Plant Name: Citrus limon
Taxonomic Information:
Plant ID: NPO319
Plant Latin Name: Citrus limon
Taxonomy Genus: Citrus
Taxonomy Family: Rutaceae
Plant External Links:
NCBI TaxonomyDB:
2708
Plant-of-the-World-Online:
n.a.
Used in Medicines:
Country/Region:
Guinea; China; IndiaTraditional Medicine System:
Sowa-Rigpa; Indian Folk; Unani; Siddha; Ayurveda; TCM; HomeopathyMedicinal Functions:
Antibacterial; Antiperiodic; Antiscorbutic; Aromatherapy; Astringent; Carminative; Miscellany; Refrigerant; Rubefacient; Stimulant; Stomachic; Vitamin C
Geographical Distribution:
Guinea; China; India
Example Image
Geographical Distribution
See the Plant Occurrence Worldwide with Latitude and Longitude Available
Collective Molecular Activities of the Plant
List of Human Proteins Collectively Targeted by the Plant
Click Gene ID to Access Activity Profile of Individual Target
| TSHR; | |
| MAPK1; | |
| CA2; CA7; CA4; CA12; | |
| NR1H4; | |
| ESR1; | |
| HSD17B10; | |
| MMP2; MMP9; MMP1; | |
| NFKB1; | |
| L3MBTL1; | |
| LMNA; |
List of Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Affected by the Plant
Click Gene ID to Access Activity Profile of Individual Enzyme
| Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: | CYP1B1; |
|---|
Detailed Information of Target Proteins
| Protein Class | Gene ID | Protein Name | Uniprot ID | Target ChEMBL ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytochrome P450 family 1 | CYP1B1 | Cytochrome P450 1B1 | Q16678 | CHEMBL4878 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | HSD17B10 | Endoplasmic reticulum-associated amyloid beta-peptide-binding protein | Q99714 | CHEMBL4159 |
| Lyase | CA2 | Carbonic anhydrase II | P00918 | CHEMBL205 |
| Lyase | CA7 | Carbonic anhydrase VII | P43166 | CHEMBL2326 |
| Lyase | CA4 | Carbonic anhydrase IV | P22748 | CHEMBL3729 |
| Lyase | CA12 | Carbonic anhydrase XII | O43570 | CHEMBL3242 |
| Metallo protease | MMP2 | Matrix metalloproteinase-2 | P08253 | CHEMBL333 |
| Metallo protease | MMP9 | Matrix metalloproteinase 9 | P14780 | CHEMBL321 |
| Metallo protease | MMP1 | Matrix metalloproteinase-1 | P03956 | CHEMBL332 |
| Methyl-lysine/arginine binding protein | L3MBTL1 | Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 | Q9Y468 | CHEMBL1287622 |
| Nuclear hormone receptor subfamily 1 group H | NR1H4 | Bile acid receptor FXR | Q96RI1 | CHEMBL2047 |
| Nuclear hormone receptor subfamily 3 group A | ESR1 | Estrogen receptor alpha | P03372 | CHEMBL206 |
| Peptide receptor (family A GPCR) | TSHR | Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | P16473 | CHEMBL1963 |
| Protein Kinase | MAPK1 | MAP kinase ERK2 | P28482 | CHEMBL4040 |
| Transcription Factor | NFKB1 | Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit | P19838 | CHEMBL3251 |
| Unclassified | LMNA | Prelamin-A/C | P02545 | CHEMBL1293235 |
Enrichment of Gene Ontology of Target Proteins (Activity≤1μM)
Detailed Information of Enriched Gene Ontolgy
| GO Type | GO Category | Enriched GO Terms | p-Value | Adjusted p-Value | Enriched Genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MF | GO:0005488; binding | GO:0008270; zinc ion binding | 1.051E-10 | 1.145E-06 | CA12, CA2, CA4, CA7, ESR1, L3MBTL1, MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, NR1H4 |
| MF | GO:0003824; catalytic activity | GO:0004089; carbonate dehydratase activity | 4.261E-10 | 3.093E-06 | CA12, CA2, CA4, CA7 |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0006730; one-carbon metabolic process | 1.820E-08 | 9.906E-05 | CA12, CA2, CA4, CA7 |
| BP | GO:0051179; localization | GO:0015701; bicarbonate transport | 4.177E-08 | 1.819E-04 | CA12, CA2, CA4, CA7 |
| BP | GO:0009987; cellular process | GO:0032849; positive regulation of cellular pH reduction | 1.929E-06 | 4.200E-03 | CA2, CA7 |
Enriched KEGG Pathways of Target Proteins (Activity≤1μM)
Top 10 KEGG Pathways (ordered by adjusted p-value)
Detailed Information of Enriched KEGG Pathways
| Pathway Category Top Level | Pathway Category Second Level | Pathway ID | Pathway Name | p-Value | Adjusted p-Value | Enriched Genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09161 Cancers | hsa05219 | Bladder cancer | 2.717E-08 | 1.739E-06 | MMP1, MMP2, MAPK1, MMP9 |
| 09100 Metabolism | 09102 Energy metabolism | hsa00910 | Nitrogen metabolism | 6.459E-10 | 8.267E-08 | CA12, CA2, CA4, CA7 |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09152 Endocrine system | hsa04915 | Estrogen signaling pathway | 9.821E-07 | 4.190E-05 | MMP2, MAPK1, ESR1, MMP9 |
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09161 Cancers | hsa05200 | Pathways in cancer | 1.096E-05 | 3.507E-04 | MMP1, MMP2, MAPK1, MMP9, NFKB1 |
