NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC488388

Natural Product ID	NPC488388
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	YBIOANSSEWCGQU-JRWDYSGSSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	n.a.
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 84 87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -2.9998 -1.9541 -2.7419 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1040 -1.5270 -1.3316 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6017 -0.3868 -0.8451 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8891 0.5172 -1.7597 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5921 -0.0508 -2.2094 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3676 -0.3451 -1.1424 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1091 -0.1254 0.0412 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6139 -0.8875 -1.4370 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5434 -1.1733 -0.4381 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9911 0.0132 0.3564 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5151 1.0449 -0.6173 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8989 2.2587 0.1986 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9249 1.8345 1.1884 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1003 0.3445 1.3055 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9537 -0.1885 0.3359 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.1566 -0.8206 0.5172 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.8204 -1.2669 -0.6337 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.0307 -1.9149 -0.6019 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.6455 -2.1510 0.6092 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.0106 -1.7206 1.7547 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.7766 -1.0609 1.7098 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.8741 -2.8050 0.6897 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9071 -0.3563 1.3189 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7001 2.4472 2.4182 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3069 3.3196 -0.6044 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4845 1.3995 -1.4713 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7431 1.8689 -1.1532 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0001 2.0913 0.1136 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4193 1.1543 1.0132 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8454 -0.1337 0.5834 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2047 -0.2960 0.8582 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4933 -1.2281 1.8196 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1659 -0.5886 3.0367 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3245 0.2939 2.6249 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.8538 -0.2114 1.3177 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.7063 -1.7126 1.2866 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.4842 -2.3210 0.1323 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.5045 -3.7015 0.2530 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4052 -2.1457 1.3308 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.2305 0.1044 1.2947 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9348 1.6310 2.5823 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.5640 -1.6392 3.8568 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3063 2.9778 -1.9880 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1770 4.1187 -1.5067 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0319 2.7706 -3.3237 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6103 3.8785 -4.0967 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9489 -2.5040 -3.0132 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2027 -2.7421 -2.8374 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9265 -1.1475 -3.4688 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6265 -2.2085 -0.6457 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5231 0.6584 -2.6916 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6737 -0.9692 -2.8394 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0836 0.6806 -2.9311 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4448 -1.6737 -0.8895 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1172 -1.9739 0.2373 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1548 0.4952 0.8995 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3535 0.6497 -1.2215 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9800 2.5563 0.7630 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9170 2.2388 0.8312 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5562 0.1741 2.3005 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.3312 -1.0772 -1.5806 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.5368 -2.2572 -1.5071 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.4717 -1.8932 2.7204 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2959 -0.7318 2.6185 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.7288 -2.2581 0.7711 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1486 3.3290 2.4690 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3082 3.2252 -0.6920 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5948 1.0329 -2.3917 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8618 3.1290 0.4711 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2679 -0.8514 1.1892 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6115 -1.7522 2.2123 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4581 0.0333 3.6043 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.1291 0.1287 3.3886 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.4246 0.2933 0.4398 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.2143 -2.0898 2.2187 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.0826 -2.0561 -0.8454 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.5208 -1.8956 0.1944 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.1064 -3.9667 1.1229 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.4006 0.8783 1.8750 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.4918 2.1580 1.9861 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.3545 -1.4493 4.3872 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2515 3.8642 -5.0201 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7409 4.8453 -3.5779 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4226 3.7708 -4.4451 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 2 0 6 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 2 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 2 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 2 0 19 22 1 0 14 23 1 0 13 24 1 0 12 25 1 0 11 26 1 0 4 27 1 0 27 28 2 0 28 29 1 0 29 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 31 32 1 0 32 33 1 0 33 34 1 0 34 35 1 0 35 36 1 0 36 37 1 0 37 38 1 0 36 39 1 0 35 40 1 0 34 41 1 0 33 42 1 0 27 43 1 0 43 44 2 0 43 45 1 0 45 46 1 0 30 3 1 0 39 32 1 0 23 10 1 0 21 16 1 0 1 47 1 0 1 48 1 0 1 49 1 0 2 50 1 0 4 51 1 6 5 52 1 0 5 53 1 0 9 54 1 0 9 55 1 0 10 56 1 1 11 57 1 6 12 58 1 1 13 59 1 6 14 60 1 1 17 61 1 0 18 62 1 0 20 63 1 0 21 64 1 0 22 65 1 0 24 66 1 0 25 67 1 0 26 68 1 0 28 69 1 0 30 70 1 1 32 71 1 1 33 72 1 1 34 73 1 1 35 74 1 6 36 75 1 1 37 76 1 0 37 77 1 0 38 78 1 0 40 79 1 0 41 80 1 0 42 81 1 0 46 82 1 0 46 83 1 0 46 84 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	YBIOANSSEWCGQU-JRWDYSGSSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C29H38O17/c1-3-14-15(16(26(39)40-2)10-42-27(14)46-29-25(38)22(35)20(33)17(9-30)44-29)8-19(32)41-11-18-21(34)23(36)24(37)28(45-18)43-13-6-4-12(31)5-7-13/h3-7,10,15,17-18,20-25,27-31,33-38H,8-9,11H2,1-2H3/b14-3+/t15-,17+,18+,20+,21+,22-,23-,24+,25+,27-,28+,29-/m0/s1
SMILES	C/C=C/1[C@H](CC(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](Oc3ccc(cc3)O)O2)O)O)O)C(=CO[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)OC

