Plant Name: Spinacia oleracea
Taxonomic Information:
Plant ID: NPO14582
Plant Latin Name: Spinacia oleracea
Taxonomy Genus: Spinacia
Taxonomy Family: Chenopodiaceae
Plant External Links:
NCBI TaxonomyDB:
3562
Plant-of-the-World-Online:
n.a.
Used in Medicines:
Country/Region:
Turkey; Jordan; China; IndiaTraditional Medicine System:
Indian Folk; TCM; Unani; Ayurveda; SiddhaMedicinal Functions:
Appetizer; Carminative; Febrifuge; Hypoglycaemic; Laxative
Geographical Distribution:
Turkey; India; Jordan; China
Example Image
Geographical Distribution
See the Plant Occurrence Worldwide with Latitude and Longitude Available
Collective Molecular Activities of the Plant
List of Human Proteins Collectively Targeted by the Plant
Click Gene ID to Access Activity Profile of Individual Target
| HRH3; HRH4; HRH1; HRH2; | |
| ESR1; ESR2; | |
| KDM4E; | |
| HIF1A; | |
| SLCO1B3; SLCO1B1; | |
| GLI1; LMNA; |
List of Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Affected by the Plant
Click Gene ID to Access Activity Profile of Individual Enzyme
| Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: |
|---|
Detailed Information of Target Proteins
| Protein Class | Gene ID | Protein Name | Uniprot ID | Target ChEMBL ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lysine demethylase | KDM4E | Lysine-specific demethylase 4D-like | B2RXH2 | CHEMBL1293226 |
| Nuclear hormone receptor subfamily 3 group A | ESR1 | Estrogen receptor alpha | P03372 | CHEMBL206 |
| Nuclear hormone receptor subfamily 3 group A | ESR2 | Estrogen receptor beta | Q92731 | CHEMBL242 |
| SLC superfamily of solute carriers | SLCO1B3 | Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 | Q9NPD5 | CHEMBL1743121 |
| SLC superfamily of solute carriers | SLCO1B1 | Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 | Q9Y6L6 | CHEMBL1697668 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | HRH3 | Histamine H3 receptor | Q9Y5N1 | CHEMBL264 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | HRH4 | Histamine H4 receptor | Q9H3N8 | CHEMBL3759 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | HRH1 | Histamine H1 receptor | P35367 | CHEMBL231 |
| Small molecule receptor (family A GPCR) | HRH2 | Histamine H2 receptor | P25021 | CHEMBL1941 |
| Transcription Factor | HIF1A | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha | Q16665 | CHEMBL4261 |
| Unclassified | GLI1 | Zinc finger protein GLI1 | P08151 | CHEMBL5461 |
| Unclassified | LMNA | Prelamin-A/C | P02545 | CHEMBL1293235 |
Enrichment of Gene Ontology of Target Proteins (Activity≤10μM)
Detailed Information of Enriched Gene Ontolgy
| GO Type | GO Category | Enriched GO Terms | p-Value | Adjusted p-Value | Enriched Genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MF | GO:0060089; molecular transducer activity | GO:0004969; histamine receptor activity | 1.280E-12 | 2.786E-08 | HRH1, HRH2, HRH3, HRH4 |
| MF | GO:0060089; molecular transducer activity | GO:0038052; RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, estrogen-activated sequence-specific DNA binding | 3.538E-07 | 1.926E-03 | ESR1, ESR2 |
| MF | GO:0005488; binding | GO:0034056; estrogen response element binding | 2.121E-06 | 7.699E-03 | ESR1, ESR2 |
| BP | GO:0007610; behavior | GO:0008542; visual learning | 3.119E-06 | 9.620E-03 | HIF1A, HRH1, HRH2 |
| BP | GO:0032501; multicellular organismal process | GO:0050890; cognition | 1.742E-05 | 3.448E-02 | HIF1A, HRH1, HRH2, HRH3 |
Enriched KEGG Pathways of Target Proteins (Activity≤10μM)
Top 10 KEGG Pathways (ordered by adjusted p-value)
Detailed Information of Enriched KEGG Pathways
| Pathway Category Top Level | Pathway Category Second Level | Pathway ID | Pathway Name | p-Value | Adjusted p-Value | Enriched Genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 09130 Environmental Information Processing | 09133 Signaling molecules and interaction | hsa04080 | Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | 1.633E-05 | 3.756E-04 | HRH1, HRH3, HRH2, HRH4 |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09152 Endocrine system | hsa04917 | Prolactin signaling pathway | 8.241E-04 | 6.318E-03 | ESR1, ESR2 |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09154 Digestive system | hsa04976 | Bile secretion | 8.014E-04 | 6.318E-03 | SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3 |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09152 Endocrine system | hsa04915 | Estrogen signaling pathway | 1.550E-03 | 8.912E-03 | ESR1, ESR2 |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09152 Endocrine system | hsa04919 | Thyroid hormone signaling pathway | 2.192E-03 | 1.008E-02 | ESR1, HIF1A |
