Natural Product: NPC78701

Natural Product IDNPC78701
Common Name
?
The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.
 Benzoic Acid Hexyl Ester
IUPAC Name hexyl benzoate
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier CHEMBL2260717
PubChem CID 23235
Chemical Classification
  • CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]
    • [CHEMONTID:0002448] Benzenoids
      • [CHEMONTID:0002279] Benzene and substituted derivatives
        • [CHEMONTID:0000176] Benzoic acids and derivatives
          • [CHEMONTID:0001350] Benzoic acid esters

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

  Chemical Representations

Standard InCHIKey UUGLJVMIFJNVFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InCHI InChI=1S/C13H18O2/c1-2-3-4-8-11-15-13(14)12-9-6-5-7-10-12/h5-7,9-10H,2-4,8,11H2,1H3
SMILES CCCCCCOC(=O)c1ccccc1

  Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:   206.13 Volume:   231.882
?
Van der Waals volume.
Dense:   0.889 LogP:   4.433
?
The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:   3.481
?
The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.
 LogS:   -4.497
?
The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:   7.0 Rigid Bonds:   7.0
TPSA:   26.3
?
Topological Polar Surface Area.
 H-Bond Acceptor:   2.0
H-Bond Donor:   0.0 Rings:   1.0
Heavy Atoms:   2.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:   0.526 GASA:   0.0
?
GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:   1.399 Fsp3:   0.462
MCE-18:   5.0
?
MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.
 Lipinski Rule-of-5:   Rejected
Pfizer Rule:   Accepted GSK Rule:   Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:   Rejected BMS Rule:   0
Chelating Alert:   0 PAINS Alert:   0
Colloidal aggregators:   0.041 Fluc inhibitor:   0.393
?
The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:   0.01
?
The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
 Green fluorescence:   0.174
?
The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:   0.984 Promiscuous compounds:   0.494

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:   -4.872 MDCK Permeability:   -4.631
Pgp-inhibitor:   0.37 Pgp-substrate:   0.024
PAMPA:   0.04
?
The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).
 Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):   0.003
20% Bioavailability (F20%):   0.191 30% Bioavailability (F30%):   0.242
50% Bioavailability (F50%):   0.254

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):   0.807 MRP1:   0.984
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):   98.798% Volume Distribution (VD):   0.411
Fu: 1.252%
?
The fraction unbound in plasms.
 OATP1B1 inhibitor:   0.459
OATP1B3 inhibitor:   0.984 BCRP inhibitor:   0.238
BSEP inhibitor:   0.86

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:   0.0 CYP1A2-substrate:   1.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:   0.09 CYP2C19-substrate:   0.167
CYP2C9-inhibitor:   0.021 CYP2C9-substrate:   0.734
CYP2D6-inhibitor:   0.002 CYP2D6-substrate:   0.507
CYP3A4-inhibitor:   0.107 CYP3A4-substrate:   1.0
CYP2B6-substrate:   0.068 CYP2C8-inhibitor:   1.0
HLM stability:   0.867
?
Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):  5.841 Half-life (T1/2):  0.344

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:  0.362 hERG Blockers (10um):  0.839
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):  0.043 Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):  0.258
AMES Toxicity:  0.048 Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:  0.079
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:  0.091 Skin Sensitization:  0.642
Carcinogencity:  0.558 Eye Corrosion:  0.576
Eye Irritation:  0.995 Respiratory Toxicity:  0.192
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:  0.214 Ototoxicity:  0.066
Hematotoxicity:  0.008 Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:  0.054
Genotoxicity:  0.0 RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:  0.05
A549 Cytotoxicity:  0.069 Hek293 Cytotoxicity:  0.312
BCF:   1.4
?
Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
 IGC50:   4.27
?
48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:   5.309
?
48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
 LC50FM:   4.941
?
96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

