NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC571041

Natural Product ID	NPC571041
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	Veracintine
IUPAC Name	(3~{S},8~{S},9~{S},10~{R},13~{S},14~{S},17~{R})-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(1~{S})-1-[(2~{S})-5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2~{H}-pyrrol-2-yl]ethyl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1~{H}-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	n.a.
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 69 73 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 6.9409 -0.0299 -1.9850 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.7305 0.3279 -1.1938 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5841 0.3646 0.0480 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2234 0.7682 0.4456 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4197 -0.4674 0.5857 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2297 -1.2984 1.6636 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0832 -0.4590 1.1354 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9064 0.0457 2.5552 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3965 -0.1926 2.7395 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1369 -0.6327 1.3975 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5281 -0.2943 1.1063 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3986 -1.3661 1.8037 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8064 -1.0008 1.4461 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1340 -0.2749 0.4146 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.5675 0.0262 0.1554 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9442 -0.6420 -1.1375 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.0018 0.0325 -1.7404 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7949 -0.8755 -2.0529 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6987 0.1600 -1.9616 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1536 0.3076 -0.5752 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0423 1.7743 -0.2243 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8489 -0.4186 -0.3431 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7988 0.0311 -1.2829 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6006 -0.3364 -0.8869 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8927 0.0980 0.4915 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6102 1.5538 0.7441 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8879 1.6093 -0.7633 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4482 0.7302 -1.8842 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2133 0.8835 -2.5895 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6941 -0.8896 -2.6395 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.7599 -0.2623 -1.2763 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3571 1.3515 1.3604 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4942 -1.0852 -0.3044 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5910 -2.0997 2.0583 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3866 -0.5607 2.4751 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1804 -1.6078 1.2386 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8357 -1.5865 1.2710 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1952 1.0803 2.7114 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4889 -0.6361 3.2122 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2872 -1.0574 3.4255 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1092 0.6795 3.1466 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0312 -1.7087 1.2329 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.9242 0.6507 1.5623 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2339 -1.2000 2.8929 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1310 -2.3718 1.4735 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5878 -1.3764 2.1035 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2157 -0.3471 0.9726 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7008 1.1310 0.0053 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3560 -1.6556 -0.8581 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.1716 -0.2573 -2.6530 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3862 -1.8957 -1.9726 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1934 -0.8013 -3.1072 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9146 -0.1201 -2.6797 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0941 1.1488 -2.3113 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7709 2.3418 -0.8696 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3686 1.9689 0.8363 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0233 2.1726 -0.2984 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0651 -1.5020 -0.5740 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9673 -0.5116 -2.2637 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8504 1.1013 -1.5749 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2801 0.1613 -1.6011 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8043 -1.4231 -0.9942 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2612 1.7366 1.3731 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5077 2.1080 1.0991 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3882 2.0156 -0.2547 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8358 1.7801 -0.8550 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4932 2.5491 -0.6785 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7700 -0.1009 -2.0561 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6316 1.3800 -2.7397 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 5 7 1 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 2 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 16 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 1 20 22 1 0 22 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 25 26 1 6 4 27 1 0 27 28 1 0 28 2 1 0 25 7 1 0 25 10 1 0 22 11 1 0 20 14 1 0 1 29 1 0 1 30 1 0 1 31 1 0 4 32 1 1 5 33 1 6 6 34 1 0 6 35 1 0 6 36 1 0 7 37 1 1 8 38 1 0 8 39 1 0 9 40 1 0 9 41 1 0 10 42 1 1 11 43 1 1 12 44 1 0 12 45 1 0 13 46 1 0 15 47 1 0 15 48 1 0 16 49 1 1 17 50 1 0 18 51 1 0 18 52 1 0 19 53 1 0 19 54 1 0 21 55 1 0 21 56 1 0 21 57 1 0 22 58 1 6 23 59 1 0 23 60 1 0 24 61 1 0 24 62 1 0 26 63 1 0 26 64 1 0 26 65 1 0 27 66 1 0 27 67 1 0 28 68 1 0 28 69 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	HRXDXVGLJJYLNK-OSFZIUFISA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C26H41NO/c1-16-5-10-24(27-16)17(2)21-8-9-22-20-7-6-18-15-19(28)11-13-25(18,3)23(20)12-14-26(21,22)4/h6,17,19-24,28H,5,7-15H2,1-4H3/t17-,19-,20-,21+,22-,23-,24-,25-,26+/m0/s1
SMILES	CC1=N[C@H]([C@@H](C)[C@H]2CC[C@H]3[C@@H]4CC=C5C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]5(C)[C@H]4CC[C@]23C)CC1

