Plant Name: Astragalus membranaceus
Taxonomic Information:
Plant ID: NPO24846
Plant Latin Name: Astragalus membranaceus
Taxonomy Genus: Astragalus
Taxonomy Family: Fabaceae
Plant External Links:
NCBI TaxonomyDB:
649199
Plant-of-the-World-Online:
478611-1
Used in Medicines:
Country/Region:
South Korea; ChinaTraditional Medicine System:
TCM; KampoMedicinal Functions:
Adaptogen; Antibacterial; Cancer; Cardiotonic; Diuretic; Febrifuge; Hypoglycaemic; Hypotensive; Pectoral; Tonic; Uterine tonic; Vasodilator
Geographical Distribution:
South Africa; Mongolia; China; Japan; South Korea; Kazakhstan; Russia
Example Image
Geographical Distribution
See the Plant Occurrence Worldwide with Latitude and Longitude Available
Collective Molecular Activities of the Plant
List of Human Proteins Collectively Targeted by the Plant
Click Gene ID to Access Activity Profile of Individual Target
| ADORA3; ADORA2A; ADORA1; FFAR1; FFAR4; | |
| ACHE; | |
| TDP1; BLM; ADK; HSD17B1; AKR1B1; ALOX15; | |
| CSNK2A1; | |
| CA2; CA12; CA7; CA4; | |
| ESR2; | |
| HIF1A; | |
| LMNA; FABP3; THPO; |
List of Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Affected by the Plant
Click Gene ID to Access Activity Profile of Individual Enzyme
Detailed Information of Target Proteins
| Protein Class | Gene ID | Protein Name | Uniprot ID | Target ChEMBL ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytochrome P450 family 1 | CYP1A2 | Cytochrome P450 1A2 | P05177 | CHEMBL3356 |
| Cytochrome P450 family 1 | CYP1B1 | Cytochrome P450 1B1 | Q16678 | CHEMBL4878 |
| Cytochrome P450 family 1 | CYP1A1 | Cytochrome P450 1A1 | P04798 | CHEMBL2231 |
| Cytochrome P450 family 19 | CYP19A1 | Cytochrome P450 19A1 | P11511 | CHEMBL1978 |
| Cytochrome P450 family 2 | CYP2C9 | Cytochrome P450 2C9 | P11712 | CHEMBL3397 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | TDP1 | Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 | Q9NUW8 | CHEMBL1075138 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | BLM | Bloom syndrome protein | P54132 | CHEMBL1293237 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | ADK | Adenosine kinase | P55263 | CHEMBL3589 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | HSD17B1 | Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 1 | P14061 | CHEMBL3181 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | AKR1B1 | Aldose reductase | P15121 | CHEMBL1900 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | ALOX15 | Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase | P16050 | CHEMBL2903 |
| Hydrolase | ACHE | Acetylcholinesterase | P22303 | CHEMBL220 |
| Lyase | CA2 | Carbonic anhydrase II | P00918 | CHEMBL205 |
| Lyase | CA12 | Carbonic anhydrase XII | O43570 | CHEMBL3242 |
| Lyase | CA7 | Carbonic anhydrase VII | P43166 | CHEMBL2326 |
| Lyase | CA4 | Carbonic anhydrase IV | P22748 | CHEMBL3729 |
| Nuclear hormone receptor subfamily 3 group A | ESR2 | Estrogen receptor beta | Q92731 | CHEMBL242 |
| Protein Kinase | CSNK2A1 | Casein kinase II alpha | P68400 | CHEMBL3629 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | ADORA3 | Adenosine A3 receptor | P0DMS8 | CHEMBL256 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | ADORA2A | Adenosine A2a receptor | P29274 | CHEMBL251 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | ADORA1 | Adenosine A1 receptor | P30542 | CHEMBL226 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | FFAR1 | Free fatty acid receptor 1 | O14842 | CHEMBL4422 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | FFAR4 | G-protein coupled receptor 120 | Q5NUL3 | CHEMBL5339 |
| Transcription Factor | HIF1A | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha | Q16665 | CHEMBL4261 |
| Unclassified | LMNA | Prelamin-A/C | P02545 | CHEMBL1293235 |
| Unclassified | FABP3 | Fatty acid binding protein muscle | P05413 | CHEMBL3344 |
| Unclassified | THPO | Thrombopoietin | P40225 | CHEMBL1293256 |
Enrichment of Gene Ontology of Target Proteins (Activity≤1μM)
Detailed Information of Enriched Gene Ontolgy
| GO Type | GO Category | Enriched GO Terms | p-Value | Adjusted p-Value | Enriched Genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0097267; omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway | 6.320E-10 | 6.880E-06 | CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2C9 |
| MF | GO:0003824; catalytic activity | GO:0004089; carbonate dehydratase activity | 4.088E-09 | 1.846E-05 | CA12, CA2, CA4, CA7 |
