NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC486548

Natural Product ID	NPC486548
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	DUMWGVSBOMENMQ-INYQHVAZSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	n.a.
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds]

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 70 73 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 7.8408 0.5020 2.8072 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.2228 0.2695 1.4438 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2637 0.4221 0.4512 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9632 0.7869 0.7221 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9988 0.9418 -0.2615 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4236 0.7036 -1.5700 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.7113 0.3390 -1.8723 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.6142 0.2033 -0.8563 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.9188 -0.1698 -1.2013 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6173 1.3301 0.0350 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7385 0.1914 0.4302 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2223 -0.5375 1.6811 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3803 -1.7037 1.5991 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3505 -2.1002 0.2449 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0128 -3.2545 -0.1173 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7714 -0.9465 -0.5704 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9011 -0.6410 -1.7406 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4772 -0.4142 -1.4258 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0032 0.8541 -1.1365 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3117 1.0734 -0.8454 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2759 0.0448 -0.8138 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7914 -1.2014 -1.1008 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4489 -1.4300 -1.4001 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6330 -2.2914 -1.1029 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1730 -3.5907 -1.3932 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5595 0.3861 -0.5087 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7319 -0.3215 -0.3866 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2917 -0.2868 1.0300 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.7865 -0.4932 0.9349 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.3180 0.7954 0.2939 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5063 1.0903 -0.9548 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7653 2.4176 -0.8126 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.6587 3.4200 -0.4355 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.6970 0.0574 -1.3216 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.6705 0.7421 0.0616 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.3845 -0.6863 2.1599 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.7967 -1.3879 1.7668 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5515 2.3759 0.9510 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5371 1.5625 2.8948 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.6337 0.2076 3.4976 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9430 -0.1134 3.0420 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.7188 0.9533 1.7648 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6831 0.8220 -2.3303 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9654 0.1719 -2.9077 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.6509 0.5184 -0.9946 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1795 1.7485 -0.9159 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7018 0.4930 0.6461 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0293 0.0143 2.6000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2485 -0.9268 1.5677 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8252 -1.0548 -0.9286 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0272 -1.4870 -2.4761 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2977 0.3078 -2.1918 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7211 1.6860 -1.1564 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6155 2.0942 -0.6287 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1020 -2.4430 -1.6285 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.8382 -3.6936 -2.4359 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3300 -3.9008 -0.7414 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0562 -4.2752 -1.2690 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5589 -1.3936 -0.5853 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0079 0.6025 1.5897 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.9429 -1.3620 0.2352 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.1150 1.6057 1.0237 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.2421 1.2411 -1.7722 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9907 2.3782 -0.0203 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3403 2.7301 -1.7811 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.5678 3.1996 -0.8028 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.2085 1.0135 0.8441 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.1808 -1.2794 2.0307 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1575 -1.1143 2.4472 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9156 2.2034 1.6788 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 2 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 8 9 1 0 5 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 2 0 14 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 2 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 2 0 21 22 1 0 22 23 2 0 22 24 1 0 24 25 1 0 21 26 1 0 26 27 1 0 27 28 1 0 28 29 1 0 29 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 31 32 1 0 32 33 1 0 31 34 1 0 30 35 1 0 29 36 1 0 28 37 1 0 10 38 1 0 8 3 1 0 16 11 1 0 23 18 1 0 34 27 1 0 1 39 1 0 1 40 1 0 1 41 1 0 4 42 1 0 6 43 1 0 7 44 1 0 9 45 1 0 10 46 1 6 11 47 1 1 12 48 1 0 12 49 1 0 16 50 1 6 17 51 1 0 17 52 1 0 19 53 1 0 20 54 1 0 23 55 1 0 25 56 1 0 25 57 1 0 25 58 1 0 27 59 1 6 28 60 1 1 29 61 1 6 30 62 1 1 31 63 1 6 32 64 1 0 32 65 1 0 33 66 1 0 35 67 1 0 36 68 1 0 37 69 1 0 38 70 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	DUMWGVSBOMENMQ-INYQHVAZSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C26H32O12/c1-34-18-9-13(4-5-16(18)28)21(29)15-11-36-25(33)14(15)7-12-3-6-17(19(8-12)35-2)37-26-24(32)23(31)22(30)20(10-27)38-26/h3-6,8-9,14-15,20-24,26-32H,7,10-11H2,1-2H3/t14-,15+,20+,21-,22+,23-,24+,26+/m0/s1
SMILES	COc1cc(ccc1O)[C@@H]([C@@H]1COC(=O)[C@H]1Cc1ccc(c(c1)OC)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O1)O)O)O)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	536.19	Volume:	511.054 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.049	LogP:	-0.995 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	-0.071 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-1.504 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	9.0	Rigid Bonds:	24.0
TPSA:	184.6 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	12.0
H-Bond Donor:	6.0	Rings:	4.0
Heavy Atoms:	12.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.229	GASA:	1.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.361	Fsp³:	0.5
MCE-18:	92.077 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	0
Chelating Alert:	1	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.587	Fluc inhibitor:	0.114 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.049 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.398 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.074	Promiscuous compounds:	0.197