  Species Source

Organism ID Organism Name Taxonomy Level Family SuperKingdom Isolation Part Collection Location Collection Time Reference
NPO26266 Isodon japonicus Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. DOI[10.1039/C39730000707]
NPO25769 Heterotheca inuloides Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[11473412]
NPO26927 Salacia madagascariensis Species Celastraceae Eukaryota n.a. root n.a. PMID[15730255]
NPO26927 Salacia madagascariensis Species Celastraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[15730255]
NPO25870 Vaccinium vitis-idaea Species Ericaceae Eukaryota n.a. fruit n.a. PMID[16417304]
NPO26834 Eutypella scoparia Species Diatrypaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[16724861]
NPO26211 Knightia excelsa Species Proteaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[17315967]
NPO26266 Isodon japonicus Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[18491868]
NPO26507 Galenia africana Species Aizoaceae Eukaryota leaf n.a. n.a. PMID[20035557]
NPO26654 Penicillium citreonigrum Species Aspergillaceae Eukaryota n.a. atlantic-forest-soil n.a. PMID[20450206]
NPO26834 Eutypella scoparia Species Diatrypaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[21302965]
NPO25769 Heterotheca inuloides Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[26566007]
NPO26451 Ophiocoma scolopendrina Species Ophiocomidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[27684202]
NPO49598 Nicotiana glutinosa Species Solanaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[31861797]
NPO59224 Bignonia nocturna Species Bignoniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[33587821]
NPO55789 Prunus ulmifolia Species Rosaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[36302154]
NPO56463 Grindelia squarrosa Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[37175263]
NPO47617 Echinops polyceras Genus Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[37241978]
NPO47051 Ononis aurasiaca Species Fabaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[37971903]
NPO26927 Salacia madagascariensis Species Celastraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. PMID[7288445]
NPO25870 Vaccinium vitis-idaea Species Ericaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO25769 Heterotheca inuloides Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO22505 Bombax ceiba Species Malvaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26507 Galenia africana Species Aizoaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26266 Isodon japonicus Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26374 Alangium premnifolium Species Cornaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26023 Angelica tarokoensis Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO25896 Bragantia wallichii n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26607 Colobocentrotus atratus Species Echinidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO25792 Delphinium andersoni Species Ranunculaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26184 Diphasia angolensis Species Rutaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26134 Epimedium davidii Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO25739 Erysimum odoratum Species Brassicaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO25972 Eupolyphaga sinensis Species Corydiidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26834 Eutypella scoparia Species Diatrypaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26349 Frullania tamarisci Species Frullaniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26161 Globba malaccensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26584 Gnidia lamprantha Species Thymelaeaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26624 Ilex amara Species Aquifoliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26211 Knightia excelsa Species Proteaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO25995 Laurencia distichophylla Species Rhodomelaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26699 Leonurus glaucescens Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO5510 Lepidium draba Species Brassicaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26950 Maba buxifolia Species Ebenaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26561 Micromeria pineolens Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO7447 Nemalion vermiculare Species Liagoraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26806 Nidula candida Species Nidulariaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26451 Ophiocoma scolopendrina Species Ophiocomidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26654 Penicillium citreonigrum Species Aspergillaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO2898 Quercus sessiliflora Species Fagaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26927 Salacia madagascariensis Species Celastraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26406 Saussurea carthamoides Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26319 Solanum acaule Species Solanaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26287 Spodoptera eridania Species Noctuidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO25949 Streptomyces griseovariabilis Species Streptomycetaceae Bacteria n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26052 Swertia delavayi Species Gentianaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO26900 Vallota purpurea n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO25923 Vismia jefensis Species Hypericaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO49598 Nicotiana glutinosa Species Solanaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[COCONUT]
NPO25870 Vaccinium vitis-idaea Species Ericaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO25870 Vaccinium vitis-idaea Species Ericaceae Eukaryota Fruits n.a. Database[FooDB]
NPO26134 Epimedium davidii Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO25870 Vaccinium vitis-idaea Species Ericaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[HerDing]
NPO26699 Leonurus glaucescens Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO26134 Epimedium davidii Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO25870 Vaccinium vitis-idaea Species Ericaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO22505 Bombax ceiba Species Malvaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO5510 Lepidium draba Species Brassicaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO26349 Frullania tamarisci Species Frullaniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCMID]
NPO5510 Lepidium draba Species Brassicaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO25972 Eupolyphaga sinensis Species Corydiidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO26834 Eutypella scoparia Species Diatrypaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO25972 Eupolyphaga sinensis Species Corydiidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO25769 Heterotheca inuloides Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26134 Epimedium davidii Species Berberidaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO2898 Quercus sessiliflora Species Fagaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO25870 Vaccinium vitis-idaea Species Ericaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26266 Isodon japonicus Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26607 Colobocentrotus atratus Species Echinidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26287 Spodoptera eridania Species Noctuidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26699 Leonurus glaucescens Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26561 Micromeria pineolens Species Lamiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26349 Frullania tamarisci Species Frullaniaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26900 Vallota purpurea n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26654 Penicillium citreonigrum Species Aspergillaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26184 Diphasia angolensis Species Rutaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26584 Gnidia lamprantha Species Thymelaeaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO25896 Bragantia wallichii n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26161 Globba malaccensis Species Zingiberaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26451 Ophiocoma scolopendrina Species Ophiocomidae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26927 Salacia madagascariensis Species Celastraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO25923 Vismia jefensis Species Hypericaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26211 Knightia excelsa Species Proteaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO5510 Lepidium draba Species Brassicaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO22505 Bombax ceiba Species Malvaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26406 Saussurea carthamoides Species Asteraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26624 Ilex amara Species Aquifoliaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26023 Angelica tarokoensis Species Apiaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26950 Maba buxifolia Species Ebenaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26319 Solanum acaule Species Solanaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26806 Nidula candida Species Nidulariaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO7447 Nemalion vermiculare Species Liagoraceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO25949 Streptomyces griseovariabilis Species Streptomycetaceae Bacteria n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26052 Swertia delavayi Species Gentianaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO25739 Erysimum odoratum Species Brassicaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO25792 Delphinium andersoni Species Ranunculaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26374 Alangium premnifolium Species Cornaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO25995 Laurencia distichophylla Species Rhodomelaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]
NPO26507 Galenia africana Species Aizoaceae Eukaryota n.a. n.a. n.a. Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].



  NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID Organism Name Organism Material Preparation Organism Part NP Quantity (Standard) NP Quantity (Minimum) NP Quantity (Maximum) Quantity Unit Reference
NPO47051 Ononis aurasiaca Oil n.a. 0.4 n.a. n.a. % PMID[37971903]
NPO47617 Echinops polyceras Hydro distillation Inflorescences 1.32 n.a. n.a. % PMID[37241978]
NPO47617 Echinops polyceras Hydro distillation Inflorescences 0.84 n.a. n.a. % PMID[37241978]
NPO47617 Echinops polyceras Hydro distillation Inflorescences 1.33 n.a. n.a. % PMID[37241978]
NPO49598 Nicotiana glutinosa Oil n.a. 1.21 ± 0.01 n.a. n.a. % PMID[31861797]
NPO55789 Prunus ulmifolia Oil Leaves 2.09 n.a. n.a. % PMID[36302154]
NPO56463 Grindelia squarrosa Oil n.a. 0.1 n.a. n.a. % PMID[37175263]
NPO59224 Bignonia nocturna Oil n.a. 0.01 n.a. n.a. % PMID[33587821]
NPO59224 Bignonia nocturna Oil n.a. 0.02 n.a. n.a. % PMID[33587821]
NPO59224 Bignonia nocturna Oil n.a. 0.07 n.a. n.a. % PMID[33587821]
NPO59224 Bignonia nocturna Oil n.a. 0.04 n.a. n.a. % PMID[33587821]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].



 Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference
NPT153 Individual protein Androgen Receptor Homo sapiens Potency n.a. 27306 nM PubChem BioAssay data set

In vitro activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference
NPT2 Others Unspecified n.a. Potency n.a. 17.4 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2 Others Unspecified n.a. Potency n.a. 15484.5 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2 Others Unspecified n.a. Potency n.a. 30895.6 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2 Others Unspecified n.a. Potency n.a. 61130.6 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2 Others Unspecified n.a. Potency n.a. 68589.6 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2 Others Unspecified n.a. Potency n.a. 54941 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2 Others Unspecified n.a. Potency n.a. 48966.2 nM PubChem BioAssay data set
NPT2 Others Unspecified n.a. Potency n.a. 1087.1 nM PubChem BioAssay data set

In vivo activity

Target ID Target Type Target Name Target Organism Activity Type Activity Relation Value Unit Reference
NPT29 Organism Rattus norvegicus Rattus norvegicus pLD50 = 9.42 n.a. DOI[10.1007/s00044-009-9162-3]





 Experimental ADME

Experiment Model Experiment Tissue ADME Type ADME Relation ADME Value ADME Unit Reference





 Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model Experiment Organism Toxicity Type Toxicity Relation Toxicity Value Toxicity Unit Reference
- Rattus norvegicus LD50 = 12300.0 mg/kg ToxVal
- Oryctolagus cuniculus LD50 = 20580.0 mg/kg ToxVal

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Cardiotoxicity Respiratory Toxicity Eye Irritation Endocrine Disruption
Hepatotoxicity Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Cardiotoxicity Respiratory Toxicity Eye Irritation Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]


  Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC78701 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
●  The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Natural Product ID
0.8387 Intermediate Similarity NPC608938
0.7647 Intermediate Similarity NPC93084
0.7647 Intermediate Similarity NPC251854
0.7647 Intermediate Similarity NPC601045
0.7188 Intermediate Similarity NPC92754
0.6842 Remote Similarity NPC607895
0.6765 Remote Similarity NPC146351
0.6571 Remote Similarity NPC604461
0.625 Remote Similarity NPC249912
0.6154 Remote Similarity NPC603245
0.6098 Remote Similarity NPC90522
0.6053 Remote Similarity NPC35448
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC10251
0.6 Remote Similarity NPC156892
0.5897 Remote Similarity NPC270699
0.5714 Remote Similarity NPC225060
0.5682 Remote Similarity NPC295406
0.5682 Remote Similarity NPC200422
0.5682 Remote Similarity NPC289572
0.5682 Remote Similarity NPC157478
0.5366 Remote Similarity NPC604243
0.5135 Remote Similarity NPC486840

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

●  The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC78701 and all drugs/candidates.
●  The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

Similarity Score Similarity Level Drug ID Developmental Stage
0.6 Remote Similarity NPD2182 Pre-clinical
0.5641 Remote Similarity NPD553 Phase 4

Bioactivity similarity

  Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity
B: biological targets similarity
C: networks similarity
D: cell-based bioactivity similarity
E: similarity based on clinical data