Plant Name: Ephedra equisetina
Taxonomic Information:
Plant ID: NPO28125
Plant Latin Name: Ephedra equisetina
Taxonomy Genus: Ephedra
Taxonomy Family: Ephedraceae
Plant External Links:
NCBI TaxonomyDB:
173280
Plant-of-the-World-Online:
928049-1
Used in Medicines:
Country/Region:
India; ChinaTraditional Medicine System:
Indian Folk; TCMMedicinal Functions:
Antidote; Antihydrotic; Cardiac; Diaphoretic; Diuretic; Pectoral; Vasoconstrictor; Vasodilator
Geographical Distribution:
Turkey; Turkmenistan; India; Mongolia; Uzbekistan; China; Tajikistan; Russia
Example Image
Geographical Distribution
See the Plant Occurrence Worldwide with Latitude and Longitude Available
Collective Molecular Activities of the Plant
List of Human Proteins Collectively Targeted by the Plant
Click Gene ID to Access Activity Profile of Individual Target
| TSHR; NMUR2; | |
| ADRA2A; HCAR2; | |
| CES1; TDP1; BLM; P4HB; PKM; ALOX12; AKR1B1; HSD17B10; ALOX15; POLB; CES2; | |
| GAA; | |
| CA2; CA12; CA1; CA9; CA7; CA5A; CA3; CA14; CA5B; CA4; CA6; | |
| PPARA; PPARD; | |
| ESR2; | |
| KDM4E; | |
| TLR2; | |
| HIF1A; | |
| LMNA; FABP3; FABP5; FABP2; FABP4; MAPT; THPO; | |
| SMN1;SMN2; |
List of Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Affected by the Plant
Click Gene ID to Access Activity Profile of Individual Enzyme
Detailed Information of Target Proteins
| Protein Class | Gene ID | Protein Name | Uniprot ID | Target ChEMBL ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytochrome P450 family 1 | CYP1A2 | Cytochrome P450 1A2 | P05177 | CHEMBL3356 |
| Cytochrome P450 family 2 | CYP2C19 | Cytochrome P450 2C19 | P33261 | CHEMBL3622 |
| Cytochrome P450 family 2 | CYP2C9 | Cytochrome P450 2C9 | P11712 | CHEMBL3397 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | CES1 | Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase | P23141 | CHEMBL2265 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | TDP1 | Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 | Q9NUW8 | CHEMBL1075138 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | BLM | Bloom syndrome protein | P54132 | CHEMBL1293237 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | P4HB | Protein disulfide-isomerase | P07237 | CHEMBL5422 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | PKM | Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 | P14618 | CHEMBL1075189 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | ALOX12 | Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | P18054 | CHEMBL3687 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | AKR1B1 | Aldose reductase | P15121 | CHEMBL1900 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | HSD17B10 | Endoplasmic reticulum-associated amyloid beta-peptide-binding protein | Q99714 | CHEMBL4159 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | ALOX15 | Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase | P16050 | CHEMBL2903 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | POLB | DNA polymerase beta | P06746 | CHEMBL2392 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | CES2 | Carboxylesterase 2 | O00748 | CHEMBL3180 |
| Hydrolase | GAA | Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase | P10253 | CHEMBL2608 |
| Lyase | CA2 | Carbonic anhydrase II | P00918 | CHEMBL205 |
| Lyase | CA12 | Carbonic anhydrase XII | O43570 | CHEMBL3242 |
| Lyase | CA1 | Carbonic anhydrase I | P00915 | CHEMBL261 |
| Lyase | CA9 | Carbonic anhydrase IX | Q16790 | CHEMBL3594 |
| Lyase | CA7 | Carbonic anhydrase VII | P43166 | CHEMBL2326 |
| Lyase | CA5A | Carbonic anhydrase VA | P35218 | CHEMBL4789 |
| Lyase | CA3 | Carbonic anhydrase III | P07451 | CHEMBL2885 |
| Lyase | CA14 | Carbonic anhydrase XIV | Q9ULX7 | CHEMBL3510 |
| Lyase | CA5B | Carbonic anhydrase VB | Q9Y2D0 | CHEMBL3969 |
| Lyase | CA4 | Carbonic anhydrase IV | P22748 | CHEMBL3729 |
| Lyase | CA6 | Carbonic anhydrase VI | P23280 | CHEMBL3025 |
| Lysine demethylase | KDM4E | Lysine-specific demethylase 4D-like | B2RXH2 | CHEMBL1293226 |
| Methyl-lysine/arginine binding protein | SMN1;SMN2 | Survival motor neuron protein | Q16637 | CHEMBL1293232 |