| 09130 Environmental Information Processing | 09132 Signal transduction | hsa04020 | Calcium signaling pathway | 5.010E-03 | 1.921E-02 | HRH1, HRH2 |
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09161 Cancers | hsa05205 | Proteoglycans in cancer | 6.328E-03 | 2.079E-02 | HIF1A, ESR1 |
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09161 Cancers | hsa05200 | Pathways in cancer | 2.274E-02 | 6.256E-02 | GLI1, HIF1A |
| 09150 Organismal Systems | 09155 Excretory system | hsa04961 | Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption | 2.785E-02 | 6.256E-02 | ESR1 |
| 09160 Human Diseases | 09161 Cancers | hsa05217 | Basal cell carcinoma | 3.251E-02 | 6.256E-02 | GLI1 |
Human Diseases Associated with the Target Proteins of the Plant
Detailed Information of Human Diseases
| ICD10 Disease Category | Disease Name | ICD10 Code | Associated Disease Targets (Association Ref: TTD database) |
|---|---|---|---|
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Vagina disease | N76.0 | ESR1; |
| L00-L99: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | Pruritus | L29 | HRH1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Prostate cancer | C61 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Brain cancer | C71, D33 | ESR1; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Arthralgia | M25.5 | ESR1; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Asthma | J45 | HRH1; HRH4; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Adrenocortical carcinoma | C74.0 | ESR1; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis | J30 | HRH1; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Hay fever | J30 | HRH1; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Alzheimer disease | G30 | HRH3; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Sleep disorders | F51, G47 | HRH1; HRH3; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Schizophrenia | F20 | HRH3; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Autoimmune diabetes | E08-E13 | ESR1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Eating disorder | E66, F50, I10-I16, I50 | HRH3; |
| S00-T88: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes | Allergy | T78.4 | HRH1; |
| L00-L99: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | Allergic skin disorders | L00-L99 | HRH1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Allergic conjunctivitis | C91.0, H10, H10.45, T78.4 | HRH1; |
| NA: NA | Common cold | NA | HRH1; |
| H60-H95: Diseases of the ear and mastoid process | Vertigo meniere's disease | H81, H81.0, R42 | HRH1; |
| NA: NA | Vomiting | NA | HRH1; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Rheumatoid arthritis | M05-M06 | HRH4; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Rhinitis | J00, J30, J31.0 | HRH1; |
| NA: NA | Allergic disorders | NA | HRH1; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Alcohol use disorders | F10.2 | HRH3; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Multiple scierosis | G35 | ESR1; |
| R00-R99: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | Musculoskeletal pain | R52, G89 | HRH3; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Anxiety disorder | F32, F40-F42 | HRH1; HRH3; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Post-menopausal vaginal atrophy | N95.2 | ESR1; |
| NA: NA | Morning sickness | NA | HRH1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Hypogonadism | E23.0, E28.3, E29.1 | ESR1; |
| R00-R99: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | Anesthesia | R20.0 | HRH1; |
| Q00-Q99: Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities | Osteopetrosis | Q78.2 | ESR1; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Allergic rhinitis | J00, J30, J31.0, T78.4 | HRH1; HRH3; HRH4; |
| NA: NA | Postmenopausal disorder | NA | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Carcinoma | D00-D09 | ESR1; |
| NA: NA | Menopausal disorder | NA | ESR1; |
| R00-R99: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | Dry cough | R05 | HRH1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Advanced prostate cancer | C61 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Female infertility | N97.0 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Female infertility due to anovulation | N97.0 | ESR1; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Female sexual dysfunction | F52 | ESR1; |
