308 -1.5754 0.1466 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4384 -1.6018 1.2544 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0216 -0.2396 1.5471 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2807 -0.2484 2.0726 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8851 -2.0732 2.4453 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9899 -2.1496 -0.9941 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.1762 -0.7380 -0.4890 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.4630 -1.0195 -1.2807 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.4578 0.0135 -0.7946 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.6184 -0.1213 -1.5313 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.9054 -2.2769 -0.8545 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3196 -1.7786 -0.7624 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.5150 3.0084 0.8835 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.2498 1.5945 1.1383 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.5298 3.1656 0.1935 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.4628 1.9377 -1.6715 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7665 0.4435 -1.5694 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6390 2.2195 -0.7945 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5968 2.4575 0.9729 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1146 -0.1438 -0.6140 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5738 -0.2021 -1.2169 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5838 -0.8389 -0.9926 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2886 0.9883 -0.9293 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9752 -0.7413 0.8962 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1047 -0.5090 0.6770 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4911 -1.9182 0.4965 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.2921 -3.4633 0.0981 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.8186 -0.8834 -2.9174 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.9839 1.2419 -3.1892 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.9389 0.4435 -4.4500 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.7500 2.1805 -4.1310 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.0812 -4.2016 -1.6503 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8399 2.4691 0.5360 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2669 0.2767 2.5472 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6014 2.3046 0.9910 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1910 1.7603 2.5955 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9364 2.7500 3.0840 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.8274 2.4299 1.3426 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5971 -2.2614 0.4485 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2916 -2.2701 1.0211 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3253 0.2456 2.2789 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2205 -0.2675 3.0762 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9549 -2.3730 2.3400 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3202 -2.1504 -1.7260 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5318 -0.7332 0.5840 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.3065 -0.9542 -2.3585 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.6959 -0.1642 0.2650 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.9431 -1.0454 -1.4588 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.4342 -2.9955 -1.3104 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4564 -2.5784 -0.2138 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 2 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 2 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 2 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 20 25 1 0 15 26 1 0 26 27 1 0 27 28 1 0 28 29 1 0 27 30 1 0 26 31 1 0 10 32 1 0 32 33 1 0 33 34 1 0 34 35 1 0 33 36 1 0 32 37 1 0 5 38 1 0 38 39 1 0 39 40 1 0 40 41 1 0 39 42 1 0 38 43 1 0 40 3 1 0 34 8 1 0 28 13 1 0 22 17 1 0 1 44 1 0 2 45 1 0 2 46 1 0 3 47 1 6 5 48 1 6 7 49 1 0 7 50 1 0 8 51 1 6 10 52 1 6 12 53 1 0 12 54 1 0 13 55 1 1 15 56 1 1 18 57 1 0 19 58 1 0 21 59 1 0 24 60 1 0 24 61 1 0 24 62 1 0 25 63 1 0 26 64 1 6 27 65 1 1 28 66 1 6 29 67 1 0 30 68 1 0 31 69 1 0 32 70 1 1 33 71 1 6 34 72 1 1 35 73 1 0 36 74 1 0 37 75 1 0 38 76 1 1 39 77 1 6 40 78 1 1 41 79 1 0 42 80 1 0 43 81 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	RCHDUXAGNAHQPJ-KZAOFWEMSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C25H38O18/c1-37-10-4-8(27)2-3-9(10)40-25-22(36)19(33)16(30)13(43-25)7-39-24-21(35)18(32)15(29)12(42-24)6-38-23-20(34)17(31)14(28)11(5-26)41-23/h2-4,11-36H,5-7H2,1H3/t11-,12-,13-,14-,15-,16-,17+,18+,19+,20-,21-,22-,23-,24-,25-/m1/s1
SMILES	OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@@H](OC[C@H]3O[C@@H](Oc4ccc(cc4OC)O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]3O)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2O)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O)O)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	626.21	Volume:	557.045 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.124	LogP:	-1.796 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	-0.856 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-0.972 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	10.0	Rigid Bonds:	24.0
TPSA:	287.14 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	18.0
H-Bond Donor:	11.0	Rings:	4.0
Heavy Atoms:	18.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.115	GASA:	0.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.935	Fsp³:	0.76
MCE-18:	110.455 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	1
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.393	Fluc inhibitor:	0.031 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.162 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.075 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.247	Promiscuous compounds:	0.311

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-6.823	MDCK Permeability:	-5.013
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.0	Pgp-substrate:	0.656
PAMPA:	0.999 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.972
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.059	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.998
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.965

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.007	MRP1:	0.015
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	40.893%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.477
Fu:	51.11% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.001
BSEP inhibitor:	0.0

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.083
HLM stability:	0.002 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

0.669

Half-life (T1/2):

5.067

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.008	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.021
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.396	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.636
AMES Toxicity:	0.971	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.0
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.001	Skin Sensitization:	0.999
Carcinogencity:	0.021	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.006	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.0
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.0	Ototoxicity:	0.998
Hematotoxicity:	0.162	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.788
Genotoxicity:	0.039	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.187
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.37	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.238
BCF:	0.225 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	2.05 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	3.74 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	2.783 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO33268	wheat	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	wheat germ	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[19284743]
NPO33268	wheat	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	wheat bran	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[21658963]
NPO33268	wheat	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Activity	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Non-molecular	1

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT20529	Non-molecular	NON-PROTEIN TARGET	n.a.	Activity	=	1.76	n.a.	PMID[19284743]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC60756 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	15590
0.1-0.2	29324
0.2-0.3	3360
0.3-0.4	1220
0.4-0.5	333
0.5-0.6	17
0.6-0.7	6
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	1
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.8	Intermediate Similarity	NPC298845
0.7627	Intermediate Similarity	NPC57751
0.6923	Remote Similarity	NPC287780
0.6923	Remote Similarity	NPC60982
0.6825	Remote Similarity	NPC208769
0.6769	Remote Similarity	NPC37074
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC189589
0.6119	Remote Similarity	NPC469622
0.5942	Remote Similarity	NPC87696
0.5733	Remote Similarity	NPC102851
0.5574	Remote Similarity	NPC152722
0.5455	Remote Similarity	NPC168358
0.5333	Remote Similarity	NPC142319
0.5312	Remote Similarity	NPC192229
0.5312	Remote Similarity	NPC145900
0.5294	Remote Similarity	NPC470448
0.5286	Remote Similarity	NPC70549
0.5217	Remote Similarity	NPC198487
0.5181	Remote Similarity	NPC46958
0.5172	Remote Similarity	NPC228907
0.5135	Remote Similarity	NPC227980
0.5085	Remote Similarity	NPC145112
0.5079	Remote Similarity	NPC25817
0.5067	Remote Similarity	NPC25821
0.5057	Remote Similarity	NPC102028

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC60756 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	5385
0.1-0.2	3664
0.2-0.3	80
0.3-0.4	17
0.4-0.5	4
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data