| MF | GO:0005488; binding | GO:0019825; oxygen binding | 4.240E-09 | 1.846E-05 | CYP19A1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2C9 |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0019373; epoxygenase P450 pathway | 1.782E-08 | 4.851E-05 | CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2C9 |
| MF | GO:0003824; catalytic activity | GO:0070330; aromatase activity | 2.632E-08 | 5.731E-05 | CYP19A1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1 |
| MF | GO:0005488; binding | GO:0005506; iron ion binding | 7.537E-08 | 1.156E-04 | ALOX15, CYP19A1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2C9 |
| MF | GO:0060089; molecular transducer activity | GO:0001609; G-protein coupled adenosine receptor activity | 8.493E-08 | 1.156E-04 | ADORA1, ADORA2A, ADORA3 |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0006730; one-carbon metabolic process | 1.729E-07 | 1.815E-04 | CA12, CA2, CA4, CA7 |
| BP | GO:0009987; cellular process | GO:0001973; adenosine receptor signaling pathway | 2.034E-07 | 1.846E-04 | ADORA1, ADORA2A, ADORA3 |
| BP | GO:0051179; localization | GO:0015701; bicarbonate transport | 3.955E-07 | 2.871E-04 | CA12, CA2, CA4, CA7 |
| BP | GO:0023052; signaling | GO:0032230; positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic | 6.901E-07 | 4.847E-04 | ADORA2A, CA2, CA7 |
| MF | GO:0005488; binding | GO:0020037; heme binding | 8.484E-07 | 5.433E-04 | CYP19A1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2C9 |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0009404; toxin metabolic process | 4.234E-06 | 2.004E-03 | CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1 |
| BP | GO:0009987; cellular process | GO:0032849; positive regulation of cellular pH reduction | 5.640E-06 | 2.274E-03 | CA2, CA7 |
| CC | GO:0044464; cell part | GO:0099056; integral component of presynaptic membrane | 5.640E-06 | 2.274E-03 | ADORA1, ADORA2A |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0017144; drug metabolic process | 6.050E-06 | 2.395E-03 | ACHE, ADK, AKR1B1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2C9 |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0008610; lipid biosynthetic process | 8.188E-06 | 3.128E-03 | ACHE, AKR1B1, ALOX15, CSNK2A1, CYP19A1, CYP1A1, HSD17B1 |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0018894; dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process | 1.127E-05 | 3.895E-03 | CYP1A1, CYP1A2 |
| MF | GO:0003824; catalytic activity | GO:0034875; caffeine oxidase activity | 1.127E-05 | 3.895E-03 | CYP1A2, CYP2C9 |
| MF | GO:0003824; catalytic activity | GO:0008395; steroid hydroxylase activity | 1.416E-05 | 4.671E-03 | CYP19A1, CYP1A1, CYP2C9 |
| BP | GO:0050896; response to stimulus | GO:0050728; negative regulation of inflammatory response | 1.882E-05 | 5.961E-03 | ADORA1, ADORA2A, CYP19A1, FFAR4 |
| BP | GO:0023052; signaling | GO:0046887; positive regulation of hormone secretion | 2.614E-05 | 7.691E-03 | ADORA2A, CYP19A1, FFAR1, HIF1A |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0016098; monoterpenoid metabolic process | 2.813E-05 | 7.944E-03 | CYP1A2, CYP2C9 |
| BP | GO:0032502; developmental process | GO:0048856; anatomical structure development | 2.840E-05 | 7.944E-03 | ACHE, ADORA1, ADORA2A, AKR1B1, ALOX15, CA2, CSNK2A1, CYP19A1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, HIF1A, LMNA, THPO |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0016042; lipid catabolic process | 3.227E-05 | 8.674E-03 | ADORA1, CYP19A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, FABP3 |
Enriched KEGG Pathways of Target Proteins (Activity≤1μM)
Top 10 KEGG Pathways (ordered by adjusted p-value)
Detailed Information of Enriched KEGG Pathways
| Pathway Category Top Level | Pathway Category Second Level | Pathway ID | Pathway Name | p-Value | Adjusted p-Value | Enriched Genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 09100 Metabolism | 09103 Lipid metabolism | hsa00140 | Steroid hormone biosynthesis | 1.322E-08 | 4.429E-07 | HSD17B1, CYP1A2, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP19A1 |
| 09100 Metabolism | 09102 Energy metabolism | hsa00910 | Nitrogen metabolism | 6.193E-09 | 4.149E-07 | CA12, CA2, CA4, CA7 |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09152 Endocrine system | hsa04913 | Ovarian steroidogenesis | 5.813E-07 | 1.298E-05 | HSD17B1, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP19A1 |
