NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC482954

Natural Product ID	NPC482954
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	ZRJBHWIHUMBLCN-HZRLMBICSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	9794806
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000002] Organoheterocyclic compounds [CHEMONTID:0001253] Quinolines and derivatives [CHEMONTID:0000056] Quinolones and derivatives

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 2D 36 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 0.7500 -6.4952 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5000 -5.1962 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7500 -3.8971 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7500 -3.8971 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0000 -5.1962 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5000 -5.1962 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2500 -6.4952 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2500 -3.8971 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5000 -2.5981 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7500 -1.2990 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5000 0.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7500 1.2990 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7500 1.2990 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5000 0.0000 0.0000 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7500 -1.2990 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5000 -2.5981 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5000 2.5981 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0000 -2.5981 0.0000 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8290 -7.5372 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7316 -6.2607 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0000 -7.7942 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0000 -5.1962 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5000 -5.1962 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.9028 -6.3941 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1710 -7.5372 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6919 -6.0818 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0000 -7.7942 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5982 -4.5546 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5982 -3.2396 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0000 0.0000 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5000 2.5981 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6491 -3.5623 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.6491 -1.6339 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0000 2.5981 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7500 -1.2990 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7500 -3.8971 0.0000 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 6 7 1 0 6 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 2 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 2 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 2 0 15 16 1 0 13 17 1 0 9 18 1 1 9 3 1 0 15 10 1 0 16 4 1 0 1 19 1 0 1 20 1 0 1 21 1 0 2 22 1 0 4 23 1 6 5 24 1 0 7 25 1 0 7 26 1 0 7 27 1 0 8 28 1 0 8 29 1 0 11 30 1 0 12 31 1 0 16 32 1 0 16 33 1 0 17 34 1 0 18 35 1 0 18 36 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	ZRJBHWIHUMBLCN-HZRLMBICSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C15H18N2O/c1-3-11-10-6-9(2)8-15(11,16)12-4-5-14(18)17-13(12)7-10/h3-6,10H,7-8,16H2,1-2H3,(H,17,18)/b11-3+/t10-,15-/m0/s1
SMILES	C/C=C/1[C@H]2C=C(C)C[C@]1(c1ccc(nc1C2)O)N

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

MedChem Properties

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

ADMET: Distribution

ADMET: Metabolism

ADMET: Excretion

ADMET: Toxicity

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO14928	Huperzia serrata	Species	Lycopodiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12141864]
NPO14928	Huperzia serrata	Species	Lycopodiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO14928	Huperzia serrata	Species	Lycopodiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO14928	Huperzia serrata	Species	Lycopodiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCM_Taiwan]
NPO14928	Huperzia serrata	Species	Lycopodiaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Activity Type	# Activity
IC50	54
Ki	9
Ratio	5
Inhibition	15
Ratio IC50	3
Activity	4