| Nuclear hormone receptor subfamily 1 group C | PPARA | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha | Q07869 | CHEMBL239 |
| Nuclear hormone receptor subfamily 1 group C | PPARD | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Q03181 | CHEMBL3979 |
| Nuclear hormone receptor subfamily 3 group A | ESR2 | Estrogen receptor beta | Q92731 | CHEMBL242 |
| Peptide receptor (family A GPCR) | TSHR | Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | P16473 | CHEMBL1963 |
| Peptide receptor (family A GPCR) | NMUR2 | Neuromedin-U receptor 2 | Q9GZQ4 | CHEMBL1075144 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | ADRA2A | Alpha-2a adrenergic receptor | P08913 | CHEMBL1867 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | HCAR2 | Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 | Q8TDS4 | CHEMBL3785 |
| Toll-like and Il-1 receptors | TLR2 | Toll-like receptor 2 | O60603 | CHEMBL4163 |
| Transcription Factor | HIF1A | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha | Q16665 | CHEMBL4261 |
| Unclassified | LMNA | Prelamin-A/C | P02545 | CHEMBL1293235 |
| Unclassified | FABP3 | Fatty acid binding protein muscle | P05413 | CHEMBL3344 |
| Unclassified | FABP5 | Fatty acid binding protein epidermal | Q01469 | CHEMBL3674 |
| Unclassified | FABP2 | Fatty acid binding protein intestinal | P12104 | CHEMBL4879 |
| Unclassified | FABP4 | Fatty acid binding protein adipocyte | P15090 | CHEMBL2083 |
| Unclassified | MAPT | Microtubule-associated protein tau | P10636 | CHEMBL1293224 |
| Unclassified | THPO | Thrombopoietin | P40225 | CHEMBL1293256 |
Enrichment of Gene Ontology of Target Proteins (Activity≤10μM)
Detailed Information of Enriched Gene Ontolgy
| GO Type | GO Category | Enriched GO Terms | p-Value | Adjusted p-Value | Enriched Genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MF | GO:0005488; binding | GO:0008270; zinc ion binding | 2.425E-09 | 3.300E-06 | BLM, CA1, CA12, CA2, CA3, CA4, CA5A, CA5B, CA6, CA7, CA9, ESR2, PPARA, PPARD |
| MF | GO:0005488; binding | GO:0005504; fatty acid binding | 4.240E-09 | 5.129E-06 | FABP2, FABP3, FABP4, FABP5, PPARD |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0016098; monoterpenoid metabolic process | 2.352E-07 | 1.829E-04 | CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0019433; triglyceride catabolic process | 3.136E-07 | 2.325E-04 | FABP2, FABP3, FABP4, FABP5 |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0055114; oxidation-reduction process | 6.583E-07 | 4.480E-04 | AKR1B1, ALOX12, ALOX15, CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, GAA, HSD17B10, KDM4E, P4HB, PKM, PPARD |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0097267; omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway | 1.402E-06 | 7.826E-04 | CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 |
| MF | GO:0003824; catalytic activity | GO:0004089; carbonate dehydratase activity | 3.946E-27 | 8.592E-23 | CA1, CA12, CA14, CA2, CA3, CA4, CA5A, CA5B, CA6, CA7, CA9 |
| BP | GO:0050896; response to stimulus | GO:0009725; response to hormone | 2.191E-06 | 1.110E-03 | ADRA2A, AKR1B1, CA2, CA9, CYP1A2, FABP3, PKM, PPARA, TLR2, TSHR |
| BP | GO:0050896; response to stimulus | GO:0042738; exogenous drug catabolic process | 2.561E-06 | 1.250E-03 | CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:2001303; lipoxin A4 biosynthetic process | 5.307E-06 | 2.222E-03 | ALOX12, ALOX15 |
| MF | GO:0003824; catalytic activity | GO:0047977; hepoxilin-epoxide hydrolase activity | 5.307E-06 | 2.222E-03 | ALOX12, ALOX15 |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0006805; xenobiotic metabolic process | 6.634E-06 | 2.726E-03 | CES1, CES2, CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0019373; epoxygenase P450 pathway | 1.526E-05 | 5.583E-03 | CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 |
| BP | GO:0009987; cellular process | GO:0032849; positive regulation of cellular pH reduction | 1.590E-05 | 5.583E-03 | CA2, CA7 |
| MF | GO:0003824; catalytic activity | GO:0004052; arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase activity | 1.590E-05 | 5.583E-03 | ALOX12, ALOX15 |