| 09100 Metabolism | 09111 Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism | hsa00980 | Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 | 2.690E-06 | 4.505E-05 | CYP2C9, CYP1A2, CYP1A1, CYP1B1 |
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09161 Cancers | hsa05204 | Chemical carcinogenesis | 4.287E-06 | 5.744E-05 | CYP2C9, CYP1A2, CYP1A1, CYP1B1 |
| 09100 Metabolism | 09105 Amino acid metabolism | hsa00380 | Tryptophan metabolism | 2.097E-05 | 2.007E-04 | CYP1A2, CYP1A1, CYP1B1 |
| 09100 Metabolism | 09103 Lipid metabolism | hsa00591 | Linoleic acid metabolism | 7.832E-06 | 8.745E-05 | CYP2C9, CYP1A2, ALOX15 |
| Unclassified | Unclassified | hsa01100 | Metabolic pathways | 1.630E-04 | 1.213E-03 | CYP2C9, HSD17B1, CYP1A2, ALOX15, CYP1A1, ADK, AKR1B1, CYP19A1 |
| 09100 Metabolism | 09108 Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins | hsa00830 | Retinol metabolism | 9.064E-05 | 7.591E-04 | CYP2C9, CYP1A2, CYP1A1 |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09155 Excretory system | hsa04964 | Proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation | 4.363E-04 | 2.923E-03 | CA2, CA4 |
Human Diseases Associated with the Target Proteins of the Plant
Detailed Information of Human Diseases
| ICD10 Disease Category | Disease Name | ICD10 Code | Associated Disease Targets (Association Ref: TTD database) |
|---|---|---|---|
| A00-B99: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | Sepsis | A40, A41 | ADORA1; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Acute and chronic heart failure | I50 | ADORA1; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Alzheimer disease | G30 | ACHE; |
| S00-T88: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes | Poison intoxication | T36-T50 | ACHE; |
| S00-T88: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes | Poisoning due to pesticides and chemicals | T36-T50 | ACHE; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Ocular hypertension | H40.0 | CA4; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Rheumatoid arthritis | M05-M06 | AKR1B1; |
| A00-B99: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | Bacterial infections | A00-B99 | CYP2C9; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Bladder cancer | C67 | CYP19A1; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Coronary disorder diagnosis | I20-I25 | ADORA2A; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Advanced breast cancer | C50 | CYP19A1; |
| R00-R99: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | Fatigue | R53 | ADORA1; |
| R00-R99: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | Convulsions | R56.0 | ADK; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Allergic rhinitis | J00, J30, J31.0, T78.4 | ADORA2A; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Pulmonary arterial hypertension | I27.0, I27.2 | HIF1A; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Hormonally-responsive breast cancer | C50 | CYP19A1; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | High blood pressure | I10-I16 | CA2; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Prostate disease | N42.9 | CYP19A1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Type 2 diabetes | E11 | FFAR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Renal failure | N17, N18, N19 | ADORA1; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Cerebrovascular ischaemia | I61-I63 | ADORA3; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Urinary dysfunction | N39.3-N39.4 | ACHE; |
| NA: NA | Upper abdominal bloating | NA | ACHE; |
| W85-W99: Exposure to electric current, radiation and extreme ambient air temperature and pressure | Radionuclide imaging | W88 | ADORA2A; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Cardiac disease | I00-I99 | ADORA1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Hypertriglyceridemia | E78.1, E78.2, E78.3, I47-I49 | ADORA1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Hyperlipidaemia | E78 | ADORA1; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Asthma | J45 | ADORA1; ADORA2A; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Arteriosclerosis | I70 | ADORA2A; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Chronic glaucoma | H40-H42 | ACHE; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Breast cancer | C50 | CYP19A1; |
