Structure

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:  357.2
Volume:  347.829
LogP:  -0.978
LogD:  -0.602
LogS:  -1.633
# Rotatable Bonds:  13
TPSA:  172.43
# H-Bond Aceptor:  10
# H-Bond Donor:  7
# Rings:  1
# Heavy Atoms:  10

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:  0.13
Synthetic Accessibility Score:  3.481
Fsp3:  0.733
Lipinski Rule-of-5:  Accepted
Pfizer Rule:  Accepted
GSK Rule:  Accepted
BMS Rule:  0
Golden Triangle Rule:  Accepted
Chelating Alert:  0
PAINS Alert:  0

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab2.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:  -6.373
MDCK Permeability:  0.0003870810614898801
Pgp-inhibitor:  0.009
Pgp-substrate:  0.981
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):  0.036
20% Bioavailability (F20%):  0.009
30% Bioavailability (F30%):  0.008

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):  0.616
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):  7.918951511383057%
Volume Distribution (VD):  0.349
Pgp-substrate:  80.15762329101562%

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:  0.01
CYP1A2-substrate:  0.04
CYP2C19-inhibitor:  0.045
CYP2C19-substrate:  0.051
CYP2C9-inhibitor:  0.035
CYP2C9-substrate:  0.036
CYP2D6-inhibitor:  0.045
CYP2D6-substrate:  0.154
CYP3A4-inhibitor:  0.009
CYP3A4-substrate:  0.022

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):  2.525
Half-life (T1/2):  0.393

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:  0.102
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):  0.095
Drug-inuced Liver Injury (DILI):  0.173
AMES Toxicity:  0.005
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:  0.397
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:  0.009
Skin Sensitization:  0.128
Carcinogencity:  0.026
Eye Corrosion:  0.003
Eye Irritation:  0.007
Respiratory Toxicity:  0.029

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General Info & Identifiers & Properties  
Structure MOL file  
Source Organisms  
Biological Activities  
Similar NPs/Drugs  

  Natural Product: NPC483965

Natural Product ID:  NPC483965
Common Name*:   LTLYEAJONXGNFG-DCAQKATOSA-N
IUPAC Name:   n.a.
Synonyms:  
Standard InCHIKey:  LTLYEAJONXGNFG-DCAQKATOSA-N
Standard InCHI:  InChI=1S/C15H27N5O5/c1-8(2)7-9(20-13(22)10-11(25-10)14(23)24)12(21)18-5-3-4-6-19-15(16)17/h8-11H,3-7H2,1-2H3,(H,18,21)(H,20,22)(H,23,24)(H4,16,17,19)/t9-,10-,11-/m0/s1
SMILES:  CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=NCCCCNC(=N)N)O)N=C([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)O)O1)O
Synthetic Gene Cluster:   n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier:   n.a.
PubChem CID:   123985
Chemical Classification**:  
  • CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]
    • [CHEMONTID:0000002] Organoheterocyclic compounds
      • [CHEMONTID:0000159] Epoxides
        • [CHEMONTID:0001864] Oxirane carboxylic acids and derivatives
          • [CHEMONTID:0002409] Oxirane carboxylic acids

*Note: the InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
**Note: the Chemical Classification was calculated by NPClassifier Version 1.5. Reference: PMID:34662515.

  Species Source

Organism ID Organism Name Taxonomy Level Family SuperKingdom Isolation Part Collection Location Collection Time Reference
NPO40198 Metrodorea stipularis Species Rutaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[25375026]
NPO40680 Marine cyanobacterium from Guam Strain n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[29087712]

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID NP ID Organism Material Preparation Organism Part NP Quantity (Standard) NP Quantity (Minimum) NP Quantity (Maximum) Quantity Unit Reference