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-5.806	MDCK Permeability:	-5.112
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.0	Pgp-substrate:	0.168
PAMPA:	0.928 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.062
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.16	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.767
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.887

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.003	MRP1:	0.259
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	68.812%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.322
Fu:	28.964% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.002
BSEP inhibitor:	0.017

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.009	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.003
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.873	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.536
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.961
HLM stability:	0.03 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

2.519

Half-life (T1/2):

4.536

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.02	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.147
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.919	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.98
AMES Toxicity:	0.946	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.021
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.047	Skin Sensitization:	0.999
Carcinogencity:	0.322	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.391	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.011
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.037	Ototoxicity:	0.963
Hematotoxicity:	0.679	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.977
Genotoxicity:	0.981	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.256
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.351	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.347
BCF:	0.409 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.07 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.588 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	3.725 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO6409	Eutrema japonicum	Species	Brassicaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[10571166]
NPO6409	Eutrema japonicum	Species	Brassicaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[27700070]
NPO6409	Eutrema japonicum	Species	Brassicaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[30232882]
NPO6409	Eutrema japonicum	Species	Brassicaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO6409	Eutrema japonicum	Species	Brassicaceae	Eukaryota		n.a.	n.a.	Database[FooDB]
NPO6409	Eutrema japonicum	Species	Brassicaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
Activity	2
IC50	5

Activity Type	# Activity
Cell line	7

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT76	Cell line	C6	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	104.3	%	PMID[27700070]
NPT76	Cell line	C6	Rattus norvegicus	Activity	=	102.3	%	PMID[27700070]
NPT34	Cell line	BV-2	Mus musculus	IC50	>	50000.0	nM	PMID[27700070]
NPT457	Cell line	BT-549	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[27700070]
NPT81	Cell line	A549	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[27700070]
NPT146	Cell line	SK-OV-3	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[27700070]
NPT147	Cell line	SK-MEL-2	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[27700070]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC486548 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	12797
0.1-0.2	31712
0.2-0.3	4272
0.3-0.4	880
0.4-0.5	154
0.5-0.6	25
0.6-0.7	5
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	1
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.9067	High Similarity	NPC486546
0.7975	Intermediate Similarity	NPC486547
0.7821	Intermediate Similarity	NPC299706
0.7821	Intermediate Similarity	NPC115466
0.7821	Intermediate Similarity	NPC61604
0.7317	Intermediate Similarity	NPC486549
0.716	Intermediate Similarity	NPC245615
0.7013	Intermediate Similarity	NPC158635
0.7013	Intermediate Similarity	NPC229882
0.6588	Remote Similarity	NPC163635
0.6575	Remote Similarity	NPC100675
0.6575	Remote Similarity	NPC601691
0.6207	Remote Similarity	NPC470950
0.6136	Remote Similarity	NPC283995
0.5843	Remote Similarity	NPC185307
0.5778	Remote Similarity	NPC129417
0.5647	Remote Similarity	NPC38041
0.5647	Remote Similarity	NPC22150
0.5618	Remote Similarity	NPC486545
0.5618	Remote Similarity	NPC39657
0.5526	Remote Similarity	NPC472024
0.5526	Remote Similarity	NPC270849
0.5495	Remote Similarity	NPC46092
0.5495	Remote Similarity	NPC478055
0.5455	Remote Similarity	NPC26653
0.5455	Remote Similarity	NPC80600
0.5435	Remote Similarity	NPC470235
0.5402	Remote Similarity	NPC471063
0.5309	Remote Similarity	NPC278961
0.5309	Remote Similarity	NPC113680
0.5287	Remote Similarity	NPC18979
0.519	Remote Similarity	NPC300776
0.519	Remote Similarity	NPC176814
0.519	Remote Similarity	NPC4982
0.519	Remote Similarity	NPC606629
0.5114	Remote Similarity	NPC227902
0.5114	Remote Similarity	NPC279298
0.5106	Remote Similarity	NPC112861
0.5065	Remote Similarity	NPC9912

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC486548 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	4037
0.1-0.2	4931
0.2-0.3	172
0.3-0.4	10
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data