NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC556816

Natural Product ID	NPC556816
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	5,7-dihydroxy-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[(2~{S},3~{S},4~{S},5~{R},6~{R})-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-chromen-4-one
IUPAC Name	5,7-dihydroxy-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[(2~{S},3~{S},4~{S},5~{R},6~{R})-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-chromen-4-one
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	n.a.
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 70 73 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 0.3415 6.3043 0.6886 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7572 5.5001 0.2491 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6108 4.1040 0.1862 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5651 3.4942 0.5377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6993 2.1383 0.4749 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3284 1.2758 0.0564 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0158 -0.1374 -0.0280 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9277 -1.1507 0.1069 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2348 -1.0428 0.3352 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4423 -0.9646 -0.2527 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2453 0.0408 0.3462 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3462 0.3702 -0.3989 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.1681 1.3423 0.4234 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2403 -0.8149 -0.6927 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.9649 -1.2035 0.4326 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4375 -2.0082 -1.1587 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2410 -3.1089 -1.2923 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3409 -2.2137 -0.0988 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9320 -2.1166 1.1548 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4234 -2.4610 0.0002 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2436 -3.4050 0.1207 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9093 -2.6881 -0.2246 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3716 -3.9914 -0.3237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4517 -5.0100 -0.1899 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7159 -4.2203 -0.5496 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5792 -3.1477 -0.6733 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9366 -3.3336 -0.9005 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1004 -1.8520 -0.5715 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0374 -0.7348 -0.7065 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8670 -0.5630 0.5480 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.8373 0.6020 0.3951 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6597 0.7604 1.6572 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0876 1.9052 0.2000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.6620 0.4402 -0.7101 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7607 -1.6076 -0.3462 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2986 -0.4044 -0.2491 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4857 1.8959 -0.2905 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6360 3.2942 -0.2288 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0371 7.3654 0.7722 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6361 5.8849 1.6799 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1817 6.2110 -0.0089 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3814 4.1367 0.8688 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6712 1.7277 0.7723 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4236 -0.6964 -1.3541 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0961 0.8790 -1.3637 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8521 2.3975 0.2751 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.2529 1.2075 0.1659 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0685 1.0272 1.4838 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.9805 -0.4755 -1.4469 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.5588 -1.9460 0.1432 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9642 -1.7029 -2.1302 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3362 -3.5231 -0.3902 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8239 -3.1487 -0.2444 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2167 -1.8791 1.7900 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7481 -5.9941 -0.2190 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0748 -5.2304 -0.6266 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3860 -3.0743 -1.7855 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7388 -0.8406 -1.5611 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5085 0.2311 -0.8739 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4482 -1.4806 0.7701 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2341 -0.3134 1.4276 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.3360 1.6237 1.5644 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2645 -0.1633 1.8721 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9900 0.9431 2.5129 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9105 2.1007 -0.8961 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.7022 2.7661 0.5463 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1092 1.8991 0.7250 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2477 -0.3513 -0.6184 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3281 1.3742 -0.6743 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5640 3.7575 -0.5080 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 2 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 12 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 14 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 16 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 8 20 1 0 20 21 2 0 20 22 1 0 22 23 2 0 23 24 1 0 23 25 1 0 25 26 2 0 26 27 1 0 26 28 1 0 28 29 1 0 29 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 31 32 1 0 31 33 1 0 31 34 1 0 28 35 2 0 35 36 1 0 6 37 1 0 37 38 2 0 38 3 1 0 36 7 1 0 18 10 1 0 35 22 1 0 1 39 1 0 1 40 1 0 1 41 1 0 4 42 1 0 5 43 1 0 10 44 1 6 12 45 1 6 13 46 1 0 13 47 1 0 13 48 1 0 14 49 1 6 15 50 1 0 16 51 1 6 17 52 1 0 18 53 1 6 19 54 1 0 24 55 1 0 25 56 1 0 27 57 1 0 29 58 1 0 29 59 1 0 30 60 1 0 30 61 1 0 32 62 1 0 32 63 1 0 32 64 1 0 33 65 1 0 33 66 1 0 33 67 1 0 34 68 1 0 37 69 1 0 38 70 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	MDKYYFBRCUVEAN-JQCUYYIZSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C27H32O11/c1-12-19(30)21(32)22(33)26(36-12)38-25-20(31)18-17(29)11-16(28)15(9-10-27(2,3)34)24(18)37-23(25)13-5-7-14(35-4)8-6-13/h5-8,11-12,19,21-22,26,28-30,32-34H,9-10H2,1-4H3/t12-,19+,21+,22+,26+/m1/s1
SMILES	COC1=CC=C(C2=C(O[C@@H]3O[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]3O)C(=O)C3=C(O)C=C(O)C(CCC(C)(C)O)=C3O2)C=C1