Activity Type	# Activity
Individual protein	78
Others	8
Organism	4

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	5.0	nM	DOI[10.1016/0960-894X(96)00337-X]
NPT2749	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	=	80.0	nM	PMID[9873409]
NPT2749	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	=	114.0	nM	PMID[10476864]
NPT2748	Individual protein	Butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	=	135000.0	nM	PMID[10476864]
NPT2749	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	=	44.5	nM	PMID[1766006]
NPT2749	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	=	80.0	nM	PMID[7658452]
NPT2748	Individual protein	Butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	>	1000000.0	nM	PMID[7658452]
NPT2749	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	=	71.5	nM	PMID[1766006]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	47.0	nM	PMID[12166941]
NPT2749	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	Ki	=	24.0	nM	PMID[11551765]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	260.0	nM	PMID[11101357]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	260.0	nM	PMID[11741490]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	Ratio	=	0.28	n.a.	PMID[11741490]
NPT2749	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	=	94.0	nM	DOI[10.1016/0960-894X(96)00102-3]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	150.0	nM	DOI[10.1016/0960-894X(96)00102-3]
NPT2749	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	=	72.4	nM	PMID[15689148]
NPT2748	Individual protein	Butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	=	702000.0	nM	PMID[15689148]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	47.0	nM	PMID[15715468]
NPT2749	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	=	53.0	nM	PMID[15993600]
NPT2748	Individual protein	Butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	=	56200.0	nM	PMID[15993600]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	260.0	nM	PMID[15771413]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	47.0	nM	PMID[16570913]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	Ki	=	47.0	nM	PMID[16722663]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	260.0	nM	PMID[17154513]
NPT2749	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	=	72.4	nM	PMID[17126020]
NPT2748	Individual protein	Butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	=	70200.0	nM	PMID[17126020]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	Inhibition	=	50.0	%	PMID[12141864]
NPT2749	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	=	114.0	nM	PMID[18479118]
NPT2668	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Torpedo californica	Ki	=	175.0	nM	PMID[18479118]
NPT2668	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Torpedo californica	IC50	=	11.4	nM	PMID[19726199]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	21.0	nM	PMID[19726199]
NPT2668	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Torpedo californica	Inhibition	=	99.67	%	PMID[19726199]
NPT2668	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Torpedo californica	Inhibition	=	85.7	%	PMID[19726199]
NPT2668	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Torpedo californica	Inhibition	=	81.93	%	PMID[19726199]
NPT2668	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Torpedo californica	Inhibition	=	70.24	%	PMID[19726199]
NPT2668	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Torpedo californica	Inhibition	=	53.35	%	PMID[19726199]
NPT2668	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Torpedo californica	Inhibition	=	34.56	%	PMID[19726199]
NPT2668	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Torpedo californica	Inhibition	=	20.43	%	PMID[19726199]
NPT2668	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Torpedo californica	Inhibition	=	92.97	%	PMID[19726199]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	Inhibition	=	98.0	%	PMID[20797856]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	1700.0	nM	PMID[20954721]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	5.0	nM	PMID[21216144]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	12.0	nM	PMID[22775474]
NPT2749	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	IC50	=	65.0	nM	PMID[23273608]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	45.0	nM	PMID[23395652]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	125.0	nM	PMID[23941108]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	Inhibition	=	100.0	%	PMID[24844448]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	0.54	nM	PMID[25222040]
NPT204	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	5.0	nM	PMID[26159481]
NPT72	Individual protein	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	Homo sapiens	Inhibition	=	101.26	%	PMID[23571415]
NPT3902	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	IC50	=	82.0	nM	PMID[23984975]
NPT67	Individual protein	Cholinesterase	Equus caballus	Inhibition	=	11.85	%	PMID[23062825]
NPT73	Individual protein	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	Inhibition	=	93.86	%	PMID[23571415]
NPT914	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	IC50	=	74.0	nM	PMID[10464010]
NPT914	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	Ki	=	24.0	nM	PMID[12031333]
NPT914	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	Ki	=	5.9	nM	DOI[10.1016/0960-894X(96)00012-1]
NPT914	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	Ki	=	23.6	nM	DOI[10.1016/0960-894X(96)00012-1]
NPT914	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	Ki	=	5.9	nM	PMID[11078202]
NPT914	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	IC50	=	74.0	nM	PMID[11101357]
NPT914	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	IC50	=	74.0	nM	PMID[11741490]
NPT914	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	IC50	=	74.0	nM	PMID[15771413]
NPT914	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	IC50	=	74.0	nM	PMID[17154513]
NPT914	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	IC50	=	53.0	nM	PMID[17904850]
NPT914	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus	IC50	=	74.0	nM	PMID[18585045]
NPT66	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Electrophorus electricus	IC50	=	120.0	nM	PMID[21510637]
NPT66	Individual protein	Acetylcholinesterase	Electrophorus electricus	Inhibition	=	97.29	%	PMID[23062825]
NPT439	Individual protein	Butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[12166941]
NPT439	Individual protein	Butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	100000.0	nM	PMID[10464010]
NPT439	Individual protein	Butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[11101357]
NPT439	Individual protein	Butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[11741490]
NPT439	Individual protein	Butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[15715468]
NPT439	Individual protein	Butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[15771413]
NPT439	Individual protein	Butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[16570913]
NPT439	Individual protein	Butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	Ki	>	1000.0	nM	PMID[16722663]
NPT439	Individual protein	Butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	>	10000.0	nM	PMID[17154513]
NPT439	Individual protein	Butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	IC50	=	100.0	nM	PMID[21216144]

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference
NPT21294	Organism	Tineola bisselliella	Tineola bisselliella	Activity	=	3.0	%	PMID[11804518]
NPT3768	Others	Cholinesterases; ACHE & BCHE	Homo sapiens	Ratio	>	38.0	n.a.	PMID[11741490]
NPT3768	Others	Cholinesterases; ACHE & BCHE	Homo sapiens	Ratio IC50	>	212.0	n.a.	PMID[16570913]
NPT19099	Organism	Anthrenocerus australis	Anthrenocerus australis	Activity	=	1.5	mg/ml	PMID[11804518]
NPT19099	Organism	Anthrenocerus australis	Anthrenocerus australis	Activity	=	3.0	%	PMID[11804518]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Ratio	>	1000.0	n.a.	PMID[10464010]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Ratio	=	0.28	n.a.	PMID[11101357]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Ratio	>	38.0	n.a.	PMID[11101357]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Ratio IC50	=	970.0	n.a.	PMID[17126020]
NPT5732	Organism	Lucilia cuprina	Lucilia cuprina	Activity	=	8.0	%	PMID[11804518]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	Ratio IC50	=	1138.0	n.a.	PMID[23273608]
NPT2	Others	Unspecified	n.a.	IC50	=	74000.0	nM	PMID[23273608]

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference
-	Lucilia cuprina	LD50	=	2.38	mg/ml	PMID[11804518]
Anthrenocerus australis	Anthrenocerus australis	LD50	=	110.0	ppm	PMID[11804518]
-	Tineola bisselliella	LD50	=	630.0	ppm	PMID[11804518]

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC482954 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	24882
0.1-0.2	24831
0.2-0.3	128
0.3-0.4	5
0.4-0.5	3
0.5-0.6	5
0.6-0.7	1
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	1

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
1.0	High Similarity	NPC47298
0.7843	Intermediate Similarity	NPC484634
0.7143	Intermediate Similarity	NPC484625
0.6296	Remote Similarity	NPC32028
0.5862	Remote Similarity	NPC259545
0.569	Remote Similarity	NPC484624
0.5333	Remote Similarity	NPC484637
0.5312	Remote Similarity	NPC232340
0.5254	Remote Similarity	NPC126481

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC482954 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	4587
0.1-0.2	4549
0.2-0.3	11
0.3-0.4	0
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	1
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	2

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
1.0	High Similarity	NPD1684	Approved
1.0	High Similarity	NPD1685	Approved
0.5333	Remote Similarity	NPD5497	Clinical (unspecified phase)

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data