Plant Name: Atropa belladonna
Taxonomic Information:
Plant ID: NPO25993
Plant Latin Name: Atropa belladonna
Taxonomy Genus: Atropa
Taxonomy Family: Solanaceae
Plant External Links:
NCBI TaxonomyDB:
33113
Plant-of-the-World-Online:
n.a.
Used in Medicines:
Country/Region:
Romania; Indonesia; India; United States; China; BulgariaTraditional Medicine System:
Unani; TCM; Homeopathy; Ayurveda; SiddhaGeographical Distribution:
Romania; Indonesia; India; United States; China; Bulgaria
Example Image
Geographical Distribution
See the Plant Occurrence Worldwide with Latitude and Longitude Available
Collective Molecular Activities of the Plant
List of Human Proteins Collectively Targeted by the Plant
Click Gene ID to Access Activity Profile of Individual Target
| ADRA2C; ADRA2A; ADRA2B; CHRM1; CHRM2; CHRM3; CHRM5; | |
| CA12; CA9; | |
| LMNA; |
List of Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Affected by the Plant
Click Gene ID to Access Activity Profile of Individual Enzyme
| Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: | CYP2D6; |
|---|
Detailed Information of Target Proteins
| Protein Class | Gene ID | Protein Name | Uniprot ID | Target ChEMBL ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytochrome P450 family 2 | CYP2D6 | Cytochrome P450 2D6 | P10635 | CHEMBL289 |
| Lyase | CA12 | Carbonic anhydrase XII | O43570 | CHEMBL3242 |
| Lyase | CA9 | Carbonic anhydrase IX | Q16790 | CHEMBL3594 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | ADRA2C | Alpha-2c adrenergic receptor | P18825 | CHEMBL1916 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | ADRA2A | Alpha-2a adrenergic receptor | P08913 | CHEMBL1867 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | ADRA2B | Alpha-2b adrenergic receptor | P18089 | CHEMBL1942 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | CHRM1 | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 | P11229 | CHEMBL216 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | CHRM2 | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 | P08172 | CHEMBL211 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | CHRM3 | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 | P20309 | CHEMBL245 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | CHRM5 | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 | P08912 | CHEMBL2035 |
| Unclassified | LMNA | Prelamin-A/C | P02545 | CHEMBL1293235 |
Enrichment of Gene Ontology of Target Proteins (Activity≤1μM)
Detailed Information of Enriched Gene Ontolgy
| GO Type | GO Category | Enriched GO Terms | p-Value | Adjusted p-Value | Enriched Genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP | GO:0050896; response to stimulus | GO:0007197; adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway | 2.845E-13 | 2.065E-09 | CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM5 |
| MF | GO:0060089; molecular transducer activity | GO:0016907; G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity | 2.845E-13 | 2.065E-09 | CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM5 |
| BP | GO:0050896; response to stimulus | GO:0007207; phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway | 8.532E-13 | 3.096E-09 | CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM5 |
| MF | GO:0060089; molecular transducer activity | GO:0004938; alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity | 1.374E-10 | 2.493E-07 | ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C |
| BP | GO:0065007; biological regulation | GO:0035625; epidermal growth factor-activated receptor transactivation by G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | 5.494E-10 | 6.646E-07 | ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C |
| BP | GO:0009987; cellular process | GO:0032811; negative regulation of epinephrine secretion | 5.494E-10 | 6.646E-07 | ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C |
| BP | GO:0023052; signaling | GO:0007271; synaptic transmission, cholinergic | 9.921E-10 | 1.080E-06 | CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM5 |
| BP | GO:0009987; cellular process | GO:0010700; negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion | 7.682E-09 | 5.227E-06 | ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C |
| MF | GO:0005488; binding | GO:0051379; epinephrine binding | 7.682E-09 | 5.227E-06 | ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C |
| BP | Unclassified; | GO:0003056; regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction | 1.152E-08 | 7.601E-06 | ADRA2B, CHRM1, CHRM3 |
| CC | GO:0044456; synapse part | GO:0043679; axon terminus | 1.912E-08 | 1.190E-05 | ADRA2C, CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3 |
