Plant Name: Trifolium pratense
Taxonomic Information:
Plant ID: NPO22104
Plant Latin Name: Trifolium pratense
Taxonomy Genus: Trifolium
Taxonomy Family: Fabaceae
Plant External Links:
NCBI TaxonomyDB:
57577
Plant-of-the-World-Online:
n.a.
Used in Medicines:
Country/Region:
Turkey; Albania; Italy; India; Sweden; China; RussiaTraditional Medicine System:
Indian Folk; TCM; HomeopathyMedicinal Functions:
Alterative; Antipsoriatic; Antiscrophulatic; Antispasmodic; Aperient; Cancer; Detergent; Diuretic; Expectorant; Miscellany; Sedative; Skin; Tonic
Geographical Distribution:
Turkey; Albania; Italy; India; Sweden; China; Russia
Example Image
Geographical Distribution
See the Plant Occurrence Worldwide with Latitude and Longitude Available
Collective Molecular Activities of the Plant
List of Human Proteins Collectively Targeted by the Plant
Click Gene ID to Access Activity Profile of Individual Target
| TSHR; | |
| TDP1; BLM; CDA; TK1; NQO1; TNKS; TNKS2; AOX1; | |
| EGFR; | |
| CA2; CA12; CA9; CA14; CA7; CA4; | |
| ESR1; ESR2; | |
| ESRRB; ESRRA; | |
| ALDH2; | |
| LMNA; MAPT; |
List of Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Affected by the Plant
Click Gene ID to Access Activity Profile of Individual Enzyme
Detailed Information of Target Proteins
| Protein Class | Gene ID | Protein Name | Uniprot ID | Target ChEMBL ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytochrome P450 family 1 | CYP1B1 | Cytochrome P450 1B1 | Q16678 | CHEMBL4878 |
| Cytochrome P450 family 1 | CYP1A1 | Cytochrome P450 1A1 | P04798 | CHEMBL2231 |
| Cytochrome P450 family 2 | CYP2C9 | Cytochrome P450 2C9 | P11712 | CHEMBL3397 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | TDP1 | Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 | Q9NUW8 | CHEMBL1075138 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | BLM | Bloom syndrome protein | P54132 | CHEMBL1293237 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | CDA | Cytidine deaminase | P32320 | CHEMBL4502 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | TK1 | Thymidine kinase, cytosolic | P04183 | CHEMBL2883 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | NQO1 | Quinone reductase 1) | P15559 | CHEMBL3623 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | TNKS | Tankyrase-1 | O95271 | CHEMBL6164 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | TNKS2 | Tankyrase-2 | Q9H2K2 | CHEMBL6154 |
| Enzyme_unclassified | AOX1 | Aldehyde oxidase | Q06278 | CHEMBL3257 |
| Lyase | CA2 | Carbonic anhydrase II | P00918 | CHEMBL205 |
| Lyase | CA12 | Carbonic anhydrase XII | O43570 | CHEMBL3242 |
| Lyase | CA9 | Carbonic anhydrase IX | Q16790 | CHEMBL3594 |
| Lyase | CA14 | Carbonic anhydrase XIV | Q9ULX7 | CHEMBL3510 |
| Lyase | CA7 | Carbonic anhydrase VII | P43166 | CHEMBL2326 |
| Lyase | CA4 | Carbonic anhydrase IV | P22748 | CHEMBL3729 |
| Nuclear hormone receptor subfamily 3 group A | ESR1 | Estrogen receptor alpha | P03372 | CHEMBL206 |
| Nuclear hormone receptor subfamily 3 group A | ESR2 | Estrogen receptor beta | Q92731 | CHEMBL242 |
| Nuclear hormone receptor subfamily 3 group B | ESRRB | Estrogen-related receptor beta | O95718 | CHEMBL3751 |
| Nuclear hormone receptor subfamily 3 group B | ESRRA | Estrogen-related receptor alpha | P11474 | CHEMBL3429 |
| Oxidoreductase | ALDH2 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase | P05091 | CHEMBL1935 |
| Peptide receptor (family A GPCR) | TSHR | Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | P16473 | CHEMBL1963 |
| Protein Kinase | EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor erbB1 | P00533 | CHEMBL203 |
| Unclassified | LMNA | Prelamin-A/C | P02545 | CHEMBL1293235 |
| Unclassified | MAPT | Microtubule-associated protein tau | P10636 | CHEMBL1293224 |
Enrichment of Gene Ontology of Target Proteins (Activity≤1μM)
Detailed Information of Enriched Gene Ontolgy
| GO Type | GO Category | Enriched GO Terms | p-Value | Adjusted p-Value | Enriched Genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MF | GO:0003824; catalytic activity | GO:0004089; carbonate dehydratase activity | 1.586E-14 | 1.727E-10 | CA12, CA14, CA2, CA4, CA7, CA9 |
| MF | GO:0005488; binding | GO:0008270; zinc ion binding | 7.410E-12 | 5.379E-08 | BLM, CA12, CA2, CA4, CA7, CA9, CDA, ESR1, ESR2, ESRRA, ESRRB, TK1, TNKS |
| BP | GO:0051179; localization | GO:0015701; bicarbonate transport | 2.180E-11 | 1.187E-07 | CA12, CA14, CA2, CA4, CA7, CA9 |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0006730; one-carbon metabolic process | 1.077E-09 | 3.349E-06 | CA12, CA2, CA4, CA7, CA9 |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0097267; omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway | 2.582E-07 | 4.685E-04 | CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2C9 |
| MF | GO:0060089; molecular transducer activity | GO:0038052; RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, estrogen-activated sequence-specific DNA binding | 1.742E-06 | 2.232E-03 | ESR1, ESR2 |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0019373; epoxygenase P450 pathway | 2.833E-06 | 3.167E-03 | CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2C9 |
| CC | GO:0016020; membrane | GO:0016323; basolateral plasma membrane | 4.379E-06 | 4.334E-03 | CA2, CA4, CA9, EGFR, TSHR |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0017144; drug metabolic process | 4.589E-06 | 4.345E-03 | ALDH2, AOX1, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2C9, EGFR, NQO1 |
| BP | GO:0009987; cellular process | GO:0032849; positive regulation of cellular pH reduction | 5.222E-06 | 4.549E-03 | CA2, CA7 |
| MF | GO:0005488; binding | GO:0005496; steroid binding | 5.080E-06 | 4.549E-03 | ESR1, ESR2, ESRRA, ESRRB |
| BP | GO:0008152; metabolic process | GO:0070213; protein auto-ADP-ribosylation | 1.044E-05 | 7.640E-03 | TNKS, TNKS2 |