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	532.19	Volume:	516.923 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.03	LogP:	1.896 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	2.133 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-3.144 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	7.0	Rigid Bonds:	24.0
TPSA:	179.28 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	11.0
H-Bond Donor:	6.0	Rings:	4.0
Heavy Atoms:	11.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.261	GASA:	0.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.183	Fsp³:	0.444
MCE-18:	97.692 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.625	Fluc inhibitor:	0.323 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.966 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.955 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.034	Promiscuous compounds:	0.282

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.844	MDCK Permeability:	-5.13
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.001	Pgp-substrate:	0.977
PAMPA:	0.978 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.439
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.223	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.8
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.998

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.001	MRP1:	0.833
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	92.336%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.032
Fu:	5.615% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.236
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.77	BCRP inhibitor:	0.884
BSEP inhibitor:	0.217

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.029	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.005
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.003	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.221	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.017
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.001	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.072
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	1.0
HLM stability:	0.793 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

1.672

Half-life (T1/2):

2.005

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.016	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.155
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.738	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.902
AMES Toxicity:	0.965	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.065
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.162	Skin Sensitization:	1.0
Carcinogencity:	0.444	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.542	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.715
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.032	Ototoxicity:	0.794
Hematotoxicity:	0.7	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.769
Genotoxicity:	0.755	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.26
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.777	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.596
BCF:	0.717 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.494 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.945 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	4.273 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO10969	Epimedium sagittatum	Species	Berberidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	leaf	n.a.	PMID[8699184]
NPO10969	Epimedium sagittatum	Species	Berberidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO10969	Epimedium sagittatum	Species	Berberidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO10969	Epimedium sagittatum	Species	Berberidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO10969	Epimedium sagittatum	Species	Berberidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO10969	Epimedium sagittatum	Species	Berberidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO10969	Epimedium sagittatum	Species	Berberidaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC556816 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	8824
0.1-0.2	36235
0.2-0.3	3947
0.3-0.4	551
0.4-0.5	256
0.5-0.6	39
0.6-0.7	2
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	2
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.8148	Intermediate Similarity	NPC278419
0.8148	Intermediate Similarity	NPC179198
0.686	Remote Similarity	NPC66087
0.6316	Remote Similarity	NPC5319
0.5955	Remote Similarity	NPC219904
0.5843	Remote Similarity	NPC472459
0.5778	Remote Similarity	NPC611303
0.5747	Remote Similarity	NPC111929
0.5747	Remote Similarity	NPC320283
0.5747	Remote Similarity	NPC41121
0.573	Remote Similarity	NPC46420
0.5618	Remote Similarity	NPC265530
0.5556	Remote Similarity	NPC271692
0.5506	Remote Similarity	NPC127546
0.5506	Remote Similarity	NPC249281
0.5506	Remote Similarity	NPC57625
0.5506	Remote Similarity	NPC173637
0.5506	Remote Similarity	NPC317489
0.5506	Remote Similarity	NPC223424
0.5506	Remote Similarity	NPC600591
0.5495	Remote Similarity	NPC59534
0.5484	Remote Similarity	NPC223747
0.5444	Remote Similarity	NPC64305
0.5444	Remote Similarity	NPC158674
0.5393	Remote Similarity	NPC135599
0.5393	Remote Similarity	NPC73855
0.5393	Remote Similarity	NPC113968
0.5393	Remote Similarity	NPC328940
0.5393	Remote Similarity	NPC277174
0.5393	Remote Similarity	NPC606877
0.5385	Remote Similarity	NPC349108
0.5217	Remote Similarity	NPC305811
0.5217	Remote Similarity	NPC27640
0.5208	Remote Similarity	NPC265115
0.5165	Remote Similarity	NPC289667
0.5158	Remote Similarity	NPC116458
0.5158	Remote Similarity	NPC246943
0.5155	Remote Similarity	NPC251417
0.5104	Remote Similarity	NPC276377
0.5104	Remote Similarity	NPC355481
0.5098	Remote Similarity	NPC473327
0.5098	Remote Similarity	NPC606657
0.5053	Remote Similarity	NPC120099

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC556816 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	3136
0.1-0.2	5891
0.2-0.3	111
0.3-0.4	6
0.4-0.5	5
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	1
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.6316	Remote Similarity	NPD7804	Clinical (unspecified phase)

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data