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

  Biological Activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference
NPT469 Individual Protein Cathepsin L Homo sapiens IC50 = 47.0 nM PMID[9784105]
NPT214 Individual Protein Cathepsin B Homo sapiens IC50 = 16.0 nM PMID[9784105]
NPT214 Individual Protein Cathepsin B Homo sapiens Inhibition ~ 24.0 % PMID[10617079]
NPT214 Individual Protein Cathepsin B Homo sapiens Inhibition ~ 29.0 % PMID[10617079]
NPT214 Individual Protein Cathepsin B Homo sapiens Inhibition ~ 52.0 % PMID[10617079]
NPT214 Individual Protein Cathepsin B Homo sapiens Inhibition ~ 75.0 % PMID[10617079]
NPT214 Individual Protein Cathepsin B Homo sapiens Inhibition ~ 90.0 % PMID[10617079]
NPT214 Individual Protein Cathepsin B Homo sapiens Inhibition ~ 95.0 % PMID[10617079]
NPT214 Individual Protein Cathepsin B Homo sapiens Inhibition ~ 98.0 % PMID[10617079]
NPT214 Individual Protein Cathepsin B Homo sapiens Inhibition ~ 100.0 % PMID[10617079]
NPT214 Individual Protein Cathepsin B Homo sapiens IC50 = 0.0049 ug.mL-1 PMID[10617079]
NPT3939 Individual Protein Falcipain 2 Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 58.0 nM PMID[15887974]
NPT3939 Individual Protein Falcipain 2 Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 15.0 nM PMID[16509575]
NPT279 Individual Protein Leukocyte elastase Homo sapiens IC50 > 300000.0 nM PMID[17145787]
NPT3939 Individual Protein Falcipain 2 Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 15.0 nM PMID[15588096]
NPT3939 Individual Protein Falcipain 2 Plasmodium falciparum Ki = 290.0 nM PMID[18232656]
NPT6386 Individual Protein Dipeptidyl peptidase I Homo sapiens IC50 = 770.0 nM PMID[17535802]
NPT214 Individual Protein Cathepsin B Homo sapiens IC50 = 10.0 nM PMID[17535802]
NPT469 Individual Protein Cathepsin L Homo sapiens IC50 = 13.0 nM PMID[17535802]
NPT5085 Individual Protein Cathepsin H Homo sapiens IC50 = 190.0 nM PMID[17535802]
NPT5930 Individual Protein Cathepsin S Homo sapiens IC50 = 7.0 nM PMID[17535802]
NPT201 Individual Protein Papain Carica papaya IC50 = 47.0 nM PMID[18995931]
NPT214 Individual Protein Cathepsin B Homo sapiens Ki = 16000.0 nM PMID[19709887]
NPT469 Individual Protein Cathepsin L Homo sapiens IC50 = 47.0 nM PMID[19709887]
NPT3939 Individual Protein Falcipain 2 Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 47.0 nM PMID[20045640]
NPT469 Individual Protein Cathepsin L Homo sapiens Inhibition = -1.3 % PMID[20481438]
NPT214 Individual Protein Cathepsin B Homo sapiens Inhibition = 75.0 % PMID[20481438]
NPT3939 Individual Protein Falcipain 2 Plasmodium falciparum Ki = 40300.0 nM PMID[20434817]
NPT3939 Individual Protein Falcipain 2 Plasmodium falciparum Ki = 290.0 nM PMID[20598553]
NPT3939 Individual Protein Falcipain 2 Plasmodium falciparum Ratio = 1586000.0 n.a. PMID[20598553]
NPT3939 Individual Protein Falcipain 2 Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 111.7 nM PMID[21295887]
NPT5082 Individual Protein Cysteine protease falcipain-3 Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 481.5 nM PMID[21295887]
NPT201 Individual Protein Papain Carica papaya IC50 = 2.0 nM PMID[22071522]
NPT66 Individual Protein Acetylcholinesterase Electrophorus electricus Inhibition = -7.43 % PMID[23062825]
NPT3939 Individual Protein Falcipain 2 Plasmodium falciparum Inhibition = 92.0 % DOI[10.1007/s00044-011-9854-3]
NPT3939 Individual Protein Falcipain 2 Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 20.0 nM DOI[10.1007/s00044-011-9854-3]
NPT201 Individual Protein Papain Carica papaya Ki = 5080.0 nM PMID[23834438]
NPT3579 Individual Protein Calpain 1 Homo sapiens IC50 = 100.0 nM PMID[23834438]
NPT201 Individual Protein Papain Carica papaya IC50 = 7.0 nM PMID[24077527]
NPT3595 Individual Protein Cathepsin K Homo sapiens IC50 = 4.0 nM DOI[10.1039/C1MD00129A]
NPT469 Individual Protein Cathepsin L Homo sapiens IC50 = 16.0 nM DOI[10.1039/C1MD00129A]
NPT214 Individual Protein Cathepsin B Homo sapiens IC50 = 5.0 nM DOI[10.1039/C1MD00129A]
NPT201 Individual Protein Papain Carica papaya IC50 = 120.0 nM DOI[10.1039/C2MD20011B]
NPT214 Individual Protein Cathepsin B Homo sapiens IC50 = 40.0 nM PMID[25375026]
NPT469 Individual Protein Cathepsin L Homo sapiens IC50 = 30.0 nM PMID[25375026]
NPT469 Individual Protein Cathepsin L Homo sapiens Ki = 30.0 nM PMID[28763614]
NPT3939 Individual Protein Falcipain 2 Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 250.0 nM PMID[28763614]
NPT470 Individual Protein Rhodesain Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Ki = 35.0 nM PMID[28763614]
NPT1547 Individual Protein Cathepsin D Homo sapiens Inhibition = 60.0 % PMID[29087712]
NPT737 Cell Line HUVEC Homo sapiens Inhibition = 80.0 % PMID[30962115]
NPT470 Individual Protein Rhodesain Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Inhibition = 100.0 % PMID[32527539]
