NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC485618

Natural Product ID	NPC485618
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	NREGVTHCHKOXLC-VXLWULRPSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	10835998
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000261] Phenylpropanoids and polyketides [CHEMONTID:0000334] Flavonoids [CHEMONTID:0000337] Flavans [CHEMONTID:0003642] 8-prenylated flavans [CHEMONTID:0003508] 8-prenylated flavanones

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 61 63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 3.1360 -1.2702 1.5590 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6525 0.1462 1.5133 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9824 1.0996 0.8592 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7232 0.8112 0.1618 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7964 0.9418 -1.3368 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4197 0.5961 -1.9178 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0009 -0.7666 -1.5946 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5450 -1.8355 -2.2690 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1456 -3.1216 -1.9589 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8006 -3.3607 -0.9739 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.3455 -2.2866 -0.2985 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3416 -2.4296 0.7432 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4411 -3.5360 1.3093 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2369 -1.3275 1.1580 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9026 -0.0277 0.4782 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2721 1.1640 1.2563 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3836 1.7043 2.1637 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7547 2.8213 2.8834 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9962 3.3818 2.6919 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8962 2.8533 1.7881 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5176 1.7456 1.0801 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.4028 1.1738 0.1489 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5233 0.0575 0.1009 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9422 -0.9813 -0.6106 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2186 -4.6183 -0.6412 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6546 -5.7159 -1.3394 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4835 -1.5413 -3.2411 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1057 2.3213 -1.7155 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2039 3.0364 -2.3787 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4190 2.9997 -1.4701 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9156 0.5248 2.1897 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2166 -1.2294 2.1960 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8296 -1.6030 0.5367 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.9203 -1.8968 2.0016 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3936 2.0945 0.8944 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2793 -0.1686 0.4692 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9740 1.5550 0.5855 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5788 0.2919 -1.7761 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2908 1.2962 -1.4452 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3831 0.7643 -3.0091 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5916 -3.9441 -2.5071 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1969 -1.2436 2.2729 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2741 -1.6457 0.9219 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.5292 -0.0137 -0.4632 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4119 1.2485 2.2991 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0425 3.2311 3.5915 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2695 4.2583 3.2661 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.8800 3.2825 1.6240 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1692 1.1899 -0.8482 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.1170 -6.6622 -1.0452 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7110 -5.5867 -2.4365 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4350 -5.7307 -1.0769 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8615 -2.3223 -3.7682 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2332 2.7273 -2.6904 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4531 4.0814 -2.6581 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1595 2.2348 -1.2540 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4019 3.7555 -0.6861 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6496 3.5339 -2.4382 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5121 1.2106 1.5512 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5041 -0.3710 2.5014 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6159 1.1021 3.1035 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 3 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 2 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 2 0 12 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 2 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 2 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 2 0 21 22 1 0 15 23 1 0 23 24 1 0 10 25 1 0 25 26 1 0 8 27 1 0 5 28 1 0 28 29 2 0 28 30 1 0 2 31 1 0 24 7 1 0 24 11 2 0 21 16 1 0 1 32 1 0 1 33 1 0 1 34 1 0 3 35 1 0 4 36 1 0 4 37 1 0 5 38 1 0 6 39 1 0 6 40 1 0 9 41 1 0 14 42 1 0 14 43 1 0 15 44 1 6 17 45 1 0 18 46 1 0 19 47 1 0 20 48 1 0 22 49 1 0 26 50 1 0 26 51 1 0 26 52 1 0 27 53 1 0 29 54 1 0 29 55 1 0 30 56 1 0 30 57 1 0 30 58 1 0 31 59 1 0 31 60 1 0 31 61 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	NREGVTHCHKOXLC-VXLWULRPSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C26H30O5/c1-15(2)10-11-17(16(3)4)12-19-21(28)13-24(30-5)25-22(29)14-23(31-26(19)25)18-8-6-7-9-20(18)27/h6-10,13,17,23,27-28H,3,11-12,14H2,1-2,4-5H3/t17?,23-/m0/s1
SMILES	CC(=CCC(Cc1c(cc(c2C(=O)C[C@@H](c3ccccc3O)Oc12)OC)O)C(=C)C)C