| A00-B99: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | Helminth infection | A00-B99 | ACHE; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Hepatocellular carcinoma | C22.0 | ADORA3; |
| NA: NA | Hepatitis C virus infection | NA | ADORA3; |
| K00-K95: Diseases of the digestive system | Xerostomia | K11.7, R68.2 | ACHE; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Multiple scierosis | G35 | ADORA1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Lymphoma | C81-C86 | HIF1A; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Diabetes | E23.2, N25.1 | ADORA1; AKR1B1; FFAR1; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Hypertension | I10-I16 | ADORA1; ADORA2A; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Heart failure | I50 | ADORA1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Head and neck cancer | C07-C14, C32-C33 | AKR1B1; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | J40-J44, J47 | ADORA2A; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Neuropathic pain | G64, G90.0 | ADORA1; ADORA2A; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Ischemia | I99.8 | ADORA3; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Cancer | C00-C96 | CSNK2A1; ACHE; HIF1A; ADORA3; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Myasthenia gravis | G70.0 | ACHE; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Inflammation | E08-E13, E10.2, E11, E11.2, E13.2, I73.9, I80-I82, N00-N29, G89 | ADORA3; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Insomnia | F51.0, G47.0 | CA2; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Gout | M10 | AKR1B1; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Glaucoma | H40-H42 | ACHE; ADORA1; ADORA2A; ADORA3; AKR1B1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Diabetic neuropathy | E11.40 | AKR1B1; |
| L00-L99: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | Diabetic foot ulcer | L88-L89 | ADORA2A; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Diabetic complication | E08-E13 | AKR1B1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Diabetic cataract | E10.36, E11.36 | AKR1B1; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Cardiac arrhythmias | I47-I49 | ADORA1; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Myasthenia gravis diagnosis | G70.0 | ACHE; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Mild cognitive impairment | F06.7 | ACHE; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Endometriosis | N80 | CYP19A1; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Edema associated with congestive heart failure | I50, R60.9 | CA2; |
| NA: NA | Edema | NA | CA2; |
| K00-K95: Diseases of the digestive system | Duodenal ulcers | K25-K27 | CA2; |
| NA: NA | Early satiation associated with functional dyspepsia | NA | ACHE; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Solid tumours | C00-D48 | HIF1A; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Neurodegenerative disease | G30-G32 | ACHE; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Non-insulin dependent diabetes | E11.9 | FFAR1; |
| A00-B99: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | Malaria | B54 | ADORA3; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Cognitive disorders | F01-F07, F04, F05, R41.3 | ACHE; ADORA1; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Epileptic seizures | G40, P90, R56 | ACHE; ADK; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Epilepsy | G40 | ADK; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Atrial fibrillation | E78, I48 | ADORA1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Autoimmune diabetes | E08-E13 | ADORA1; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Open-angle glaucoma | H40-H42 | CA4; ACHE; CA2; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Orthostatic hypotension | I95.1 | ADORA1; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Anxiety disorder | F32, F40-F42 | ACHE; |
| S00-T88: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes | Allergy | T78.4 | ADORA1; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Parkinson's disease | G20 | ACHE; ADORA1; ADORA2A; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Pain | G64, G90.0, R52, G89 | ACHE; ADORA2A; ADK; |
| A00-B99: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | Pediculus humanus capitis | B85.0 | ACHE; |
>> Profiles of ingredients and activity landscape
>> Collective molecular activities profile at 10μM cutoff
>> Targets derived from weak experimental activities
