NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC586445

Natural Product ID	NPC586445
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Apigenidin
IUPAC Name	2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-5,7-diol
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	n.a.
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 30 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -6.0662 -0.3807 -0.4442 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6811 -0.3132 -0.5106 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0082 -0.2148 -1.7063 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6163 -0.1501 -1.7184 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8928 -0.1818 -0.5681 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4335 -0.1174 -0.5195 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3315 -0.0179 -1.6582 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7223 0.0442 -1.6260 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3123 0.0001 -0.3652 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6986 0.0585 -0.2706 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4696 0.1589 -1.4211 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2528 0.0129 0.9884 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4640 -0.0858 2.0939 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0112 -0.1332 3.3800 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1048 -0.1421 1.9852 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4995 -0.0999 0.7446 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1851 -0.1534 0.6213 O 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6129 -0.2819 0.6199 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9760 -0.3476 0.6725 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5598 -0.7762 0.3279 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5915 -0.1900 -2.6209 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1382 -0.0748 -2.6618 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1121 0.0171 -2.6402 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3264 0.1222 -2.5163 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.2334 0.8289 -1.3871 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3237 0.0565 1.0887 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7341 0.5990 4.0424 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4844 -0.2218 2.8920 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0201 -0.3063 1.5347 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4451 -0.4240 1.6430 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 2 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 2 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 2 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 10 12 2 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 13 15 2 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 2 0 5 18 1 0 18 19 2 0 19 2 1 0 17 6 1 0 16 9 1 0 1 20 1 0 3 21 1 0 4 22 1 0 7 23 1 0 8 24 1 0 11 25 1 0 12 26 1 0 14 27 1 0 15 28 1 0 18 29 1 0 19 30 1 0 M CHG 1 17 1 M END

Standard InCHIKey	ZKMZBAABQFUXFE-UHFFFAOYSA-O
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C15H10O4/c16-10-3-1-9(2-4-10)14-6-5-12-13(18)7-11(17)8-15(12)19-14/h1-8H,(H2-,16,17,18)/p+1
SMILES	OC1=CC=C(C2=CC=C3C(O)=CC(O)=CC3=[O+]2)C=C1

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	255.07	Volume:	257.714 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.99	LogP:	0.672 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	0.976 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-2.265 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	1.0	Rigid Bonds:	17.0
TPSA:	71.99 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	4.0
H-Bond Donor:	3.0	Rings:	3.0
Heavy Atoms:	4.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.582	GASA:	0.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	2.752	Fsp³:	0.0
MCE-18:	16.0 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Rejected
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	1
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.867	Fluc inhibitor:	0.988 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.98 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.391 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.968	Promiscuous compounds:	0.41

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.101	MDCK Permeability:	-4.777
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.001	Pgp-substrate:	0.802
PAMPA:	0.565 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.001
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.752	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.904
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.994

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.009	MRP1:	0.284
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	94.915%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.164
Fu:	7.492% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.914
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.978	BCRP inhibitor:	0.653
BSEP inhibitor:	0.331

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.441	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.493
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.001	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.116
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.988	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.53
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.925
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.001	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.089
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.997
HLM stability:	0.812 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

5.984

Half-life (T1/2):

1.426

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.016	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.109
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.999	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	1.0
AMES Toxicity:	1.0	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.053
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.998	Skin Sensitization:	1.0
Carcinogencity:	1.0	Eye Corrosion:	0.009
Eye Irritation:	1.0	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.999
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.0	Ototoxicity:	0.0
Hematotoxicity:	0.007	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.0
Genotoxicity:	1.0	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.004
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.003	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.979
BCF:	1.399 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.664 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.393 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.079 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO26371	Sorghum bicolor	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12542343]
NPO26371	Sorghum bicolor	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[14664512]
NPO26371	Sorghum bicolor	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	seed	n.a.	PMID[25172742]
NPO26371	Sorghum bicolor	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[9677276]
NPO26371	Sorghum bicolor	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO45032	Adiantum spp.	Genus	Pteridaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO62372	Rechsteineria cardinalis	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO52502	Blechnum procerum	Species	Blechnaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO46424	Dryopteris spp.	Genus	Dryopteridaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO11470	Sorghum caudatum	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO26371	Sorghum bicolor	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO26371	Sorghum bicolor	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO11470	Sorghum caudatum	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO26371	Sorghum bicolor	Species	Poaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC586445 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	39954
0.1-0.2	9505
0.2-0.3	374
0.3-0.4	14
0.4-0.5	8
0.5-0.6	2
0.6-0.7	1
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.7838	Intermediate Similarity	NPC602237
0.625	Remote Similarity	NPC190454
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC97432
0.5227	Remote Similarity	NPC46274

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC586445 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	8494
0.1-0.2	638
0.2-0.3	15
0.3-0.4	1
0.4-0.5	1
0.5-0.6	1
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.5227	Remote Similarity	NPD1529	Clinical (unspecified phase)

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data