NPT470 Individual Protein Rhodesain Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Inhibition = 36.0 % PMID[31284086]
NPT470 Individual Protein Rhodesain Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Inhibition = 100.0 % PMID[31284086]
NPT5930 Individual Protein Cathepsin S Homo sapiens Inhibition = 99.9 % PMID[31284086]
NPT2 Others Unspecified Ratio = 0.33 n.a. PMID[9784105]
NPT27 Others Unspecified Inhibition = 90.0 % PMID[10669559]
NPT485 Organism Plasmodium falciparum (isolate K1 / Thailand) Plasmodium falciparum K1 IC50 = 2500.0 nM PMID[15887974]
NPT18808 SINGLE PROTEIN Cysteine protease falcipain-3 Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 75.0 nM PMID[16509575]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum EC50 = 2900.0 nM PMID[17088482]
NPT2 Others Unspecified IC50 > 300000.0 nM PMID[17145787]
NPT18809 SINGLE PROTEIN Lysosomal protective protein Homo sapiens IC50 > 300000.0 nM PMID[17145787]
NPT837 Individual Protein Carboxylesterase Sus scrofa IC50 > 300000.0 nM PMID[17145787]
NPT18808 SINGLE PROTEIN Cysteine protease falcipain-3 Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 35.0 nM PMID[15588096]
NPT791 Individual Protein Cruzipain Trypanosoma cruzi Inhibition = 100.0 % PMID[17960923]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 5300.0 nM PMID[18232656]
NPT2 Others Unspecified Ki = 290.0 nM PMID[19296600]
NPT2 Others Unspecified Inhibition = 36.0 % PMID[18845442]
NPT2 Others Unspecified Inhibition = 97.4 % PMID[19586036]
NPT2 Others Unspecified IC50 = 17.0 nM PMID[19586036]
NPT2 Others Unspecified Ki = 290.0 nM PMID[19709887]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 5300.0 nM PMID[19709887]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 3200.0 nM PMID[20131843]
NPT2 Others Unspecified Ki = 25.0 nM PMID[20131843]
NPT2 Others Unspecified Ki = 220.0 nM PMID[20131843]
NPT2 Others Unspecified Ki = 290.0 nM PMID[19715342]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 5300.0 nM PMID[19715342]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 9300.0 nM PMID[20434817]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 2511.89 nM PMID[19734910]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 3981.07 nM PMID[19734910]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 3162.28 nM PMID[19734910]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 6309.57 nM PMID[19734910]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 3690.0 nM PMID[18443109]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 5880.0 nM PMID[18443109]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 1940.0 nM PMID[21295887]
NPT2 Others Unspecified IC50 = 47.33 nM PMID[21376591]
NPT2 Others Unspecified IC50 = 55.0 nM PMID[21500839]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 1955.0 nM PMID[19435664]
NPT2 Others Unspecified IC50 = 84.0 nM PMID[19435664]
NPT2 Others Unspecified IC50 = 9.0 nM PMID[19435664]
NPT2 Others Unspecified IC50 = 110.0 nM PMID[22071522]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 1940.0 nM PMID[22071522]
NPT2 Others Unspecified Inhibition = 97.4 % PMID[22192590]
NPT2 Others Unspecified IC50 = 17.0 nM PMID[22192590]
NPT2 Others Unspecified IC50 = 24.6 nM PMID[22683112]
NPT791 Individual Protein Cruzipain Trypanosoma cruzi Inhibition = 62.0 % PMID[22840495]
NPT2 Others Unspecified Inhibition = 92.0 % PMID[23040894]
NPT2 Others Unspecified IC50 = 20.0 nM PMID[23040894]
NPT67 Individual Protein Cholinesterase Equus caballus Inhibition = 12.05 % PMID[23062825]
NPT25048 SINGLE PROTEIN Calpain 1 Sus scrofa FC = 1.0 n.a. PMID[23834438]
NPT25048 SINGLE PROTEIN Calpain 1 Sus scrofa Ki = 3960.0 nM PMID[23834438]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 1940.0 nM PMID[24077527]
NPT2 Others Unspecified IC50 = 60.0 nM PMID[24077527]
NPT2 Others Unspecified IC50 = 17.0 nM PMID[24530004]
NPT2 Others Unspecified IC50 = 30.0 nM DOI[10.1039/C1MD00129A]
NPT2 Others Unspecified IC50 = 60.0 nM DOI[10.1039/C2MD20011B]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 1940.0 nM DOI[10.1039/C2MD20011B]
NPT20529 NON-MOLECULAR NON-PROTEIN TARGET n.a. Activity = 3.15 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT485 Organism Plasmodium falciparum (isolate K1 / Thailand) Plasmodium falciparum K1 Activity = 0.55 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT485 Organism Plasmodium falciparum (isolate K1 / Thailand) Plasmodium falciparum K1 Activity = 0.39 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT485 Organism Plasmodium falciparum (isolate K1 / Thailand) Plasmodium falciparum K1 Activity = 1.45 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT485 Organism Plasmodium falciparum (isolate K1 / Thailand) Plasmodium falciparum K1 Activity = 2.11 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT485 Organism Plasmodium falciparum (isolate K1 / Thailand) Plasmodium falciparum K1 Activity = 0.5 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT485 Organism Plasmodium falciparum (isolate K1 / Thailand) Plasmodium falciparum K1 Activity = 2.07 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT20529 NON-MOLECULAR NON-PROTEIN TARGET n.a. Activity = 3.85 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum Activity = 1.78 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum Activity = 0.91 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum Activity = 1.4 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum Activity = 1.2 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum Activity = 0.76 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum Activity = 1.22 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum Activity = 2.1 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum Activity = 1.44 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT6 Organism Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum Activity = 3.0 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT485 Organism Plasmodium falciparum (isolate K1 / Thailand) Plasmodium falciparum K1 Activity = 1.69 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT485 Organism Plasmodium falciparum (isolate K1 / Thailand) Plasmodium falciparum K1 Activity = 0.67 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT485 Organism Plasmodium falciparum (isolate K1 / Thailand) Plasmodium falciparum K1 Activity = 1.25 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT20529 NON-MOLECULAR NON-PROTEIN TARGET n.a. Activity = 1.06 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT20529 NON-MOLECULAR NON-PROTEIN TARGET n.a. Activity = 2.05 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT20529 NON-MOLECULAR NON-PROTEIN TARGET n.a. Activity = 1.33 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT20529 NON-MOLECULAR NON-PROTEIN TARGET n.a. Activity = 0.8 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT20529 NON-MOLECULAR NON-PROTEIN TARGET n.a. Activity = 0.45 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT20529 NON-MOLECULAR NON-PROTEIN TARGET n.a. Activity = 1.32 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT20529 NON-MOLECULAR NON-PROTEIN TARGET n.a. Activity = 1.15 n.a. PMID[25137549]
NPT2 Others Unspecified IC50 = 125.0 nM PMID[26112378]
NPT791 Individual Protein Cruzipain Trypanosoma cruzi Inhibition = 100.0 % PMID[27475533]
NPT791 Individual Protein Cruzipain Trypanosoma cruzi IC50 = 400.0 nM PMID[27475533]
NPT20556 SINGLE PROTEIN Replicase polyprotein 1ab Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Inhibition = 10.6 % DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL4495564]
NPT20555 ORGANISM SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Inhibition = 0.3 % DOI[10.6019/CHEMBL4495565]
NPT791 Individual Protein Cruzipain Trypanosoma cruzi Inhibition = 32.0 % PMID[31284086]
NPT791 Individual Protein Cruzipain Trypanosoma cruzi Inhibition = 96.0 % PMID[31284086]
NPT791 Individual Protein Cruzipain Trypanosoma cruzi Inhibition = 92.4 % PMID[31284086]
NPT791 Individual Protein Cruzipain Trypanosoma cruzi Inhibition = 100.0 % PMID[31284086]
NPT791 Individual Protein Cruzipain Trypanosoma cruzi Inhibition = 94.3 % PMID[31284086]
NPT18815 SINGLE PROTEIN Cathepsin B Rattus norvegicus Inhibition = 99.1 % PMID[31284086]
NPT18815 SINGLE PROTEIN Cathepsin B Rattus norvegicus Inhibition = 100.1 % PMID[31284086]

☑ Note for Activity Records:
☉ The quantitative biological activities were primarily integrated from ChEMBL (Version-30) database and were also directly collected from PubMed literature. PubMed PMID was provided as the reference link for each activity record.

  Chemically structural similarity: I. Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes 4,3285 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules. Tc lies between [0, 1] where '1' indicates the highest similarity. What is Tanimoto coefficient

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC483965 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
●  The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Natural Product ID

  Chemically structural similarity: II. Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC483965 and all drugs/candidates.
●  The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Drug ID Developmental Stage

  Bioactivity similarity: Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
A: chemistry similarity;
B: biological targets similarity;
C: networks similarity;
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
E: similarity based on clinical data.

Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity
B: biological targets similarity
C: networks similarity
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity
E: similarity based on clinical data