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09161 Cancers | hsa05205 | Proteoglycans in cancer | 1.704E-05 | 4.363E-04 | MMP2, MAPK1, ESR1, MMP9 |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09152 Endocrine system | hsa04917 | Prolactin signaling pathway | 2.422E-05 | 5.168E-04 | MAPK1, ESR1, NFKB1 |
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09166 Endocrine and metabolic diseases | hsa04933 | AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications | 6.674E-05 | 1.205E-03 | MMP2, MAPK1, NFKB1 |
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09161 Cancers | hsa05206 | MicroRNAs in cancer | 7.534E-05 | 1.205E-03 | CYP1B1, MAPK1, MMP9, NFKB1 |
| 09130 Environmental Information Processing | 09132 Signal transduction | hsa04668 | TNF signaling pathway | 8.605E-05 | 1.224E-03 | MAPK1, MMP9, NFKB1 |
| 09140 Cellular Processes | 09143 Cell growth and death | hsa04210 | Apoptosis | 1.759E-04 | 2.046E-03 | LMNA, MAPK1, NFKB1 |
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09167 Infectious diseases | hsa05161 | Hepatitis B | 1.990E-04 | 2.123E-03 | MAPK1, MMP9, NFKB1 |
| 09130 Environmental Information Processing | 09132 Signal transduction | hsa04024 | cAMP signaling pathway | 4.939E-04 | 4.863E-03 | MAPK1, NFKB1, TSHR |
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09161 Cancers | hsa05221 | Acute myeloid leukemia | 9.334E-04 | 7.965E-03 | MAPK1, NFKB1 |
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09161 Cancers | hsa05212 | Pancreatic cancer | 1.249E-03 | 9.298E-03 | MAPK1, NFKB1 |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09151 Immune system | hsa04662 | B cell receptor signaling pathway | 1.526E-03 | 9.298E-03 | MAPK1, NFKB1 |
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09161 Cancers | hsa05220 | Chronic myeloid leukemia | 1.526E-03 | 9.298E-03 | MAPK1, NFKB1 |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09151 Immune system | hsa04621 | NOD-like receptor signaling pathway | 9.334E-04 | 7.965E-03 | MAPK1, NFKB1 |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09155 Excretory system | hsa04964 | Proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation | 1.503E-04 | 1.924E-03 | CA2, CA4 |
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09167 Infectious diseases | hsa05131 | Shigellosis | 1.212E-03 | 9.298E-03 | MAPK1, NFKB1 |
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09167 Infectious diseases | hsa05140 | Leishmaniasis | 1.526E-03 | 9.298E-03 | MAPK1, NFKB1 |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09154 Digestive system | hsa04976 | Bile secretion | 1.444E-03 | 9.298E-03 | CA2, NR1H4 |
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09167 Infectious diseases | hsa05133 | Pertussis | 1.609E-03 | 9.363E-03 | MAPK1, NFKB1 |
Human Diseases Associated with the Target Proteins of the Plant
Detailed Information of Human Diseases
| ICD10 Disease Category | Disease Name | ICD10 Code | Associated Disease Targets (Association Ref: TTD database) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NA: NA | Postmenopausal disorder | NA | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Post-menopausal vaginal atrophy | N95.2 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Thyroid cancer | C73 | TSHR; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Vagina disease | N76.0 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Leukemia | C90-C95 | ESR1; |
| W85-W99: Exposure to electric current, radiation and extreme ambient air temperature and pressure | Diagnostic test to differentiate primary and secondary hypothyroidism | W88 | TSHR; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Stroke | I61-I63, I80-I82 | MMP9; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Adrenocortical carcinoma | C74.0 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Lung cancer | C33-C34 | MMP2; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Advanced prostate cancer | C61 | ESR1; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Insomnia | F51.0, G47.0 | CA2; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Irregularities | N92.6 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Brain cancer | C71, D33 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Breast cancer | C50 | ESR1; |
| NA: NA | Gonorrheal vaginitis | NA | ESR1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Hyperlipidaemia | E78 | ESR1; |