| Z00-Z99: Factors influencing health status and contact with health services | Contraception | Z30 | ESR1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Female hypogonadism | E23, E28 | ESR1; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Eye disorders | H00-H59 | ESR1; |
| NA: NA | Vasomotor rhinitis | NA | HRH1; |
| R00-R99: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | Cough | R05 | HRH1; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Mild to moderate alzheimer disease | G30 | HRH3; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Excessive daytime sleepiness | F51.1, G47.1 | HRH3; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Estrogen deficiency | E28.39 | ESR1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Metabolic disorders | E70-E89 | HRH3; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Menorrhagia | N92.0 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Menopause symptoms | N95.0 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Infertility | N97.0 | ESR1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Hormone deficiency | E00-E90 | ESR1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Breast cancer | C50 | ESR1; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Epilepsy | G40 | HRH3; |
| NA: NA | Meniere's disease | NA | HRH1; |
| I00-I99: Diseases of the circulatory system | Neurological disease | I21, I22, R52, R52.1-R52.2, R60.9, G89 | ESR1; HRH3; |
| NA: NA | Itching | NA | HRH1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Irregularities | N92.6 | ESR1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Obese insulin-resistant disorders | E11 | HRH3; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Inflammatory disease | C11, C44, K75.9, M00-M25 | HRH4; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Insomnia | F51.0, G47.0 | HRH1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Dyspareunia | N94.1 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Dysmenorrhea | N94.4-N94.6 | ESR1; |
| NA: NA | Urticaria | NA | HRH1; |
| R00-R99: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | Nausea | R11 | HRH1; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Nasal congestion | J34.89 | HRH1; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Narcolepsy | G47.4 | HRH3; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Leukemia | C90-C95 | ESR1; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Cognitive disorders | F01-F07, F04, F05, R41.3 | HRH3; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Hormone refractory prostate cancer | C61 | ESR1; |
| N00-N99: Diseases of the genitourinary system | Atrophic vaginitis | N95.2 | ESR1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Diabetic neuropathy | E11.40 | HRH3; |
| A00-B99: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | Trematode infection | B66.9 | ESR1; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Osteoporosis | M80-M81, Z79.890 | ESR1; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Central nervous system disease | G00-G99 | HRH3; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Hyperlipidaemia | E78 | ESR1; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Dementia | F01-F07 | HRH3; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Depression | F30-F39 | HRH1; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Pain | G64, G90.0, R52, G89 | ESR1; HRH1; HRH3; |
| G00-G99: Diseases of the nervous system G00-G99 | Parkinson's disease | G20 | HRH1; |
| NA: NA | Perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis | NA | HRH1; |
| NA: NA | Hypersensitivity reactions | NA | HRH1; |
| NA: NA | Vertigo's disease | NA | HRH1; |
| NA: NA | Coughs | NA | HRH1; |
| H00-H59: Diseases of the eye and adnexa | Ocular allergy | H00-H59 | HRH1; |
| J00-J99: Diseases of the respiratory system | Respiratory disease | J00-J99 | HRH1; |
| NA: NA | Respiratory allergies | NA | HRH1; |
| C00-D49: Neoplasms | Cancer | C00-C96 | ESR1; HRH1; |
| Z00-Z99: Factors influencing health status and contact with health services | Oral contraceptive | Z30 | ESR1; |
| E00-E89: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | Obesity | E66 | HRH1; HRH3; |
| L00-L99: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | Acne vulgaris | L70.0 | ESR1; |
| NA: NA | Gonorrheal vaginitis | NA | ESR1; |
| Z00-Z99: Factors influencing health status and contact with health services | Hormone replacement therapy | Z79.890 | ESR1; |
| F01-F99: Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | F90 | HRH3; |
| M00-M99: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | Atrophy | M62.571 | ESR1; |
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