NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC481059

Natural Product ID	NPC481059
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	LNPWRZLTWATDRN-CXXZTDTQSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	n.a.
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000264] Organic acids and derivatives [CHEMONTID:0000265] Carboxylic acids and derivatives [CHEMONTID:0002995] Pentacarboxylic acids and derivatives

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 76 79 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -3.4135 0.9054 -1.4766 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0486 0.0849 -0.2975 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5041 0.7002 1.0135 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4889 1.4794 1.7121 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0724 0.9080 1.7417 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6638 0.5182 0.3639 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6162 1.8014 -0.4361 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2312 1.5823 -1.7819 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1268 2.6221 -2.6793 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3832 3.7858 -2.2750 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2720 2.4450 -4.0971 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7214 -0.0610 0.2417 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8039 -1.5488 0.3548 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3172 -2.2653 -0.3533 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1250 -1.2723 -1.2159 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7001 -0.4889 -0.1973 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8520 -1.3219 0.9648 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3841 -2.5581 0.6822 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7816 -3.1229 1.9749 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3834 -3.5685 0.2129 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7039 -2.0178 -2.1761 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5027 -2.1743 -3.4893 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5631 -1.4403 -3.8160 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1941 -3.0193 -4.4579 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0066 -1.9847 -0.3054 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9592 -2.7534 0.3104 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8056 -3.1108 1.5065 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2080 -3.2085 -0.3688 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6407 0.6511 0.9489 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6842 1.3890 0.4453 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6974 1.3773 -0.7995 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6410 2.0810 1.2643 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6557 2.8936 0.7443 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4125 3.3634 1.7971 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8958 2.8701 2.8968 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8592 2.1169 2.6184 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3065 2.0671 2.1316 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3264 2.1874 3.3405 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2468 1.2194 4.1368 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0519 3.4525 3.6216 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5976 1.9751 -1.1576 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7750 0.8126 -2.3554 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4467 0.6461 -1.8830 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7430 -0.8192 -0.3565 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3447 1.3928 0.7355 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9589 -0.0300 1.7152 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4532 2.5629 1.4401 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7698 1.5259 2.8130 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0132 0.1128 2.5132 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2689 2.3509 0.0151 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4456 2.4771 -0.3050 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6577 2.2061 -4.6693 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9461 1.5744 -4.2415 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6613 3.3850 -4.4983 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0552 0.1181 -0.8401 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8546 -1.9498 1.3575 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0044 -3.1372 -0.9246 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3468 -0.7367 -1.7862 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0728 -3.7748 1.8016 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5611 -3.7758 2.4730 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6058 -2.3140 2.7214 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3884 -3.1027 0.2446 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1143 -3.9405 -0.7931 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4503 -4.4670 0.8585 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1136 -4.1063 -4.2034 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8980 -2.8738 -5.4922 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2882 -2.7814 -4.3941 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1257 -4.3184 -0.4395 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0421 -2.9573 0.3191 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2965 -2.7321 -1.3643 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8528 3.1391 -0.2756 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2756 4.0120 1.8081 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2657 1.5999 3.3674 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5173 3.8131 2.6930 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3592 4.2587 3.9441 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8566 3.2697 4.3567 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 6 7 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 2 0 9 11 1 0 6 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 1 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 18 20 1 0 15 21 1 0 21 22 1 0 22 23 2 0 22 24 1 0 13 25 1 0 25 26 1 0 26 27 2 0 26 28 1 0 12 29 1 0 29 30 1 0 30 31 2 0 30 32 1 0 32 33 1 0 33 34 2 0 34 35 1 0 35 36 1 0 5 37 1 0 37 38 1 0 38 39 2 0 38 40 1 0 16 2 1 0 36 32 2 0 16 6 1 0 18 14 1 0 1 41 1 0 1 42 1 0 1 43 1 0 2 44 1 6 3 45 1 0 3 46 1 0 4 47 1 0 4 48 1 0 5 49 1 1 7 50 1 0 7 51 1 0 11 52 1 0 11 53 1 0 11 54 1 0 12 55 1 6 13 56 1 1 14 57 1 6 15 58 1 6 19 59 1 0 19 60 1 0 19 61 1 0 20 62 1 0 20 63 1 0 20 64 1 0 24 65 1 0 24 66 1 0 24 67 1 0 28 68 1 0 28 69 1 0 28 70 1 0 33 71 1 0 34 72 1 0 36 73 1 0 40 74 1 0 40 75 1 0 40 76 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	LNPWRZLTWATDRN-CXXZTDTQSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C28H36O12/c1-14-8-9-20(36-16(3)30)27(13-35-15(2)29)24(39-25(33)19-10-11-34-12-19)22(37-17(4)31)21-23(38-18(5)32)28(14,27)40-26(21,6)7/h10-12,14,20-24H,8-9,13H2,1-7H3/t14-,20+,21-,22-,23-,24+,27+,28-/m1/s1
SMILES	C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]([C@@]2(COC(=O)C)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]3[C@H]([C@]12OC3(C)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)c1ccoc1)OC(=O)C