| MF | GO:0005488; binding | GO:0034056; estrogen response element binding | 1.044E-05 | 7.640E-03 | ESR1, ESR2 |
Enriched KEGG Pathways of Target Proteins (Activity≤1μM)
Top 10 KEGG Pathways (ordered by adjusted p-value)
Detailed Information of Enriched KEGG Pathways
| Pathway Category Top Level | Pathway Category Second Level | Pathway ID | Pathway Name | p-Value | Adjusted p-Value | Enriched Genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 09100 Metabolism | 09102 Energy metabolism | hsa00910 | Nitrogen metabolism | 3.178E-14 | 2.669E-12 | CA12, CA2, CA4, CA7, CA9, CA14 |
| 09100 Metabolism | 09105 Amino acid metabolism | hsa00380 | Tryptophan metabolism | 1.986E-07 | 8.341E-06 | ALDH2, CYP1A1, AOX1, CYP1B1 |
| 09100 Metabolism | 09108 Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins | hsa00830 | Retinol metabolism | 8.075E-05 | 2.261E-03 | CYP2C9, CYP1A1, AOX1 |
| 09100 Metabolism | 09111 Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism | hsa00980 | Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 | 1.142E-04 | 2.398E-03 | CYP2C9, CYP1A1, CYP1B1 |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09152 Endocrine system | hsa04915 | Estrogen signaling pathway | 2.816E-04 | 3.942E-03 | ESR1, EGFR, ESR2 |
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09161 Cancers | hsa05204 | Chemical carcinogenesis | 1.613E-04 | 2.711E-03 | CYP2C9, CYP1A1, CYP1B1 |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09155 Excretory system | hsa04964 | Proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation | 4.043E-04 | 4.852E-03 | CA2, CA4 |
Human Diseases Associated with the Target Proteins of the Plant
Detailed Information of Human Diseases
| ICD10 Disease Category | Disease Name | ICD10 Code | Associated Disease Targets (Association Ref: TTD database) |
|---|---|---|---|
| S00-T88: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes | Graft-versus-host disease | T86.0 | TK1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Pancreatic cancer | C25 | TK1; EGFR; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Insomnia | F51.0, G47.0 | CA2; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Inflammatory breast cancer | C50 | EGFR; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Non-insulin dependent diabetes | E11.9 | ESRRA; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Non-small cell lung cancer | C33-C34 | EGFR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Non-small-cell lung cancer | NA | EGFR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | C44 | EGFR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Hormone refractory prostate cancer | C61 | ESR1; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | High blood pressure | I10-I16 | CA2; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Esophageal cancer | C15 | EGFR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Gastric cancer | C16 | EGFR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Locally advanced head and neck cancer | C07-C14, C32, C33 | EGFR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Breast cancer | C50 | ESR1; EGFR; CA9; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Infertility | N97.0 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Irregularities | N92.6 | ESR1; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Neurodegenerative disease | G30-G32 | MAPT; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Neurological disease | I21, I22, R52, R52.1-R52.2, R60.9, G89 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Menopause symptoms | N95.0 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Menorrhagia | N92.0 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Dysmenorrhea | N94.4-N94.6 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Dyspareunia | N94.1 | ESR1; |
| K00-K95: Diseases of the digestive system | Duodenal ulcers | K25-K27 | CA2; |
| L00-L99: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | Dermatological disease | L00-L99 | ESRRA; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Multiple scierosis | G35 | ESR1; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Central nervous system disease | G00-G99 | MAPT; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Metastatic colorectal cancer | C18-C21 | EGFR; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Edema associated with congestive heart failure | I50, R60.9 | CA2; |
| S00-T88: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes | Vulnerary | S00-T98 | EGFR; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Hormone deficiency | E00-E90 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Glioblastoma multiforme | C71 | EGFR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Glioma | C71 | EGFR; |
| NA: NA | Gonorrheal vaginitis | NA | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Malignant tumor | C00-C75, C7A, C7B | EGFR; |
| NA: NA | Menopausal disorder | NA | ESR1; |
| K00-K95: Diseases of the digestive system | Gastrointestinal disease | K00-K93 | ESRRA; EGFR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Brain cancer | C71, D33 | ESR1; TK1; EGFR; |
| A00-B99: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | Cryptosporidium infection | A07.2 | EGFR; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Rheumatoid arthritis | M05-M06 | ESRRA; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Vagina disease | N76.0 | ESR1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Hypogonadism | E23.0, E28.3, E29.1 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Bladder cancer | C67 | EGFR; |
| L00-L99: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | Dermatitis | L20-L30 | ESRRA; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Urethral cancer | NA | EGFR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Prostate cancer | C61 | ESR1; TK1; EGFR; |