| Z00-Z99: Factors influencing health status and contact with health services | Hormone replacement therapy | Z79.890 | ESR1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Diabetic nephropathy | E11.21 | MMP1; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | High blood pressure | I10-I16 | CA2; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Hormone deficiency | E00-E90 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Hormone refractory prostate cancer | C61 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Non-small-cell lung cancer | NA | MMP2; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Carcinoma | D00-D09 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Cancer | C00-C96 | ESR1; NFKB1; MMP9; MAPK1; MMP2; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Arthralgia | M25.5 | ESR1; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Arthritis | M00-M25 | MMP1; |
| NA: NA | Menopausal disorder | NA | ESR1; |
| Z00-Z99: Factors influencing health status and contact with health services | Oral contraceptive | Z30 | ESR1; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Rheumatoid arthritis | M05-M06 | MMP1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Atrophic vaginitis | N95.2 | ESR1; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Atrophy | M62.571 | ESR1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Autoimmune diabetes | E08-E13 | ESR1; |
| K00-K95: Diseases of the digestive system | Duodenal ulcers | K25-K27 | CA2; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Dysmenorrhea | N94.4-N94.6 | ESR1; |
| Z00-Z99: Factors influencing health status and contact with health services | Contraception | Z30 | ESR1; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Edema associated with congestive heart failure | I50, R60.9 | CA2; |
| NA: NA | Edema | NA | CA2; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Pain | G64, G90.0, R52, G89 | ESR1; |
| K00-K95: Diseases of the digestive system | Ulcerative colitis | K51 | MMP9; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Estrogen deficiency | E28.39 | ESR1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Type 2 diabetes | E11 | NFKB1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Thyroid cancer diagnosis | C73 | TSHR; |
| A00-B99: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | Trematode infection | B66.9 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Solid tumours | C00-D48 | MMP9; MAPK1; MMP2; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Prostate cancer | C61 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Colorectal cancer | C18-C21 | MMP9; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Restenosis | I51.89 | MAPK1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Renal cell carcinoma | NA | MMP2; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Neurological disease | I21, I22, R52, R52.1-R52.2, R60.9, G89 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Dyspareunia | N94.1 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Infertility | N97.0 | ESR1; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Open-angle glaucoma | H40-H42 | CA4; CA2; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Ocular hypertension | H40.0 | CA4; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Hypogonadism | E23.0, E28.3, E29.1 | ESR1; |
| L00-L99: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | Acne vulgaris | L70.0 | ESR1; MMP2; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Multiple scierosis | G35 | ESR1; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Osteoarthritis | M15-M19, M47 | MMP2; |
| Q00-Q99: Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities | Osteopetrosis | Q78.2 | ESR1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Female hypogonadism | E23, E28 | ESR1; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Eye disorders | H00-H59 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Pancreatic cancer | C25 | MMP2; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Menopause symptoms | N95.0 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Menorrhagia | N92.0 | ESR1; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Female sexual dysfunction | F52 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Female infertility due to anovulation | N97.0 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Female infertility | N97.0 | ESR1; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Osteoporosis | M80-M81, Z79.890 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Ovarian cancer | C56 | MMP2; |
>> Profiles of ingredients and activity landscape
>> Collective molecular activities profile at 10μM cutoff
>> Targets derived from weak experimental activities
