NPASS Compound

Natural Product: NPC48221

Natural Product ID	NPC48221
Common Name ? The InCHIKey will be temporarily assigned as the "Common Name" if no IUPAC name or alternative short name is available.	HGMGIRJXPKZTBP-XJBIVIJWSA-N
IUPAC Name	n.a.
Synonyms
Synthetic Gene Cluster	n.a.
ChEMBL Identifier	n.a.
PubChem CID	122198191
Chemical Classification	CHEMONTID:0000000 [Organic compounds] [CHEMONTID:0000261] Phenylpropanoids and polyketides [CHEMONTID:0000334] Flavonoids [CHEMONTID:0001111] Flavonoid glycosides [CHEMONTID:0001583] Flavonoid O-glycosides [CHEMONTID:0003533] Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides

The Chemical Classification was calculated by Classyfire, a software for chemical taxonomy calculation. Reference: DOI:10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y.

Chemical Representations

RDKit 3D 74 78 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -5.1679 -2.5102 1.4270 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.1606 -1.3633 0.6374 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.0302 -0.8406 0.0185 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8301 -1.5344 0.2193 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.6779 -1.0816 -0.3565 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7566 0.0577 -1.1212 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9204 0.7432 -1.3247 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.1339 0.2955 -0.7382 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2627 1.0270 -0.9813 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.5350 0.8078 -0.5375 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.1067 2.0285 0.2122 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.5822 1.6896 0.1845 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.4375 2.9388 0.1545 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10.7742 2.5676 0.0303 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.7005 0.8816 -1.0642 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.4329 0.7934 -1.6281 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.9282 0.8737 1.2598 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.6503 2.0899 1.5070 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4166 -1.7767 -0.1693 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.3953 -2.8474 0.8639 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9283 -3.5457 0.7731 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0817 -4.7690 0.8377 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0975 -2.6942 0.5962 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3746 -3.1737 0.7348 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4812 -2.3812 0.5706 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3471 -1.0204 0.2477 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0565 -0.5600 0.1134 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9292 -1.3635 0.2797 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6487 -0.8633 0.1363 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4817 -0.2559 0.0907 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5766 1.0882 -0.2237 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2357 1.9136 0.8638 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.6841 1.5823 1.0534 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.1094 0.6817 -0.0789 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5850 1.2825 -1.3584 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.2664 0.6364 -2.5429 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.8740 1.3431 -3.6896 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2071 1.2552 -1.4493 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.5127 0.7528 -0.1445 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.9295 0.9064 2.2472 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.1567 3.2665 0.4929 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4813 -4.5361 1.0575 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4553 -2.3951 2.2533 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2061 -2.6843 1.7741 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8798 -3.4357 0.8662 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8725 -2.4303 0.8454 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8681 0.4824 -1.6172 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9967 1.6329 -1.9184 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.7599 -0.0403 0.0978 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.9710 2.9473 -0.3707 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.1105 3.6126 -0.6383 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.3400 3.4787 1.1178 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10.9433 1.7165 0.5253 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.0961 -0.1378 -0.8996 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9.3361 1.4229 -1.8148 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.6699 -0.0664 1.0998 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7.2776 2.4618 2.1538 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1192 -2.2324 -1.1473 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4238 -2.3932 1.8814 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.2137 -3.5864 0.7663 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4669 -2.7696 0.6818 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8896 0.4974 -0.1388 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5662 1.5156 -0.3466 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.7132 1.8178 1.8135 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.3398 2.4771 1.0380 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.8345 -0.3625 0.0692 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.8992 2.3533 -1.3626 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.0729 -0.4317 -2.6275 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.3706 0.7652 -2.3669 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.2537 2.2373 -3.7015 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.8774 -0.0966 -0.4842 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.7337 0.3493 2.2256 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.8453 3.7298 1.0606 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5314 -4.8212 2.0294 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 4 2 0 4 5 1 0 5 6 2 0 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 1 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 1 0 13 14 1 0 12 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 12 17 1 1 11 18 1 0 5 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 20 21 1 0 21 22 2 0 21 23 1 0 23 24 2 0 24 25 1 0 25 26 2 0 26 27 1 0 27 28 2 0 28 29 1 0 26 30 1 0 30 31 1 0 31 32 1 0 32 33 1 0 33 34 1 0 34 35 1 0 35 36 1 0 36 37 1 0 35 38 1 0 34 39 1 0 33 40 1 0 32 41 1 0 24 42 1 0 8 3 1 0 16 10 1 0 29 19 1 0 38 31 1 0 28 23 1 0 1 43 1 0 1 44 1 0 1 45 1 0 4 46 1 0 6 47 1 0 7 48 1 0 10 49 1 1 11 50 1 6 13 51 1 0 13 52 1 0 14 53 1 0 15 54 1 0 15 55 1 0 17 56 1 0 18 57 1 0 19 58 1 6 20 59 1 0 20 60 1 0 25 61 1 0 27 62 1 0 31 63 1 6 32 64 1 1 33 65 1 1 34 66 1 1 35 67 1 1 36 68 1 0 36 69 1 0 37 70 1 0 39 71 1 0 40 72 1 0 41 73 1 0 42 74 1 0 M END