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	564.22	Volume:	545.646 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.034	LogP:	1.633 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	2.029 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-3.388 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	12.0	Rigid Bonds:	24.0
TPSA:	153.87 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	12.0
H-Bond Donor:	0.0	Rings:	4.0
Heavy Atoms:	12.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.353	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	6.032	Fsp³:	0.679
MCE-18:	147.447 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.331	Fluc inhibitor:	0.013 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.005 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.009 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.153	Promiscuous compounds:	0.285

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.237	MDCK Permeability:	-4.854
Pgp-inhibitor:	1.0	Pgp-substrate:	0.753
PAMPA:	0.266 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.004
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.877	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.996
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.996

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.021	MRP1:	0.999
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	42.807%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.492
Fu:	52.169% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.993	BCRP inhibitor:	0.529
BSEP inhibitor:	0.994

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.099
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.003	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.042
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.411
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.176
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.002
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.996
HLM stability:	0.996 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

4.566

Half-life (T1/2):

0.537

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.029	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.153
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.267	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.971
AMES Toxicity:	0.72	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.526
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.448	Skin Sensitization:	0.93
Carcinogencity:	0.846	Eye Corrosion:	0.004
Eye Irritation:	0.505	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.115
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.031	Ototoxicity:	0.237
Hematotoxicity:	0.133	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.454
Genotoxicity:	0.973	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.077
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.031	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.067
BCF:	0.574 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.481 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	5.274 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.843 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO6255	Celastrus paniculatus	Species	Celastraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/0031-9422(90)80182-G]
NPO6255	Celastrus paniculatus	Species	Celastraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[32031809]
NPO6255	Celastrus paniculatus	Species	Celastraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO6255	Celastrus paniculatus	Species	Celastraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO6255	Celastrus paniculatus	Species	Celastraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO6255	Celastrus paniculatus	Species	Celastraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Survival	2

Activity Type	# Activity
Organism	2

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT530	Organism	Caenorhabditis elegans	Caenorhabditis elegans	Survival	=	16.83	day	PMID[32031809]
NPT530	Organism	Caenorhabditis elegans	Caenorhabditis elegans	Survival	=	11.0	%	PMID[32031809]

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC481059 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	17337
0.1-0.2	30804
0.2-0.3	1402
0.3-0.4	219
0.4-0.5	55
0.5-0.6	18
0.6-0.7	11
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	2
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.8571	High Similarity	NPC488900
0.8571	High Similarity	NPC488899
0.7162	Intermediate Similarity	NPC481062
0.7162	Intermediate Similarity	NPC481058
0.7162	Intermediate Similarity	NPC481060
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC90257
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC69357
0.7083	Intermediate Similarity	NPC481057
0.7083	Intermediate Similarity	NPC305403
0.6867	Remote Similarity	NPC488902
0.6867	Remote Similarity	NPC488903
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC294803
0.6711	Remote Similarity	NPC481064
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC483845
0.6622	Remote Similarity	NPC483844
0.6579	Remote Similarity	NPC483848
0.642	Remote Similarity	NPC473115
0.642	Remote Similarity	NPC148896
0.622	Remote Similarity	NPC180668
0.6076	Remote Similarity	NPC483849
0.5833	Remote Similarity	NPC10904
0.5732	Remote Similarity	NPC4421
0.557	Remote Similarity	NPC481061
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC147340
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC471013
0.5542	Remote Similarity	NPC212768
0.5467	Remote Similarity	NPC66761
0.5467	Remote Similarity	NPC483843
0.5432	Remote Similarity	NPC481063
0.5263	Remote Similarity	NPC476094
0.5256	Remote Similarity	NPC473060
0.5238	Remote Similarity	NPC271460
0.5176	Remote Similarity	NPC479049
0.5125	Remote Similarity	NPC483842
0.5065	Remote Similarity	NPC211137
0.5063	Remote Similarity	NPC17877
0.5057	Remote Similarity	NPC479048
0.5053	Remote Similarity	NPC6981

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC481059 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	3821
0.1-0.2	5287
0.2-0.3	42
0.3-0.4	0
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data