NPASS Compound

Structure

NPC87457 OpenBabel06302216182D 28 29 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -1.7321 -5.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8660 -4.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0000 -5.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0000 -6.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8660 -6.5000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8660 -3.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7321 -3.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7321 -2.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5981 -1.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4641 -2.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5981 -0.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7321 -0.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8660 -0.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8660 -1.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8660 -2.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0000 -2.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8660 -1.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8660 -0.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5000 0.8660 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5000 0.8660 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0000 1.7321 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5000 0.8660 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0000 1.7321 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7321 0.0000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7321 1.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5981 1.5000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8660 1.5000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 2 0 0 0 0 2 6 1 0 0 0 0 3 4 1 0 0 0 0 4 5 1 0 0 0 0 6 7 1 0 0 0 0 8 7 1 1 0 0 0 8 9 1 0 0 0 0 8 14 1 0 0 0 0 9 10 2 0 0 0 0 9 11 1 0 0 0 0 11 12 1 0 0 0 0 13 12 1 1 0 0 0 13 14 1 0 0 0 0 13 19 1 0 0 0 0 14 15 1 1 0 0 0 14 16 1 0 0 0 0 16 17 1 0 0 0 0 17 18 1 0 0 0 0 18 19 1 0 0 0 0 18 25 1 6 0 0 0 19 20 1 6 0 0 0 19 21 1 0 0 0 0 21 22 2 0 0 0 0 21 23 1 0 0 0 0 23 24 1 0 0 0 0 25 26 1 0 0 0 0 26 27 2 0 0 0 0 26 28 1 0 0 0 0 M END $$$$

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	392.26
Volume:	422.657
LogP:	2.899
LogD:	3.236
LogS:	-4.463
# Rotatable Bonds:	8
TPSA:	72.83
# H-Bond Aceptor:	5
# H-Bond Donor:	1
# Rings:	2
# Heavy Atoms:	5

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.542
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.352
Fsp3:	0.739
Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Accepted
GSK Rule:	Accepted
BMS Rule:	0
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted
Chelating Alert:	0
PAINS Alert:	0

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab2.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.664
MDCK Permeability:	3.4749333281069994e-05
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.074
Pgp-substrate:	0.003
Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.008
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.061
30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.011

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.977
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	59.80232238769531%
Volume Distribution (VD):	0.658
Pgp-substrate:	51.96505355834961%

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.069
CYP1A2-substrate:	0.11
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.072
CYP2C19-substrate:	0.687
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.109
CYP2C9-substrate:	0.247
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.009
CYP2D6-substrate:	0.2
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.583
CYP3A4-substrate:	0.272

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):	5.019
Half-life (T1/2):	0.688

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.009
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.665
Drug-inuced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.184
AMES Toxicity:	0.018
Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.03
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.937
Skin Sensitization:	0.921
Carcinogencity:	0.041
Eye Corrosion:	0.019
Eye Irritation:	0.623
Respiratory Toxicity:	0.14

Download Data

Data Type	Select
General Info & Identifiers & Properties
Structure MOL file
Source Organisms
Biological Activities
Similar NPs/Drugs

Natural Product: NPC87457

Natural Product ID:	NPC87457
*Common Name:**	ONPOWLBCRWGGSD-NCPPBXHPSA-N
IUPAC Name:	n.a.
Synonyms:
Standard InCHIKey:	ONPOWLBCRWGGSD-NCPPBXHPSA-N
Standard InCHI:	InChI=1S/C23H36O5/c1-15(12-14-24)7-9-18-16(2)8-10-19-22(18,4)13-11-20(28-17(3)25)23(19,5)21(26)27-6/h12,18-20,24H,2,7-11,13-14H2,1,3-6H3/b15-12+/t18-,19+,20+,22+,23+/m0/s1
SMILES:	C/C(=CCO)/CC[C@H]1C(=C)CC[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)CC[C@H]([C@]2(C)C(=O)OC)OC(=O)C
Synthetic Gene Cluster:	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier:	n.a.
PubChem CID:	n.a.
Chemical Classification:**	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000012] Lipids and lipid-like molecules [CHEMONTID:0000259] Prenol lipids [CHEMONTID:0001551] Diterpenoids

*Note: the InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
**Note: the Chemical Classification was calculated by NPClassifier Version 1.5. Reference: PMID:34662515.