Standard InCHIKey	HGMGIRJXPKZTBP-XJBIVIJWSA-N
Standard InCHI	InChI=1S/C27H32O15/c1-37-17-4-11(2-3-15(17)41-26-24(35)27(36,9-29)10-38-26)16-7-14(31)20-13(30)5-12(6-18(20)40-16)39-25-23(34)22(33)21(32)19(8-28)42-25/h2-6,16,19,21-26,28-30,32-36H,7-10H2,1H3/t16-,19+,21+,22-,23+,24-,25+,26-,27+/m0/s1
SMILES	COc1cc(ccc1O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@](CO)(CO1)O)O)[C@@H]1CC(=O)c2c(cc(cc2O1)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O1)O)O)O)O

Calculated Properties

Physi-Chem Properties

Molecular Weight:	596.17	Volume:	546.164 ? Van der Waals volume.
Dense:	1.092	LogP:	0.794 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficients.
logD7.4:	1.362 ? The logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH=7.4.	LogS:	-2.852 ? The logarithm of aqueous solubility value.
Rotatable Bonds:	8.0	Rigid Bonds:	29.0
TPSA:	234.29 ? Topological Polar Surface Area.	H-Bond Acceptor:	15.0
H-Bond Donor:	8.0	Rings:	5.0
Heavy Atoms:	15.0

MedChem Properties

QED Drug-Likeness Score:	0.166	GASA:	0.0 ? GASA represents the probability of being difficult to synthesize, ranging from 0 to 1.
Synthetic Accessibility Score:	4.811	Fsp³:	0.519
MCE-18:	120.244 ? MCE-18 stands for medicinal chemistry evolution.MCE-18≥45 is considered a suitable value.	Lipinski Rule-of-5:	Accepted
Pfizer Rule:	Rejected	GSK Rule:	Accepted
Golden Triangle Rule:	Accepted	BMS Rule:	1
Chelating Alert:	0	PAINS Alert:	0
Colloidal aggregators:	0.601	Fluc inhibitor:	0.297 ? The fluc inhibitor value is the probability of being fLuc inhibitors, within the range of 0 to 1.
Blue fluorescence:	0.096 ? The blue fluorescence value is the probability of being blue fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1	Green fluorescence:	0.369 ? The green fluorescence value is the probability of being green fluorescence, within the range of 0 to 1
Reactive compounds:	0.044	Promiscuous compounds:	0.578

ADMET Properties (ADMETlab3.0)

ADMET: Absorption

Caco-2 Permeability:	-6.614	MDCK Permeability:	-5.199
Pgp-inhibitor:	0.0	Pgp-substrate:	0.114
PAMPA:	0.993 ? The experimental data for Peff was logarithmically transformed (logPeff). Molecules with log Peff values below 2.0 were classified as low-permeability (Category 0), while those with log Peff values exceeding 2.5 were classified as high-permeability (Category 1).	Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA):	0.704
20% Bioavailability (F20%):	0.036	30% Bioavailability (F30%):	0.992
50% Bioavailability (F50%):	0.999

ADMET: Distribution

Blood-Brain-Barrier Penetration (BBB):	0.0	MRP1:	0.108
Plasma Protein Binding (PPB):	81.684%	Volume Distribution (VD):	-0.309
Fu:	16.833% ? The fraction unbound in plasms.	OATP1B1 inhibitor:	1.0
OATP1B3 inhibitor:	1.0	BCRP inhibitor:	0.895
BSEP inhibitor:	0.004

ADMET: Metabolism

CYP1A2-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP1A2-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C19-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C19-substrate:	0.0
CYP2C9-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2C9-substrate:	0.0
CYP2D6-inhibitor:	0.0	CYP2D6-substrate:	0.0
CYP3A4-inhibitor:	0.001	CYP3A4-substrate:	0.763
CYP2B6-substrate:	0.0	CYP2C8-inhibitor:	0.005
HLM stability:	0.001 ? Human liver microsomal (HLM) stability. Category 0: stable+ (HLM > 30 min); Category 1: unstable- (HLM ≤ 30 min). The output value is the probability of human liver microsomal instability, where a value closer to 1 indicates a higher likelihood of instability.