| BP | GO:0009987; cellular process | GO:0071880; adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | 1.558E-07 | 7.539E-05 | ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C |
| MF | GO:0003824; catalytic activity | GO:0004435; phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity | 3.989E-07 | 1.773E-04 | CHRM1, CHRM3, CHRM5 |
| BP | GO:0065007; biological regulation | GO:0032148; activation of protein kinase B activity | 8.143E-07 | 3.283E-04 | ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C |
| CC | GO:0044425; membrane part | GO:0005887; integral component of plasma membrane | 2.752E-06 | 9.079E-04 | ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C, CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM5 |
| BP | GO:0032501; multicellular organismal process | GO:0046541; saliva secretion | 2.946E-06 | 9.573E-04 | CHRM1, CHRM3 |
| CC | GO:0044456; synapse part | GO:0045211; postsynaptic membrane | 4.301E-06 | 1.338E-03 | CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM5 |
| MF | Unclassified; | GO:0004872; receptor activity | 5.342E-06 | 1.620E-03 | ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C, CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM5 |
| CC | GO:0045202; synapse | GO:0032279; asymmetric synapse | 8.240E-06 | 2.361E-03 | CHRM2, CHRM3 |
| BP | GO:0009987; cellular process | GO:0030168; platelet activation | 2.868E-05 | 6.505E-03 | ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C |
| MF | GO:0003824; catalytic activity | GO:0004089; carbonate dehydratase activity | 3.083E-05 | 6.922E-03 | CA12, CA9 |
| MF | GO:0005488; binding | GO:0031690; adrenergic receptor binding | 4.489E-05 | 9.774E-03 | ADRA2A, ADRA2C |
Enriched KEGG Pathways of Target Proteins (Activity≤1μM)
Top 10 KEGG Pathways (ordered by adjusted p-value)
Detailed Information of Enriched KEGG Pathways
| Pathway Category Top Level | Pathway Category Second Level | Pathway ID | Pathway Name | p-Value | Adjusted p-Value | Enriched Genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 09130 Environmental Information Processing | 09133 Signaling molecules and interaction | hsa04080 | Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | 2.853E-11 | 5.706E-10 | CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM1, CHRM5, ADRA2C, ADRA2B, ADRA2A |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09156 Nervous system | hsa04725 | Cholinergic synapse | 2.878E-07 | 2.878E-06 | CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM1, CHRM5 |
| 09130 Environmental Information Processing | 09132 Signal transduction | hsa04020 | Calcium signaling pathway | 1.993E-06 | 1.329E-05 | CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM1, CHRM5 |
| 09140 Cellular Processes | 09142 Cell motility | hsa04810 | Regulation of actin cytoskeleton | 3.966E-06 | 1.983E-05 | CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM1, CHRM5 |
| 09130 Environmental Information Processing | 09132 Signal transduction | hsa04022 | cGMP-PKG signaling pathway | 8.982E-05 | 2.994E-04 | ADRA2C, ADRA2B, ADRA2A |
| 09100 Metabolism | 09102 Energy metabolism | hsa00910 | Nitrogen metabolism | 3.723E-05 | 1.489E-04 | CA12, CA9 |
Human Diseases Associated with the Target Proteins of the Plant
Detailed Information of Human Diseases
| ICD10 Disease Category | Disease Name | ICD10 Code | Associated Disease Targets (Association Ref: TTD database) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Hypertension | I10-I16 | ADRA2C; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Alcohol use disorders | F10.2 | ADRA2B; ADRA2C; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Overactive bladder disorder | C67, N32.81 | CHRM1; CHRM3; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Overactive bladder | N32.81 | CHRM3; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Dysmenorrhea | N94.4-N94.6 | CHRM5; |
| A00-B99: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | Irritable bowel syndrome | A09, K58, K59.1 | CHRM1; CHRM5; |
| K00-K95: Diseases of the digestive system | Peptic ulcer | K25-K27 | ADRA2C; CHRM1; CHRM2; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Parkinson's disease | G20 | CHRM1; CHRM2; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Insomnia | F51.0, G47.0 | CYP2D6; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Myasthenia gravis | G70.0 | CHRM5; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Asthma | J45 | ADRA2C; CHRM2; |
| R00-R99: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | Visceral spasms | R25.2 | CHRM1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Breast cancer | C50 | CA9; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Brain diseases | G00-G99 | CHRM5; |
| R00-R99: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | Nausea | R11 | CHRM2; |