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	383.32	Volume:	429.984 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.891	LogP:	4.864 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	4.057 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-4.814 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	2.0	Rigid Bonds:	25.0
TPSA:	32.59 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	2.0
H-Bond Donor:	1.0	Rings:	5.0
Heavy Atoms:	2.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.567	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.731	Fsp³:	0.885
MCE-18:	82.041 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Accepted	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.905	Fluc inhibitor:	0.0 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.009 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.0 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.043	Promiscuous compounds:	0.372

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.216	MDCK Permeability:	-5.038
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.956	Pgp-substrate:	0.084
PAMPA:	0.009 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.0
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.012	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.355
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.967

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.002	MRP1:	0.056
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	80.974%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.025
Fu:	19.742% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.645
BSEP inhibitor:	0.94

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.128	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.194
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.656	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.002
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	1.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	1.0
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.024
HLM stability:	0.082 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

17.423

Half-life (T1/2):

1.562

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.153	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.295
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.724	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.465
AMES Toxicity:	0.383	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.204
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.791	Skin Sensitization:	0.987
Carcinogencity:	0.952	Eye Corrosion:	0.009
Eye Irritation:	0.795	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.869
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.142	Ototoxicity:	0.588
Hematotoxicity:	0.443	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.666
Genotoxicity:	0.161	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.039
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.134	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.609
BCF:	2.197 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.864 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.918 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.59 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO48466	Veratrum album L. s.l. (V. album subsp. lobelianum (Bernh.) Arcang. and V. album L. s.str.)	Genus	Melanthiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO50393	Veratrum nigrum L.	Genus	Melanthiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC571041 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	18796
0.1-0.2	25257
0.2-0.3	5388
0.3-0.4	287
0.4-0.5	72
0.5-0.6	22
0.6-0.7	33
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC221758
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC33913
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPC59453
0.6491	Remote Similarity	NPC162742
0.6491	Remote Similarity	NPC304309
0.6491	Remote Similarity	NPC470228
0.6452	Remote Similarity	NPC243985
0.6452	Remote Similarity	NPC473943
0.6452	Remote Similarity	NPC280710
0.6452	Remote Similarity	NPC240650
0.6393	Remote Similarity	NPC472265
0.6379	Remote Similarity	NPC22105
0.6379	Remote Similarity	NPC34019
0.6379	Remote Similarity	NPC107059
0.6379	Remote Similarity	NPC600590
0.6333	Remote Similarity	NPC51014
0.6333	Remote Similarity	NPC264245
0.6271	Remote Similarity	NPC136188
0.6271	Remote Similarity	NPC28657
0.6271	Remote Similarity	NPC474216
0.6271	Remote Similarity	NPC154330
0.6167	Remote Similarity	NPC230301
0.6167	Remote Similarity	NPC113733
0.6167	Remote Similarity	NPC198968
0.6167	Remote Similarity	NPC285893
0.6167	Remote Similarity	NPC134847
0.6066	Remote Similarity	NPC241290
0.6066	Remote Similarity	NPC164840
0.6066	Remote Similarity	NPC484739
0.6066	Remote Similarity	NPC209944
0.6066	Remote Similarity	NPC155986
0.6032	Remote Similarity	NPC603646
0.6	Remote Similarity	NPC328313
0.5968	Remote Similarity	NPC328714
0.5968	Remote Similarity	NPC321381
0.5938	Remote Similarity	NPC155011
0.5873	Remote Similarity	NPC318495
0.5846	Remote Similarity	NPC47761
0.5846	Remote Similarity	NPC488870
0.5833	Remote Similarity	NPC151519
0.5821	Remote Similarity	NPC601043
0.5821	Remote Similarity	NPC605412
0.5606	Remote Similarity	NPC474164
0.5538	Remote Similarity	NPC477522
0.5517	Remote Similarity	NPC96319
0.5484	Remote Similarity	NPC20688
0.5441	Remote Similarity	NPC474189
0.5397	Remote Similarity	NPC76879
0.5217	Remote Similarity	NPC474349
0.5152	Remote Similarity	NPC1272
0.5152	Remote Similarity	NPC470614
0.507	Remote Similarity	NPC5985
0.5068	Remote Similarity	NPC235126
0.5068	Remote Similarity	NPC309493
0.5068	Remote Similarity	NPC242419

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC571041 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	6708
0.1-0.2	2207
0.2-0.3	209
0.3-0.4	17
0.4-0.5	4
0.5-0.6	2
0.6-0.7	3
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.6667	Remote Similarity	NPD4786	Phase 1
0.6271	Remote Similarity	NPD6942	Phase 4
0.6167	Remote Similarity	NPD7339	Approved
0.5833	Remote Similarity	NPD3667	Phase 4
0.5517	Remote Similarity	NPD3701	Pre-clinical

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data