ADMET: Excretion

Clearance (CL):

2.068

Half-life (T1/2):

3.719

ADMET: Toxicity

hERG Blockers:	0.016	hERG Blockers (10um):	0.028
Human Hepatotoxicity (H-HT):	0.968	Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI):	0.998
AMES Toxicity:	0.994	Rat Oral Acute Toxicity:	0.053
Maximum Recommended Daily Dose:	0.062	Skin Sensitization:	1.0
Carcinogencity:	0.519	Eye Corrosion:	0.0
Eye Irritation:	0.028	Respiratory Toxicity:	0.031
Drug-induced Neurotoxicity:	0.05	Ototoxicity:	0.987
Hematotoxicity:	0.464	Drug-induced Nephrotoxicity:	0.994
Genotoxicity:	0.996	RPMI-8226 Immunitoxicity:	0.378
A549 Cytotoxicity:	0.925	Hek293 Cytotoxicity:	0.538
BCF:	0.458 ? Bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. The unit is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	IGC50:	3.098 ? 48 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis IGC50. The unit of IGC50 is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].
LC50DM:	4.983 ? 48 hour Daphnia magna LC50. The unit of LC50DM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].	LC50FM:	3.917 ? 96 hour fathead minnow LC50. The unit of LC50FM is -log10[(mg/L)/(1000*MW)].

Species Source

Organism ID	Organism Name	Taxonomy Level	Family	SuperKingdom	Isolation Part	Collection Location	Collection Time	Reference
NPO15592	Swertia punctata	Species	Gentianaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	DOI[10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00231-5]
NPO15592	Swertia punctata	Species	Gentianaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	PMID[12377236]
NPO23218	Viscum coloratum	Species	Viscaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	aerial part	n.a.	PMID[2082684]
NPO23218	Viscum coloratum	Species	Viscaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	aerial part	n.a.	PMID[21922656]
NPO23218	Viscum coloratum	Species	Viscaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	aerial part	n.a.	PMID[3254039]
NPO23218	Viscum coloratum	Species	Viscaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	aerial part	n.a.	PMID[3256207]
NPO23218	Viscum coloratum	Species	Viscaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[COCONUT]
NPO23218	Viscum coloratum	Species	Viscaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[HerDing]
NPO23218	Viscum coloratum	Species	Viscaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TCMID]
NPO23218	Viscum coloratum	Species	Viscaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[TM-MC]
NPO15592	Swertia punctata	Species	Gentianaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO539	Picea vulgaris	Species	Pinaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO23218	Viscum coloratum	Species	Viscaceae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]
NPO14062	Oophaga speciosa	Species	Dendrobatidae	Eukaryota	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Database[UNPD]

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP source organism data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated them from below databases:
☉ UNPD: Universal Natural Products Database [PMID: 23638153].
☉ StreptomeDB: a database of streptomycetes natural products [PMID: 33051671].
☉ TM-MC: a database of medicinal materials and chemical compounds in Northeast Asian traditional medicine [PMID: 26156871].
☉ TCM@Taiwan: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 21253603].
☉ TCMID: a Traditional Chinese Medicine database [PMID: 29106634].
☉ TCMSP: The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform [PMID: 24735618].
☉ HerDing: a herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals [PMID: 26980517].
☉ MetaboLights: a metabolomics database [PMID: 27010336].
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

NP Quantity Composition/Concentration

Organism ID	Organism Name	Organism Material Preparation	Organism Part	NP Quantity (Standard)	NP Quantity (Minimum)	NP Quantity (Maximum)	Quantity Unit	Reference

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP quantitative records for specific NP domains (e.g., NPS from foods or herbs) from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ DUKE: Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.
☉ PHENOL EXPLORER: is the first comprehensive database on polyphenol content in foods [PMID: 24103452], its homepage can be accessed at here.
☉ FooDB: a database of constituents, chemistry and biology of food species [www.foodb.ca].