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	422.21	Volume:	452.806 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	0.932	LogP:	4.769 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	3.861 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-5.031 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	7.0	Rigid Bonds:	20.0
TPSA:	75.99 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	5.0
H-Bond Donor:	2.0	Rings:	3.0
Heavy Atoms:	5.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.543	GASA:	0.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	3.795	Fsp³:	0.346
MCE-18:	65.4 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Rejected
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Rejected	BMS Rule:	1
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.898	Fluc inhibitor:	0.576 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.396 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.588 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.249	Promiscuous compounds:	0.04

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-4.81	MDCK Permeability:	-4.552
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.702	Pgp-substrate:	0.001
PAMPA:	0.005 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.0
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.007	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.055
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.903

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.215	MRP1:	0.962
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	96.328%	Volume Distribution (VD):	0.182
Fu:	2.982% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	0.955
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	0.987	BCRP inhibitor:	0.674
BSEP inhibitor:	0.994

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.058	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.913
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.988	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.379
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.547	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.038	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.931
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.533
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.064
HLM stability:	0.942 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

6.811

Half-life (T1/2):

0.848

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.081	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.497
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.847	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.47
AMES Toxicity:	0.441	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.813
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.702	Skin Sensitization:	0.955
Carcinogencity:	0.264	Eye Corrosion:	0.001
Eye Irritation:	0.824	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.9
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.902	Ototoxicity:	0.738
Hematotoxicity:	0.191	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.791
Genotoxicity:	0.933	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.091
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.627	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.317
BCF:	1.955 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	4.926 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	6.887 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	6.277 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[10654410]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[10843587]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[15568770]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[16392664]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[16933887]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	roots	Hualien Hsien, Taiwan	2003-JUL	PMID[16933887]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	PMID[17951038]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[18175961]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[24295087]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[27575476]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[30298740]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	Roots	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[9868163]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	root	n.a.	Database[Article]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO19231	Sophora flavescens	Species	Fabaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
MIC	4
Inhibition	3
Activity	3

Activity Type	# Activity
Organism	4
Others	6

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT79	Organism	Bacillus subtilis	Bacillus subtilis	MIC	=	2.5	ug.mL-1	PMID[10654410]
NPT16	Organism	Staphylococcus aureus	Staphylococcus aureus	MIC	=	5.0	ug.mL-1	PMID[10654410]
NPT17	Organism	Staphylococcus epidermidis	Staphylococcus epidermidis	MIC	=	5.0	ug.mL-1	PMID[10654410]
NPT167	Organism	Propionibacterium acnes	Propionibacterium acnes	MIC	=	10.0	ug.mL-1	PMID[10654410]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Inhibition	=	4.1	%	PMID[10654410]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Inhibition	=	23.6	%	PMID[10654410]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Inhibition	=	73.5	%	PMID[10654410]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Activity	=	27.3	%	PMID[10654410]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Activity	=	67.5	%	PMID[10654410]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Activity	=	82.4	%	PMID[10654410]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC485618 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	13443
0.1-0.2	31327
0.2-0.3	4620
0.3-0.4	395
0.4-0.5	47
0.5-0.6	7
0.6-0.7	9
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	3
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.8333	Intermediate Similarity	NPC77794
0.8333	Intermediate Similarity	NPC225660
0.8308	Intermediate Similarity	NPC473014
0.791	Intermediate Similarity	NPC485619
0.7681	Intermediate Similarity	NPC235217
0.7681	Intermediate Similarity	NPC485611
0.7206	Intermediate Similarity	NPC81697
0.7206	Intermediate Similarity	NPC485615
0.6486	Remote Similarity	NPC485614
0.6486	Remote Similarity	NPC127059
0.6164	Remote Similarity	NPC125894
0.6104	Remote Similarity	NPC485616
0.6104	Remote Similarity	NPC217149
0.6053	Remote Similarity	NPC473013
0.6027	Remote Similarity	NPC278249
0.6027	Remote Similarity	NPC473015
0.6027	Remote Similarity	NPC223812
0.5974	Remote Similarity	NPC107177
0.5974	Remote Similarity	NPC485612
0.589	Remote Similarity	NPC85162
0.5694	Remote Similarity	NPC76338
0.5694	Remote Similarity	NPC250242
0.5526	Remote Similarity	NPC131568
0.5068	Remote Similarity	NPC306829

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC485618 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	3235
0.1-0.2	5804
0.2-0.3	106
0.3-0.4	5
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	0
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
		NPD

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data