| NA: NA | Abdominal stomach pain | NA | CHRM1; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Respiratory disease | J00-J99 | CHRM3; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Renal cancer | C64 | CA9; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Obesity | E66 | ADRA2C; |
| NA: NA | Addiction | NA | CHRM2; |
| L00-L99: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | Seborrhea | L21 | CHRM3; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Schizophrenia | F20 | CHRM1; CHRM5; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Cognitive disorders | F01-F07, F04, F05, R41.3 | CHRM1; CHRM5; |
| NA: NA | Schizoaffective disorders | NA | CHRM1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Cancer | C00-C96 | CA9; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Fibromyalgia | M79.7 | ADRA2C; |
| NA: NA | Functional bowel syndrome | NA | CHRM1; |
| NA: NA | Spasms | NA | CHRM3; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Cardiovascular disorder | I00-I99 | CHRM2; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Neurological disease | I21, I22, R52, R52.1-R52.2, R60.9, G89 | ADRA2C; CHRM1; CHRM5; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Neuropathic pain | G64, G90.0 | ADRA2B; CHRM1; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Sjogren's syndrome | M35.0 | CHRM3; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Central and peripheral nervous diseases | G96.9 | CHRM5; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Hypotension | I95 | ADRA2C; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Diabetic nephropathy | E11.21 | ADRA2C; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Solid tumours | C00-D48 | CA9; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Male sexual disorders | F52 | ADRA2C; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | J40-J44, J47 | CHRM1; CHRM3; CHRM5; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Pain | G64, G90.0, R52, G89 | ADRA2A; ADRA2C; CHRM3; |
| K00-K95: Diseases of the digestive system | Colitis | K50-K52 | CHRM5; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Depression | F30-F39 | ADRA2C; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Urinary incontinence | N39.3, N39.4, R32 | CHRM1; CHRM2; CHRM3; CHRM5; |
| NA: NA | Dystonia | NA | CHRM1; |
| NA: NA | Extrapyramidal disorders secondary to neuroleptic drug therapy | NA | CHRM1; |
| NA: NA | Excessive sweating | NA | CHRM1; |
| S00-T88: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes | Contusion | S36.220S | ADRA2C; |
| L00-L99: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | Erythema | L51-L54 | ADRA2C; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Clear cell renal cell carcinoma | C64 | CA9; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Dementia | F01-F07 | CHRM1; |
| S00-T88: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes | Poison intoxication | T36-T50 | ADRA2C; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Migraine | G43 | CYP2D6; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Sexual dysfunction | F52 | ADRA2A; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | F90 | ADRA2A; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Heart failure | I50 | ADRA2C; CHRM2; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Stabilize muscle contractions | M00-M99 | CHRM2; |
| K00-K95: Diseases of the digestive system | Stomach ulcer | K25-K27 | CHRM1; CHRM5; |
| R00-R99: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | Postoperative nausea and vomiting | R11 | CHRM3; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Lymphoma | C81-C86 | CA9; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Glaucoma | H40-H42 | ADRA2C; CHRM1; CHRM3; |
| R00-R99: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | Anesthesia | R20.0 | CHRM1; |
| W85-W99: Exposure to electric current, radiation and extreme ambient air temperature and pressure | Diagnosing bronchial hyperreactivity | W88 | CHRM3; |
| A00-B99: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | Malaria | B54 | CYP2D6; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Allergic rhinitis | J00, J30, J31.0, T78.4 | ADRA2C; CHRM5; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Alzheimer disease | G30 | ADRA2C; CHRM1; CHRM2; CHRM3; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Amnesia | F04 | CHRM5; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Ocular disease | H00-H59 | ADRA2C; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Ocular hypertension | H40.0 | ADRA2C; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Obstructive lung diseases | J40-J44, J47 | CHRM3; |
>> Profiles of ingredients and activity landscape
>> Collective molecular activities profile at 10μM cutoff
>> Targets derived from weak experimental activities