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO17839	Machaerium mucronulatum	Species	Dolichopodidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94598-9]
NPO25454	Plumbago europaea	Species	Plumbaginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	DOI[10.2225/vol5-issue3-fulltext-4]
NPO21302	Cladosporium herbarum	Species	Cladosporiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[11325242]
NPO7174	Callyspongia truncata	Species	Callyspongiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12088440]
NPO7174	Callyspongia truncata	Species	Callyspongiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12713420]
NPO7090	Ammi majus	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15009205]
NPO21302	Cladosporium herbarum	Species	Cladosporiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[16038560]
NPO1338	Arcangelisia gusanlung	Species	Menispermaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	stem	n.a.	PMID[21500777]
NPO9604	Amycolatopsis lurida	Species	Pseudonocardiaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[25323720]
NPO16653	Matteuccia struthiopteris	Species	Onocleaceae	Eukaryota	rhizomes	Liaoning province, China	2011-SEP	PMID[25927664]
NPO16966	Leptospermum scoparium	Species	Myrtaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[26731565]
NPO18983	Cleidion brevipetiolatum	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[31419126]
NPO16653	Matteuccia struthiopteris	Species	Onocleaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO7090	Ammi majus	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO19127	Citrus tankan	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO16653	Matteuccia struthiopteris	Species	Onocleaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO25454	Plumbago europaea	Species	Plumbaginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO18306	Juniperus thurifera	Species	Cupressaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO16293	Babylonia japonica	Species	Buccinidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO13963	Laurencia elata	Species	Rhodomelaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO17385	Magnolia acuminata	Species	Magnoliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO17831	Millettia racemosa	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO18306	Juniperus thurifera	Species	Cupressaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO13963	Laurencia elata	Species	Rhodomelaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO16293	Babylonia japonica	Species	Buccinidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO7090	Ammi majus	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO16653	Matteuccia struthiopteris	Species	Onocleaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO17385	Magnolia acuminata	Species	Magnoliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO15358	Entandrophragma cylindricum	Species	Meliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19127	Citrus tankan	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO5764	Ophioglossum vulgatum	Species	Ophioglossaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO25454	Plumbago europaea	Species	Plumbaginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO16653	Matteuccia struthiopteris	Species	Onocleaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO17385	Magnolia acuminata	Species	Magnoliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO7090	Ammi majus	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO19127	Citrus tankan	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO19189	Brickellia pendula	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18575	Ochtodes crockeri	Species	Rhizophyllidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18173	Pyrocystis lunula	Species	Pyrocystaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17831	Millettia racemosa	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO1338	Arcangelisia gusanlung	Species	Menispermaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO3050	Cladonia pseudodidyma	Species	Cladoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO25454	Plumbago europaea	Species	Plumbaginaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18983	Cleidion brevipetiolatum	Species	Euphorbiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO9535	Cortinarius basirubescens	Species	Cortinariaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO15608	Tanacetum santolina	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18306	Juniperus thurifera	Species	Cupressaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12801	Aglaia meridionalis	Species	Meliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21302	Cladosporium herbarum	Species	Cladosporiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18520	Helipterum strictum	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17385	Magnolia acuminata	Species	Magnoliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18792	Crotalaria lechnaultii	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO7807	Polyporus sulphureus	Species	Polyporaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17275	Chamaemelum scariosum	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO13963	Laurencia elata	Species	Rhodomelaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO16966	Leptospermum scoparium	Species	Myrtaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17709	Timonius kaniensis	Species	Rubiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO7174	Callyspongia truncata	Species	Callyspongiidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO16653	Matteuccia struthiopteris	Species	Onocleaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17802	Simmondsia chinensis	Species	Simmondsiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18061	Anacystis cyanea	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12282	Parmelia conspersa	Species	Parmeliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO3746	Hesperocyparis nevadensis	Species	Cupressaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO9604	Amycolatopsis lurida	Species	Pseudonocardiaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18707	Allium ursinum	Species	Amaryllidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18847	Copaifera paupera	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17190	Senecio erraticus	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO12072	Escallonia philippiana	Species	Escalloniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19127	Citrus tankan	Species	Rutaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18242	Gleichenia glauca	Species	Gleicheniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17068	Talaromyces wortmanni	Species	Trichocomaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO13594	Hippocratea indica	Species	Celastraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17596	Ficus maxima	Species	Moraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO11603	Lathyrus macrorrhizus	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO5764	Ophioglossum vulgatum	Species	Ophioglossaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO18377	Chaetomium retardatum	Species	Chaetomiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO10712	Tabebuia rosea	Species	Bignoniaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO7090	Ammi majus	Species	Apiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO11677	Lactobacillus acidophilus	Species	Lactobacillaceae	Bacteria	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO15358	Entandrophragma cylindricum	Species	Meliaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO21938	Coleus carnosus	Species	Lamiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO16829	Dunaliella acidophila	Species	Dunaliellaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO19057	Lentinellus omphalodes	Species	Auriscalpiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17839	Machaerium mucronulatum	Species	Dolichopodidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO16293	Babylonia japonica	Species	Buccinidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO17718	Artemisia schmidtiana	Species	Asteraceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	NP ID	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

☑ Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

☑ Note for Activity Records:
☉ The quantitative biological activities were primarily integrated from ChEMBL (Version-30) database and were also directly collected from PubMed literature. PubMed PMID was provided as the reference link for each activity record.

Chemically structural similarity: I. Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes 4,3285 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules. Tc lies between [0, 1] where '1' indicates the highest similarity. What is Tanimoto coefficient

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC87457 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	193
0.1-0.2	1089
0.2-0.3	4009
0.3-0.4	8488
0.4-0.5	13753
0.5-0.6	6648
0.6-0.7	5791
0.7-0.8	2501
0.8-0.85	195
0.85-0.9	28
0.9-0.95	2
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID

Chemically structural similarity: II. Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC87457 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.56 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	162
0.1-0.2	1433
0.2-0.3	3594
0.3-0.4	2489
0.4-0.5	935
0.5-0.6	260
0.6-0.7	212
0.7-0.8	64
0.8-0.85	1
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage

Bioactivity similarity: Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.

Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data