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	658.21	Volume:	606.893 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.085	LogP:	-0.824 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	0.133 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-1.446 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	12.0	Rigid Bonds:	27.0
TPSA:	260.59 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	17.0
H-Bond Donor:	8.0	Rings:	4.0
Heavy Atoms:	17.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.094	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	5.186	Fsp³:	0.586
MCE-18:	105.652 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	1
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.469	Fluc inhibitor:	0.029 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.107 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.252 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.168	Promiscuous compounds:	0.21

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-6.044	MDCK Permeability:	-5.255
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.0	Pgp-substrate:	0.694
PAMPA:	1.0 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.352
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.452	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.991
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.982

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.001	MRP1:	0.458
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	69.089%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.371
Fu:	31.442% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.008
BSEP inhibitor:	0.003

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.002
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.28
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.978
HLM stability:	0.122 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

1.192

Half-life (T1/2):

2.803

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.005	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.1
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.791	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.991
AMES Toxicity:	0.959	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.087
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.059	Skin Sensitization:	1.0
Carcinogencity:	0.132	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.001	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.0
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.036	Ototoxicity:	0.989
Hematotoxicity:	0.271	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.959
Genotoxicity:	0.991	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.275
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.665	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.358
BCF:	0.402 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.052 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.941 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	3.866 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO41060	Syringa dilatata	Species	Oleaceae	Eukaryota	Flowers	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[32936639]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
IC50	1

Activity Type	# Activity
Cell line	1

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT113	Cell line	RAW264.7	Mus musculus	IC50	=	58300.0	nM	PMID[32936639]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC488388 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	9605
0.1-0.2	35279
0.2-0.3	3817
0.3-0.4	1028
0.4-0.5	103
0.5-0.6	6
0.6-0.7	15
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.7253	Intermediate Similarity	NPC246893
0.7191	Intermediate Similarity	NPC65262
0.7191	Intermediate Similarity	NPC84429
0.7191	Intermediate Similarity	NPC101686
0.7097	Intermediate Similarity	NPC488385
0.6889	Remote Similarity	NPC469364
0.6889	Remote Similarity	NPC23677
0.6889	Remote Similarity	NPC609284
0.675	Remote Similarity	NPC469543
0.6744	Remote Similarity	NPC169398
0.6739	Remote Similarity	NPC198577
0.6556	Remote Similarity	NPC488384
0.6484	Remote Similarity	NPC488383
0.6465	Remote Similarity	NPC488387
0.6447	Remote Similarity	NPC303451
0.6447	Remote Similarity	NPC72358
0.64	Remote Similarity	NPC488386
0.6292	Remote Similarity	NPC296643
0.6292	Remote Similarity	NPC299576
0.6044	Remote Similarity	NPC600692
0.5696	Remote Similarity	NPC57751
0.5432	Remote Similarity	NPC198487
0.5325	Remote Similarity	NPC192229
0.5301	Remote Similarity	NPC233559
0.5149	Remote Similarity	NPC469367
0.5093	Remote Similarity	NPC488389

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC488388 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	4626
0.1-0.2	4416
0.2-0.3	99
0.3-0.4	9
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data