| L00-L99: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | Diabetic foot ulcer | L88-L89 | EGFR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Clear cell renal cell carcinoma | C64 | CA9; |
| A00-B99: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | Trematode infection | B66.9 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Thyroid cancer diagnosis | C73 | TSHR; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Asthma | J45 | ESRRA; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Arthritis | M00-M25 | ESRRA; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Arthralgia | M25.5 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Carcinoma | D00-D09 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Cancer | C00-C96 | ESR1; TK1; EGFR; CA9; |
| R00-R99: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | Cachexia | R64 | ESRRA; |
| Z00-Z99: Factors influencing health status and contact with health services | Oral contraceptive | Z30 | ESR1; |
| L00-L99: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | Psoriasis | L40 | EGFR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Melanoma | C43 | EGFR; |
| A00-B99: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | Bacterial infections | A00-B99 | CYP2C9; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Atrophic vaginitis | N95.2 | ESR1; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Atrophy | M62.571 | ESR1; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Choroidal neovascularisation | H35 | ESRRA; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Estrogen deficiency | E28.39 | ESR1; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Cerebrovascular ischaemia | I61-I63 | ALDH2; EGFR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Refractory breast cancer | C50 | EGFR; |
| NA: NA | Postmenopausal disorder | NA | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Post-menopausal vaginal atrophy | N95.2 | ESR1; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Cognitive disorders | F01-F07, F04, F05, R41.3 | MAPT; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Renal cancer | C64 | CA9; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Alcohol use disorders | F10.2 | ALDH2; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia | C91 | EGFR; |
| W85-W99: Exposure to electric current, radiation and extreme ambient air temperature and pressure | Diagnostic test to differentiate primary and secondary hypothyroidism | W88 | TSHR; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Allergic rhinitis | J00, J30, J31.0, T78.4 | ESRRA; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Schizophrenia | F20 | ESRRA; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Head and neck cancer | C07-C14, C32-C33 | EGFR; |
| Q00-Q99: Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities | Osteopetrosis | Q78.2 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Solid tumours | C00-D48 | TK1; EGFR; CDA; CA9; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Ocular hypertension | H40.0 | CA4; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Open-angle glaucoma | H40-H42 | CA4; CA2; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Substance dependence | F10-F19 | ALDH2; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Osteoporosis | M80-M81, Z79.890 | ESR1; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Pain | G64, G90.0, R52, G89 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Female infertility due to anovulation | N97.0 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Acute myeloid leukemia | C92.0 | TK1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Thyroid cancer | C73 | TSHR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Ovarian cancer | C56 | EGFR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Adrenocortical carcinoma | C74.0 | ESR1; |
| A00-B99: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | Adult varicella zoster virus infection | B02 | TK1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Leukemia | C90-C95 | ESR1; |
| Z00-Z99: Factors influencing health status and contact with health services | Contraception | Z30 | ESR1; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Eye disorders | H00-H59 | ESR1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Female hypogonadism | E23, E28 | ESR1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Hyperlipidaemia | E78 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Advanced cancers | C00-C96 | EGFR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Advanced prostate cancer | C61 | ESR1; |
| NA: NA | Edema | NA | CA2; |
| L00-L99: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | Acne vulgaris | L70.0 | ESR1; ESRRA; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Alzheimer disease | G30 | MAPT; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Autoimmune diabetes | E08-E13 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Lung cancer | C33-C34 | EGFR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Lymphoma | C81-C86 | EGFR; CA9; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Colon cancer | C50 | EGFR; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Colorectal cancer | C18-C21 | EGFR; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Female infertility | N97.0 | ESR1; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Female sexual dysfunction | F52 | ESR1; |
| Z00-Z99: Factors influencing health status and contact with health services | Hormone replacement therapy | Z79.890 | ESR1; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Huntington's disease | F02.2, G10 | NQO1; |
>> Profiles of ingredients and activity landscape
>> Collective molecular activities profile at 10μM cutoff
>> Targets derived from weak experimental activities