| MF | GO:0003824; catalytic activity | GO:0051120; hepoxilin A3 synthase activity | 1.590E-05 | 5.583E-03 | ALOX12, ALOX15 |
| MF | GO:0003824; catalytic activity | GO:0047374; methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase activity | 1.590E-05 | 5.583E-03 | CES1, CES2 |
| BP | GO:0051179; localization | GO:0015908; fatty acid transport | 1.770E-05 | 6.116E-03 | FABP3, NMUR2, PPARA, PPARD |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0008202; steroid metabolic process | 2.207E-05 | 7.173E-03 | AKR1B1, CES1, CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, PPARD |
| MF | GO:0003824; catalytic activity | GO:0034875; caffeine oxidase activity | 3.175E-05 | 9.602E-03 | CYP1A2, CYP2C9 |
| BP | GO:0051179; localization | GO:0015701; bicarbonate transport | 2.115E-20 | 2.303E-16 | CA1, CA12, CA14, CA2, CA3, CA4, CA5A, CA5B, CA6, CA7, CA9 |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0006730; one-carbon metabolic process | 3.908E-19 | 1.702E-15 | CA1, CA12, CA2, CA3, CA4, CA5A, CA5B, CA6, CA7, CA9 |
| CC | GO:0016020; membrane | GO:0016323; basolateral plasma membrane | 7.013E-05 | 1.735E-02 | ADRA2A, CA2, CA4, CA9, TSHR |
Enriched KEGG Pathways of Target Proteins (Activity≤10μM)
Top 10 KEGG Pathways (ordered by adjusted p-value)
Detailed Information of Enriched KEGG Pathways
| Pathway Category Top Level | Pathway Category Second Level | Pathway ID | Pathway Name | p-Value | Adjusted p-Value | Enriched Genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 09100 Metabolism | 09102 Energy metabolism | hsa00910 | Nitrogen metabolism | 4.466E-05 | 1.429E-03 | CA2, CA14 |
| 09100 Metabolism | 09103 Lipid metabolism | hsa00591 | Linoleic acid metabolism | 1.328E-04 | 2.125E-03 | CYP2C9, ALOX15 |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09152 Endocrine system | hsa04923 | Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes | 4.992E-04 | 4.894E-03 | FABP4, TSHR |
| 09100 Metabolism | 09103 Lipid metabolism | hsa00590 | Arachidonic acid metabolism | 6.117E-04 | 4.894E-03 | CYP2C9, ALOX15 |
Human Diseases Associated with the Target Proteins of the Plant
Detailed Information of Human Diseases
| ICD10 Disease Category | Disease Name | ICD10 Code | Associated Disease Targets (Association Ref: TTD database) |
|---|---|---|---|
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Sexual dysfunction | F52 | ADRA2A; |
| A00-B99: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | Bacterial infections | A00-B99 | CYP2C9; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Edema associated with congestive heart failure | I50, R60.9 | CA2; |
| NA: NA | Edema | NA | CA2; |
| K00-K95: Diseases of the digestive system | Duodenal ulcers | K25-K27 | CA2; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Thyroid cancer diagnosis | C73 | TSHR; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | F90 | ADRA2A; |
| W85-W99: Exposure to electric current, radiation and extreme ambient air temperature and pressure | Diagnostic test to differentiate primary and secondary hypothyroidism | W88 | TSHR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Cancer | C00-C96 | HIF1A; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Open-angle glaucoma | H40-H42 | CA2; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Lymphoma | C81-C86 | HIF1A; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Pain | G64, G90.0, R52, G89 | ADRA2A; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Insomnia | F51.0, G47.0 | CA2; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | High blood pressure | I10-I16 | CA2; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Thyroid cancer | C73 | TSHR; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Pulmonary arterial hypertension | I27.0, I27.2 | HIF1A; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Spinal muscular atrophy | G00-G99 | SMN1;SMN2; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Solid tumours | C00-D48 | HIF1A; |
>> Profiles of ingredients and activity landscape
>> Targets derived from weak experimental activities