Biological Activity

Molecular-level activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vitro activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

In vivo activity

Target ID	Target Type	Target Name	Target Organism	Activity Type	Activity Relation	Value	Unit	Reference

Experimental ADME

Experiment Model	Experiment Tissue	ADME Type	ADME Relation	ADME Value	ADME Unit	Reference

Experimental Toxicity

Quantitative toxicity

Experiment Model	Experiment Organism	Toxicity Type	Toxicity Relation	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Unit	Reference

Common Abbreviations:
LC: Lethal Concentration; LD: Lethal Dose; LT:Lethal Time; NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect Level; BMDL: Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit; BMD: Benchmark Dose; BMC:Benchmark Concentration; LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level; RfD:Reference Dose; RfC:Reference Concentration; MRL: Minimal Risk Level; MEG: Maximum Exposure Guideline; PAC: Protective Action Criteria

Categorical toxicity labels

Hepatotoxicity	Carcinogenicity	Mutagenicity	Cardiotoxicity	Respiratory Toxicity	Eye Irritation	Endocrine Disruption

Note for Reference:
In addition to directly collecting NP quantitative data from primary literature (where reference will provided as NCBI PMID or DOI links), NPASS also integrated NP toxicity records from domain-specific databases. These databases include:
☉ ToxValDB: a curated database that compiles quantitative toxicity values for chemicals from diverse public sources to support toxicological research and risk assessment.
☉ TOXRIC: a comprehensive, free-to-access, online database providing toxicological/feature data. The toxicity labels are retrieved from this database. [PMID: 36400569]

Chemically structural similarity

Similar Active Natural Products in NPASS

Top-200 similar NPs were calculated against the active-NP-set (includes approximately 50,000 NPs with experimentally-derived bioactivity available in NPASS)

Similarity is measured using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) , which compares the binary fingerprints of two molecules. Tc is calculated as the intersection divided by the union of '1' bits in the fingerprints, ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating highest similarity.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC48221 and all remaining natural products in the NPASS database.
● The right table: Most similar natural products (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	15647
0.1-0.2	29371
0.2-0.3	4047
0.3-0.4	625
0.4-0.5	138
0.5-0.6	19
0.6-0.7	5
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Natural Product ID
0.7468	Intermediate Similarity	NPC219163
0.7024	Intermediate Similarity	NPC236934
0.6707	Remote Similarity	NPC97052
0.6627	Remote Similarity	NPC39351
0.6471	Remote Similarity	NPC29830
0.6452	Remote Similarity	NPC293629
0.6082	Remote Similarity	NPC261254
0.5941	Remote Similarity	NPC241196
0.5862	Remote Similarity	NPC26195
0.5625	Remote Similarity	NPC97285
0.551	Remote Similarity	NPC44328
0.551	Remote Similarity	NPC79056
0.5444	Remote Similarity	NPC206378
0.5309	Remote Similarity	NPC23084
0.53	Remote Similarity	NPC105095
0.53	Remote Similarity	NPC177731
0.53	Remote Similarity	NPC725
0.5269	Remote Similarity	NPC472383
0.5258	Remote Similarity	NPC105283
0.5222	Remote Similarity	NPC170475
0.5222	Remote Similarity	NPC163191
0.5204	Remote Similarity	NPC271270
0.5161	Remote Similarity	NPC5778
0.5109	Remote Similarity	NPC18979
0.5104	Remote Similarity	NPC472382
0.51	Remote Similarity	NPC43587

Similar Clinical/Approved Drugs

Similarity level is defined by Tanimoto coefficient (Tc) between two molecules.

● The left chart: Distribution of similarity level between NPC48221 and all drugs/candidates.
● The right table: Most similar clinical/approved drugs (Tc>=0.5 or Top200).

range	Tanimoto Coefficient
0-0.1	4519
0.1-0.2	4524
0.2-0.3	93
0.3-0.4	13
0.4-0.5	0
0.5-0.6	1
0.6-0.7	0
0.7-0.8	0
0.8-0.85	0
0.85-0.9	0
0.9-0.95	0
0.95-1	0

Similarity Score	Similarity Level	Drug ID	Developmental Stage
0.551	Remote Similarity	NPD7074	Phase 3

Bioactivity similarity

Similar Natural Products in NPASS

Similarity level is defined by Bioactivity similarity was calculated based on bioactivity descriptors of compounds. The bioactivity descriptors were calculated by a recently developed AI algorithm Chemical Checker (CC) [Nature Biotechnology, 38:1087–1096, 2020; Nature Communications, 12:3932, 2021], which evaluated bioactivity similarities at five levels:
☉ A: chemistry similarity;
☉ B: biological targets similarity;
☉ C: networks similarity;
☉ D: cell-based bioactivity similarity;
☉ E: similarity based on clinical data.
Those 5 categories of CC bioactivity descriptors were calculated and then subjected to manifold projection using UMAP algorithm, to project all NPs on a 2-Dimensional space. The current NP was highlighted with a small circle in the 2-D map. Below figures: left-to-right, A-to-E.

A: chemistry similarity

B: biological targets similarity

C: networks similarity

D: cell-based bioactivity similarity

E: similarity based on clinical data